This paper describes further analysis on the evaluation of OO-method function points for the Web (OOmFPWeb), a functional size measurement method for Web applications. OOmFPWeb was evaluated using a range of performance-based and perception-based variables including productivity, reproducibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use. The evaluation was guided by an evaluation model for information systems design methods, the method evaluation model (MEM). In this paper, we present the empirical testing of the MEM to verify the validity of this model in the evaluation of OOmFPWeb. It includes the analysis of causal relationships existing among the different variables of the model. The results show that the MEM is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating OOmFPWeb but the relationships among productivity, perceived ease of use and intention to use needs to be revised
{"title":"Further Analysis on the Evaluation of a Size Measure for Web Applications","authors":"S. Abrahão, G. Poels","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.17","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes further analysis on the evaluation of OO-method function points for the Web (OOmFPWeb), a functional size measurement method for Web applications. OOmFPWeb was evaluated using a range of performance-based and perception-based variables including productivity, reproducibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use. The evaluation was guided by an evaluation model for information systems design methods, the method evaluation model (MEM). In this paper, we present the empirical testing of the MEM to verify the validity of this model in the evaluation of OOmFPWeb. It includes the analysis of causal relationships existing among the different variables of the model. The results show that the MEM is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating OOmFPWeb but the relationships among productivity, perceived ease of use and intention to use needs to be revised","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133907349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Nettleton, Liliana Calderón-Benavides, Ricardo Baeza-Yates
In this paper we process and analyze Web search engine query and click data from the perspective of the documents (URs) selected. We initially define possible document categories and select descriptive variables to define the documents. The URL dataset is preprocessed and analyzed using some traditional statistical methods, and then processed by the Kohonen (1984) SOM clustering technique, which we use to produce a two level clustering. The clusters are interpreted in terms of the document categories and variables defined initially. Then we apply the C4.5 (Quinlan, 1993) rule induction algorithm to produce a decision tree for the document category. The objective of the paper is to apply a systematic data mining process to click data, contrasting non-supervised (Kohonen) and supervised (C4.5) methods to cluster and model the data, in order to identify document profiles which relate to theoretical user behavior, and document (URL) organization
{"title":"Analysis of Web Search Engine Clicked Documents","authors":"D. Nettleton, Liliana Calderón-Benavides, Ricardo Baeza-Yates","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we process and analyze Web search engine query and click data from the perspective of the documents (URs) selected. We initially define possible document categories and select descriptive variables to define the documents. The URL dataset is preprocessed and analyzed using some traditional statistical methods, and then processed by the Kohonen (1984) SOM clustering technique, which we use to produce a two level clustering. The clusters are interpreted in terms of the document categories and variables defined initially. Then we apply the C4.5 (Quinlan, 1993) rule induction algorithm to produce a decision tree for the document category. The objective of the paper is to apply a systematic data mining process to click data, contrasting non-supervised (Kohonen) and supervised (C4.5) methods to cluster and model the data, in order to identify document profiles which relate to theoretical user behavior, and document (URL) organization","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130517043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The video adaptation has been developed with the objective of enabling the access by devices with limitant characteristics. One way to adapt the video is the transcoding technique, which can be applied in a large range of applications. However, it is known that the transcoding process has a high computational cost, which it is thought to be the main generator of delay. In this paper we present a transcoding evaluation in live video adaptation. As a result, the measures obtained can help researchers and developers to choose the best adaptation mechanism or system architecture for their specific applications
{"title":"Transcoding Evaluation in Live Video Adaptation","authors":"M. Manzato, R. Goularte","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.35","url":null,"abstract":"The video adaptation has been developed with the objective of enabling the access by devices with limitant characteristics. One way to adapt the video is the transcoding technique, which can be applied in a large range of applications. However, it is known that the transcoding process has a high computational cost, which it is thought to be the main generator of delay. In this paper we present a transcoding evaluation in live video adaptation. As a result, the measures obtained can help researchers and developers to choose the best adaptation mechanism or system architecture for their specific applications","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122344453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Policies have been adopted for many reasons within Web services and service-oriented architecture in general. However, while they are a favoured method of management, this only occurs at the service level and in the software domain. Policies already exist in a narrow variety more focussed on service properties such as authorisation. As a significant number of Web services become available, more emphasis needs to be placed on management of services in the business domain. In this paper, we propose a policy framework that can be used to express business requirements for Web services, at a business level that is more abstract than the high-level composition and orchestration technologies
{"title":"Policy Support for Business-oriented Web Service Management","authors":"Stephen Gorton, S. Reiff-Marganiec","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.26","url":null,"abstract":"Policies have been adopted for many reasons within Web services and service-oriented architecture in general. However, while they are a favoured method of management, this only occurs at the service level and in the software domain. Policies already exist in a narrow variety more focussed on service properties such as authorisation. As a significant number of Web services become available, more emphasis needs to be placed on management of services in the business domain. In this paper, we propose a policy framework that can be used to express business requirements for Web services, at a business level that is more abstract than the high-level composition and orchestration technologies","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130826419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article compares several strategies for searching in Web engines and we present the bucket algorithms to improve the efficiency of a classical index data structure for parallel textual database. We use the inverted files as the data structure and the vector space model to perform the ranking of documents. The main interest is the queries parallel processing on a cluster of PCs, and therefore this paper is focused in the communication and synchronization optimization. The design of the server that processes the queries, is effected on top of the bulk synchronous-BSP model of parallel computing, to study how query performance is affected by the index organization
{"title":"ImprovingWeb Searches with Distributed Buckets Structures","authors":"V. Gil-Costa, A. M. Printista, Mauricio Marín","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.18","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares several strategies for searching in Web engines and we present the bucket algorithms to improve the efficiency of a classical index data structure for parallel textual database. We use the inverted files as the data structure and the vector space model to perform the ranking of documents. The main interest is the queries parallel processing on a cluster of PCs, and therefore this paper is focused in the communication and synchronization optimization. The design of the server that processes the queries, is effected on top of the bulk synchronous-BSP model of parallel computing, to study how query performance is affected by the index organization","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115916833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E-grocery is not as successful or as extensively used as other types of e-commerce. Why this is so is widely debated but there is, as yet, no consensus of opinion. One of the issues that may play a large role is personalisation. In order to determine users' personalisation preferences, we used a Web-based questionnaire to assess e-grocery attitudes and needs. This paper presents the results of the questionnaire that shows how personalisation features are differently valued according to user demographics
{"title":"What E-Grocery Customers really want: Personalised Personalisation","authors":"Dora Galvez-Cruz, K. Renaud","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.38","url":null,"abstract":"E-grocery is not as successful or as extensively used as other types of e-commerce. Why this is so is widely debated but there is, as yet, no consensus of opinion. One of the issues that may play a large role is personalisation. In order to determine users' personalisation preferences, we used a Web-based questionnaire to assess e-grocery attitudes and needs. This paper presents the results of the questionnaire that shows how personalisation features are differently valued according to user demographics","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123840279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many technological standards related with learning objects: some are general purpose and others are specialized in elearning. This paper presents an analysis of four open standards commonly related to learning objects: Dublin Core, ADL SCORM, IEEE LOM and IMS. The result of this comparison represented important decision making information in the context of the voice enhanced learning object authoring tool (VELOAT) software development project
{"title":"Analysis of Open Technological Standards for Learning Objects","authors":"Arturo Rodríguez Vázquez, Yulia Ostróvskaya","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.5","url":null,"abstract":"There are many technological standards related with learning objects: some are general purpose and others are specialized in elearning. This paper presents an analysis of four open standards commonly related to learning objects: Dublin Core, ADL SCORM, IEEE LOM and IMS. The result of this comparison represented important decision making information in the context of the voice enhanced learning object authoring tool (VELOAT) software development project","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123609884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we describe a new approach to text categorization, our focus is in the amount of information (the entropy) in the text. The entropy is computed with the empirical distribution of words in the text. We provide the system with a manually segmented collection of documents in different categories. For each category a separate empirical distribution of words is computed, we use this empirical distribution for categorization purposes. If we compute the entropy of the test document for each empirical distribution the correct category shows as a maximum. For example, if we compute the entropy of a sports document using the politics or the sports empirical word distributions then the computed entropy is higher in sports than in politics. Our text categorization approach is simple, easy to code and needs no training time (aside from histogram computations). The classification time is linear on the size of the document and the number of document categories. We support our claims with extensive experimentation
{"title":"Contextual Entropy and Text Categorization","authors":"Moises Garcia, H. Hidalgo, Edgar Chávez","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe a new approach to text categorization, our focus is in the amount of information (the entropy) in the text. The entropy is computed with the empirical distribution of words in the text. We provide the system with a manually segmented collection of documents in different categories. For each category a separate empirical distribution of words is computed, we use this empirical distribution for categorization purposes. If we compute the entropy of the test document for each empirical distribution the correct category shows as a maximum. For example, if we compute the entropy of a sports document using the politics or the sports empirical word distributions then the computed entropy is higher in sports than in politics. Our text categorization approach is simple, easy to code and needs no training time (aside from histogram computations). The classification time is linear on the size of the document and the number of document categories. We support our claims with extensive experimentation","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Web site clustering consists in finding meaningful groups of related Web sites. How related is some Web site to another is a question that depends on how we represent Web sites. Traditionally, vectors and graphs have been two important structures to represent individuals in a population. Both representations can play an important role in the Web area if hyper structure is considered. By analyzing the way Web sites are linked, we can build vectors or graphs to understand how a Web site collection is partitioned. In this paper, we analyze these two models and four associated algorithms: k-means and self-organizing maps (SOM) with vectors, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms with graphs. For testing these ideas we clustered some Web sites in the Central American Web. We compare the results for clustering this Web site collection using both models and show what kind of clusters each one produces
{"title":"Vectors and Graphs: Two Representations to Cluster Web Sites Using Hyperstructure","authors":"Esteban Meneses","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.36","url":null,"abstract":"Web site clustering consists in finding meaningful groups of related Web sites. How related is some Web site to another is a question that depends on how we represent Web sites. Traditionally, vectors and graphs have been two important structures to represent individuals in a population. Both representations can play an important role in the Web area if hyper structure is considered. By analyzing the way Web sites are linked, we can build vectors or graphs to understand how a Web site collection is partitioned. In this paper, we analyze these two models and four associated algorithms: k-means and self-organizing maps (SOM) with vectors, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms with graphs. For testing these ideas we clustered some Web sites in the Central American Web. We compare the results for clustering this Web site collection using both models and show what kind of clusters each one produces","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134471395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although Web service technology allows the development and execution of distributed applications, it still lacks facilities to deal with quality of service (QoS). Consumers may require services with particular nonfunctional characteristics and expect quality level guarantees. The goal of this paper is to propose an extended Web service architecture supporting QoS management for Web services. It includes brokers to facilitate service selection according to functional and non-functional requirements and monitors to verify QoS attributes. The main contributions of this approach are the use of the Web services policy framework (WS-Policy) standard to enhance the service specification with QoS policies and an extension to the universal description discovery & integration (UDDI) standard for QoS-enriched Web service publication and discovery
{"title":"A Web Service Architecture Providing QoS Management","authors":"D. Garcia, M. D. Toledo","doi":"10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LA-WEB.2006.3","url":null,"abstract":"Although Web service technology allows the development and execution of distributed applications, it still lacks facilities to deal with quality of service (QoS). Consumers may require services with particular nonfunctional characteristics and expect quality level guarantees. The goal of this paper is to propose an extended Web service architecture supporting QoS management for Web services. It includes brokers to facilitate service selection according to functional and non-functional requirements and monitors to verify QoS attributes. The main contributions of this approach are the use of the Web services policy framework (WS-Policy) standard to enhance the service specification with QoS policies and an extension to the universal description discovery & integration (UDDI) standard for QoS-enriched Web service publication and discovery","PeriodicalId":339667,"journal":{"name":"2006 Fourth Latin American Web Congress","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134157403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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