Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15452/historica.2022.13.0001
Miroslav Lukáč
The town of Krupina and its privileges : On the issue of the oldest privileges of guests of Krupina before the Mongol invasion The author deals with the issue of privileges granted to Krupina, one of the oldest towns in Slovakia. The town’s privileges were renewed in 1244, whereas the first privileges ever mentioned were granted before the Mongol invasion (March 1241). With reference to the only document – preserved from 1238 –, some authors indirectly came to the conclusion that the first written privileges were given to German guests as early as in 1238. The author of the paper presents the possibility of privileges being granted before 1241. The first German guests probably settled in the town of Krupina at the end of 12th or beginning of 13th century and in this market town they were apparently given the right to hold markets, which were originally held by the Slovak residents. The German settlers probably also got the right to choose their own mayors and rectors (priests) so that they could be understood. This fact is attested by documents originating in places in the near vicinity (Sebechleby, Hontianske Nemce) or in more distant locations (Trnava, Blatný Potok) where residents of German descent were living. Moreover, the guests coming to the town of Krupina had the right to do business either in neighbouring or remote regions as pointed out in the document from 1238; apparently they were also given the right to harvest wood and break stone for the construction of churches and houses. Along with their rights, the German residents also had to fulfil their duties. In particular, they were committed to paying taxes to the king or the count as the local authority representing the king. Furthermore, they paid the church tithe, this being one of the oldest feudal annuities within Christian communities and the Kingdom of Hungary.
{"title":"Privilégiá mesta Krupina – K problematike nejstarších privilégií hostí Krupiny spred mongolského vpádu","authors":"Miroslav Lukáč","doi":"10.15452/historica.2022.13.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/historica.2022.13.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The town of Krupina and its privileges : On the issue of the oldest privileges of guests of Krupina before the Mongol invasion The author deals with the issue of privileges granted to Krupina, one of the oldest towns in Slovakia. The town’s privileges were renewed in 1244, whereas the first privileges ever mentioned were granted before the Mongol invasion (March 1241). With reference to the only document – preserved from 1238 –, some authors indirectly came to the conclusion that the first written privileges were given to German guests as early as in 1238. The author of the paper presents the possibility of privileges being granted before 1241. The first German guests probably settled in the town of Krupina at the end of 12th or beginning of 13th century and in this market town they were apparently given the right to hold markets, which were originally held by the Slovak residents. The German settlers probably also got the right to choose their own mayors and rectors (priests) so that they could be understood. This fact is attested by documents originating in places in the near vicinity (Sebechleby, Hontianske Nemce) or in more distant locations (Trnava, Blatný Potok) where residents of German descent were living. Moreover, the guests coming to the town of Krupina had the right to do business either in neighbouring or remote regions as pointed out in the document from 1238; apparently they were also given the right to harvest wood and break stone for the construction of churches and houses. Along with their rights, the German residents also had to fulfil their duties. In particular, they were committed to paying taxes to the king or the count as the local authority representing the king. Furthermore, they paid the church tithe, this being one of the oldest feudal annuities within Christian communities and the Kingdom of Hungary.","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"74 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130820355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15452/historica.2022.13.0002
Jana Janišová
The issue of villeins is quite abundantly represented in Moravian provincial law. In most cases, subjects act as objects, except in one specific type of case, namely when they are in dispute with their own lords of the manors as a collective. This agenda was only established at the beginning of the 16th century and had very specific procedural rules. Jurisdiction in disputes between villeins and their lords in Moravia during the long 16th century belonged to the Provincial Court. The ruler interacted significantly with the villeins and the highest pro‑ vincial officials, intervening in disputes, but did not actively interfere with the competence of the Provincial Court to resolve these cases.
{"title":"Jurisdikce a procesní pravidla ve sporech poddaných s vrchností v moravském zemském právu v dlouhém 16. století","authors":"Jana Janišová","doi":"10.15452/historica.2022.13.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/historica.2022.13.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of villeins is quite abundantly represented in Moravian provincial law. In most cases, subjects act as objects, except in one specific type of case, namely when they are in dispute with their own lords of the manors as a collective. This agenda was only established at the beginning of the 16th century and had very specific procedural rules. Jurisdiction in disputes between villeins and their lords in Moravia during the long 16th century belonged to the Provincial Court. The ruler interacted significantly with the villeins and the highest pro‑ vincial officials, intervening in disputes, but did not actively interfere with the competence of the Provincial Court to resolve these cases.","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133322039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15452/historica.2022.13.0003
M. Dragonová, Monika Szturcová
In this study, we focused on women writers and cultural workers whose archival collections are stored at the Petr Bezruč Memorial of the Silesian Museum. The works of the researched female writers provide valuable evidence of the literary and cultural life of northern Moravia and Silesia or Wallachia and are a means of depicting the cultural identity and memory of the region of the late 19th and 20th centuries. The text emphasizes the introduction of fema‑ le authors and also provides detailed information about the specific content of individual collections. We also present the female writers‘ literary works in excerpts from documents stored in individual collections.
{"title":"Osobní fondy spisovatelek v Památníku Petra Bezruče Slezského zemského muzea","authors":"M. Dragonová, Monika Szturcová","doi":"10.15452/historica.2022.13.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/historica.2022.13.0003","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we focused on women writers and cultural workers whose archival collections are stored at the Petr Bezruč Memorial of the Silesian Museum. The works of the researched female writers provide valuable evidence of the literary and cultural life of northern Moravia and Silesia or Wallachia and are a means of depicting the cultural identity and memory of the region of the late 19th and 20th centuries. The text emphasizes the introduction of fema‑ le authors and also provides detailed information about the specific content of individual collections. We also present the female writers‘ literary works in excerpts from documents stored in individual collections.","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115619301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15452/historica.2022.13.0004
Nina Pavelčíková
Thanks to its diverse terrain, Czechoslovakia represents a watershed, or rather a basin of rivers that flow into neighbouring countries. Their pollution, which was caused by excessive development of heavy industry in the 20th century, had a significant impact on the devasta‑ tion of the environment, especially in the northern parts of the territory and in border regions of Germany and Poland. This study presents basic trends in the development of Czechoslovakia–Poland relations in the field of environmental protection in the period under review, but also tries to view them from a more general perspective. Special attention is paid to the impact of Ostrava’s heavy industry on the pollution of the rivers Olza and Oder (or parts of their tributaries) that flow through the Czech‑Polish border regions via the Ostrava indus‑ trial agglomeration; the Oder then continues northwards across the whole of Poland. However, air pollution caused by the development of the Ostrava and Upper Silesian industrial areas had an adverse effect on environmental development too.
{"title":"Československo‑polské vztahy z hlediska environmentálního, pokusy o řešení (1927–1992)","authors":"Nina Pavelčíková","doi":"10.15452/historica.2022.13.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/historica.2022.13.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to its diverse terrain, Czechoslovakia represents a watershed, or rather a basin of rivers that flow into neighbouring countries. Their pollution, which was caused by excessive development of heavy industry in the 20th century, had a significant impact on the devasta‑ tion of the environment, especially in the northern parts of the territory and in border regions of Germany and Poland. This study presents basic trends in the development of Czechoslovakia–Poland relations in the field of environmental protection in the period under review, but also tries to view them from a more general perspective. Special attention is paid to the impact of Ostrava’s heavy industry on the pollution of the rivers Olza and Oder (or parts of their tributaries) that flow through the Czech‑Polish border regions via the Ostrava indus‑ trial agglomeration; the Oder then continues northwards across the whole of Poland. However, air pollution caused by the development of the Ostrava and Upper Silesian industrial areas had an adverse effect on environmental development too.","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123147081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15452/historica.2021.12.0007
Petr Kozák
This study presents an analytical probe into the field of beverage culture as it was cultivated in the late 15th and early 16th century at the courts of the descendants of the Polish‑Lithuanian ruler Casimir IV († 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty: the Czech and Hungarian king Vladislaus († 1516), his son, the Czech and Hungarian king Louis († 1526), and then his brothers, the Polish king John Albert († 1501), the grand duke of Lithuania and later also the Polish king Alexander († 1506) and the future Polish‑Lithuanian ruler (the then Duke of Opava and Głogów and the governor of Silesia and Lusatia) Sigismund († 1548). The starting point of the research was a comprehensive analysis of rare, preserved account books kept at the courts of these monarchs. This study describes the various types of beverages consumed (especially wine and beer) both in the social and geographic context. In addition, it also includes the sphere of consumers‘ taste preferences.
{"title":"Nápoje na dvorech králů a knížat z dynastie Jagellonců konce 15. a počátku 16. století","authors":"Petr Kozák","doi":"10.15452/historica.2021.12.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/historica.2021.12.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an analytical probe into the field of beverage culture as it was cultivated in the late 15th and early 16th century at the courts of the descendants of the Polish‑Lithuanian ruler Casimir IV († 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty: the Czech and Hungarian king Vladislaus († 1516), his son, the Czech and Hungarian king Louis († 1526), and then his brothers, the Polish king John Albert († 1501), the grand duke of Lithuania and later also the Polish king Alexander († 1506) and the future Polish‑Lithuanian ruler (the then Duke of Opava and Głogów and the governor of Silesia and Lusatia) Sigismund († 1548). The starting point of the research was a comprehensive analysis of rare, preserved account books kept at the courts of these monarchs. This study describes the various types of beverages consumed (especially wine and beer) both in the social and geographic context. In addition, it also includes the sphere of consumers‘ taste preferences.","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15452/historica.2021.12.0009
Zuzana Donátková
The article maps the relationship between the Italian Futurist movement and fascism from a general perspective. It deals with the relationship between the leader of Futurism F. T. Marinetti and Benito Mussolini from the beginning of their cooperation in 1915 to the end of the Second World War. Throughout its era, Futurism identified itself with Italy’s social and political climate. Futurism was one of the ideological sources for fascism and it was one of the movements that formed Fasci di Combattimento in 1919. But after Mussolini came to power, fascist cultural politics aesthetically preferred traditionalism, order, and a return to the achievements of history, a contemporary rappel à l’ordre, and Futurism found itself in cultural dissent. Marinetti thus spent the rest of his life trying to improve the position of modernist artists in fascist Italy, which would earn Futurism recognition of the official state art of the fascist regime.
{"title":"Futurismus a fašismus","authors":"Zuzana Donátková","doi":"10.15452/historica.2021.12.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/historica.2021.12.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The article maps the relationship between the Italian Futurist movement and fascism from a general perspective. It deals with the relationship between the leader of Futurism F. T. Marinetti and Benito Mussolini from the beginning of their cooperation in 1915 to the end of the Second World War. Throughout its era, Futurism identified itself with Italy’s social and political climate. Futurism was one of the ideological sources for fascism and it was one of the movements that formed Fasci di Combattimento in 1919. But after Mussolini came to power, fascist cultural politics aesthetically preferred traditionalism, order, and a return to the achievements of history, a contemporary rappel à l’ordre, and Futurism found itself in cultural dissent. Marinetti thus spent the rest of his life trying to improve the position of modernist artists in fascist Italy, which would earn Futurism recognition of the official state art of the fascist regime.","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126191615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15452/historica.2021.12.0006
Jennifer Schurr Vlček
The first treatise of the so‑called Passional of Abbess Cunegund was composed by the Dominican lector Colda of Colditz at the abbess’ behest in 1312, and illustrated by an unknown artist. In this study, images of three specific character‑types are analysed: villain, soldier and Jew, who not only act out their part in the treatises’ account of Christ’s Passion, but also appear to provide a window onto certain aspects of contemporary, medieval Czech society. By examining the iconography of the illustrations it is shown how, through characterisation, caricature and dress, the viewer is led to adopt an attitude either of disgust towards the malefactors, or a certain sympathy towards a chosen few.
{"title":"Illustrating the Ostracized : the Depiction of Villain, Soldier and Jew in the Passional of Abbess Cunegund","authors":"Jennifer Schurr Vlček","doi":"10.15452/historica.2021.12.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/historica.2021.12.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The first treatise of the so‑called Passional of Abbess Cunegund was composed by the Dominican lector Colda of Colditz at the abbess’ behest in 1312, and illustrated by an unknown artist. In this study, images of three specific character‑types are analysed: villain, soldier and Jew, who not only act out their part in the treatises’ account of Christ’s Passion, but also appear to provide a window onto certain aspects of contemporary, medieval Czech society. By examining the iconography of the illustrations it is shown how, through characterisation, caricature and dress, the viewer is led to adopt an attitude either of disgust towards the malefactors, or a certain sympathy towards a chosen few.","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116646650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.15452/historica.2021.12.0008
Andrea Pokludová
The main aim of this study is to present an analysis of the education conditions in the provincial capital of the Moravian Margraviate in the context of the national struggle for compulsory schooling between the German municipal government and Czech national activists at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. At the provincial level, the sharpest edges of Czech German conflict were to be blunted by the Moravian Compromise concluded in 1905, which included four provincial laws for the most troublesome areas, including the lex Perek. This study analyses and interprets the situation in Brno education through the lens of Czech emancipatory efforts from the mid-1870s to the passing of the lex Perek. Furthermore, it explains the situation after its passing, when the fight for the child was not coming to an end despite the concluded Czech‑German Compromise – it rather escalated. This text thus deals with the real impact of one of the four provincial laws concluded within the Moravian Compromise, using the example of pre‑war Brno. It is a probe into the issue at hand that uses the example of the provincial capital. The probe represents a practice that was far removed from the contemporary government’s presentation of the concluded compromise as a „model“ solution to the problematic Czech‑German coexistence within the multinational monarchy.
{"title":"Brněnské školství v kontextu lex Perek","authors":"Andrea Pokludová","doi":"10.15452/historica.2021.12.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/historica.2021.12.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study is to present an analysis of the education conditions in the provincial capital of the Moravian Margraviate in the context of the national struggle for compulsory schooling between the German municipal government and Czech national activists at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. At the provincial level, the sharpest edges of Czech German conflict were to be blunted by the Moravian Compromise concluded in 1905, which included four provincial laws for the most troublesome areas, including the lex Perek. This study analyses and interprets the situation in Brno education through the lens of Czech emancipatory efforts from the mid-1870s to the passing of the lex Perek. Furthermore, it explains the situation after its passing, when the fight for the child was not coming to an end despite the concluded Czech‑German Compromise – it rather escalated. This text thus deals with the real impact of one of the four provincial laws concluded within the Moravian Compromise, using the example of pre‑war Brno. It is a probe into the issue at hand that uses the example of the provincial capital. The probe represents a practice that was far removed from the contemporary government’s presentation of the concluded compromise as a „model“ solution to the problematic Czech‑German coexistence within the multinational monarchy.","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125509330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.15452/HISTORICA.2021.12.0002
J. Svoboda
{"title":"Prodej panství Kravaře Petrem Strážnickým z Kravař v roce 1420","authors":"J. Svoboda","doi":"10.15452/HISTORICA.2021.12.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/HISTORICA.2021.12.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126035900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.15452/HISTORICA.2021.12.0005
Jiří Knapík
{"title":"Jiskry v Pionýrské organizaci ČSM (1959–1967)","authors":"Jiří Knapík","doi":"10.15452/HISTORICA.2021.12.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15452/HISTORICA.2021.12.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339758,"journal":{"name":"Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132701844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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