Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.202265
M. Sharafeddin, A. Abdallah, H. Nofal, A. Samir
Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the commonest hormonal deficiencies, which is associated with high somatic and psychiatric morbidity. Objective : This study was done to assess quality of life (QoL), satisfaction with life and treatment among hypothyroid patients and to correlate level of control, disease duration and free Triiodothyronine (T3)/Thyroxine (T4) ratio to these outcome measures. Method: A cross-sectional study was applied on 257 hypothyroid patients in Zagazig University hospital from September 2019 to March 2020. All patients filled in thyroid quality of life, satisfaction with life, thyroid symptom, and satisfaction with thyroid treatment questionnaires. Thyroid profile was assessed . Results: Females represented 66.9% with mean age 44.175 years. Regarding Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), patients were divided into; uncontrolled, controlled and strictly controlled, which represented 26.5%, 35.8% and 37.7% respectively. Reduced FT3/FT4 prevailed in 40.5%. There were non-significant relation between level of control and QoL; present, hypothyroid dependent, importance rating or total thyrDol 18 scores. There was statistically significant relation between level of control and each of thyroid treatment satisfaction, satisfaction with life score and thyroid symptom scores. There was statistically significant relation between T3/T4 ratio and each of present, total thyrDol 18, thyroid treatment satisfaction, satisfaction with life score and thyroid symptom scores. Athyreotic patients had better QoL and SWLS. Conclusion: Achieving biochemical well-being not essentially means physical wellbeing. TSH alone can render patients biochemically euthyroid yet the patients still suffer. Reduced T3/T4 ratio impaired QoL which pointed to importance of development of management strategy rather than relying only on TSH levels.
{"title":"Does Being Biochemically Euthyroid Guarantee Complete Well-Being among Primary Hypothyroid Patients in Zagazig University Hospital?","authors":"M. Sharafeddin, A. Abdallah, H. Nofal, A. Samir","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.202265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.202265","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the commonest hormonal deficiencies, which is associated with high somatic and psychiatric morbidity. Objective : This study was done to assess quality of life (QoL), satisfaction with life and treatment among hypothyroid patients and to correlate level of control, disease duration and free Triiodothyronine (T3)/Thyroxine (T4) ratio to these outcome measures. Method: A cross-sectional study was applied on 257 hypothyroid patients in Zagazig University hospital from September 2019 to March 2020. All patients filled in thyroid quality of life, satisfaction with life, thyroid symptom, and satisfaction with thyroid treatment questionnaires. Thyroid profile was assessed . Results: Females represented 66.9% with mean age 44.175 years. Regarding Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), patients were divided into; uncontrolled, controlled and strictly controlled, which represented 26.5%, 35.8% and 37.7% respectively. Reduced FT3/FT4 prevailed in 40.5%. There were non-significant relation between level of control and QoL; present, hypothyroid dependent, importance rating or total thyrDol 18 scores. There was statistically significant relation between level of control and each of thyroid treatment satisfaction, satisfaction with life score and thyroid symptom scores. There was statistically significant relation between T3/T4 ratio and each of present, total thyrDol 18, thyroid treatment satisfaction, satisfaction with life score and thyroid symptom scores. Athyreotic patients had better QoL and SWLS. Conclusion: Achieving biochemical well-being not essentially means physical wellbeing. TSH alone can render patients biochemically euthyroid yet the patients still suffer. Reduced T3/T4 ratio impaired QoL which pointed to importance of development of management strategy rather than relying only on TSH levels.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128546895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.202262
M. Abdelrehim
Background: Food addiction (FA) exists in one-sixth of Egyptian adolescents. It is associated with neuropsychiatric problems and is incriminated in the current obesity epidemic. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FA and its indicators among medical students of Minia University and to identify the predictors of FA indicators. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 394 medical students was conducted during November 2020. Students filled out a self-reported English questionnaire that included socio-demographics, smoking habits, modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2 (mYFAS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), and The General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ). Results: The prevalence of FA among the studied medical students was 11.4% and 14.5% had three or more FA indicators. The most common FA indicator was craving (24.9%) followed by withdrawal (16.2%), use in physically hazardous situations (15.2%), and unsuccessful quitting (14.7%). The significant predictors of FA diagnosis were socioeconomic level, BMI, and depression. Most FA indicators were significantly associated with depression and/or stress. Furthermore, high BMI was associated with unsuccessful quitting, giving up or reduced activities, and interpersonal problems. Smoking correlated to loss of control, craving, and clinically significant impairment. The low socioeconomic level affected the withdrawal symptoms and interpersonal problems. Conclusion: FA indicators are common among medical students. Future studies should evaluate the impact of nutrition education and weight control combined with smoking cessation and psychological support to promote healthy eating behavior and reduce the rate of FA and obesity among medical students.
{"title":"Indicators and Determinants of Food Addiction among Fourth-grade Medical Students of Minia University in Egypt","authors":"M. Abdelrehim","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.202262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.202262","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Food addiction (FA) exists in one-sixth of Egyptian adolescents. It is associated with neuropsychiatric problems and is incriminated in the current obesity epidemic. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FA and its indicators among medical students of Minia University and to identify the predictors of FA indicators. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 394 medical students was conducted during November 2020. Students filled out a self-reported English questionnaire that included socio-demographics, smoking habits, modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2 (mYFAS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), and The General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ). Results: The prevalence of FA among the studied medical students was 11.4% and 14.5% had three or more FA indicators. The most common FA indicator was craving (24.9%) followed by withdrawal (16.2%), use in physically hazardous situations (15.2%), and unsuccessful quitting (14.7%). The significant predictors of FA diagnosis were socioeconomic level, BMI, and depression. Most FA indicators were significantly associated with depression and/or stress. Furthermore, high BMI was associated with unsuccessful quitting, giving up or reduced activities, and interpersonal problems. Smoking correlated to loss of control, craving, and clinically significant impairment. The low socioeconomic level affected the withdrawal symptoms and interpersonal problems. Conclusion: FA indicators are common among medical students. Future studies should evaluate the impact of nutrition education and weight control combined with smoking cessation and psychological support to promote healthy eating behavior and reduce the rate of FA and obesity among medical students.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"297 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114903373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.202260
S. Abdelsalam, S. El-Sayed, M. Khafagy, D. Alemam
Background: Women with unmet need for family planning (FP) comprise an enormous part of married women of conceptive age in developing countries. In 2015, the estimated percentage of married women with unmet for FP was estimated as 12%. Many socioeconomic and reproductive factors influence the high prevalence of unmet need. Objective: The study was conducted to estimate the contraceptive prevalence rate and the percent of unmet need and to investigate the determinants of unmet needs among studied women. Methods: A cross sectional study with analytical components was carried out between January and May 2019 at Shoha primary health care center, Mansoura District, Dakahlia Governorate on 400 currently married women in childbearing age. A questionnaire used to obtain both socio-demographic and reproductive data. Result: The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 9.8%. The risk of unmet need was 2.46 more times among working women and 3.39 more times among women having children aged less than two years Conclusion: A considerable proportion of rural Egyptian women still have an unmet need. The need for more effective FP program is very crucial in combating this problem.
{"title":"Unmet Need for Family Planning among Married Women of Reproductive Age in An Egyptian Village","authors":"S. Abdelsalam, S. El-Sayed, M. Khafagy, D. Alemam","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.202260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.202260","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women with unmet need for family planning (FP) comprise an enormous part of married women of conceptive age in developing countries. In 2015, the estimated percentage of married women with unmet for FP was estimated as 12%. Many socioeconomic and reproductive factors influence the high prevalence of unmet need. Objective: The study was conducted to estimate the contraceptive prevalence rate and the percent of unmet need and to investigate the determinants of unmet needs among studied women. Methods: A cross sectional study with analytical components was carried out between January and May 2019 at Shoha primary health care center, Mansoura District, Dakahlia Governorate on 400 currently married women in childbearing age. A questionnaire used to obtain both socio-demographic and reproductive data. Result: The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 9.8%. The risk of unmet need was 2.46 more times among working women and 3.39 more times among women having children aged less than two years Conclusion: A considerable proportion of rural Egyptian women still have an unmet need. The need for more effective FP program is very crucial in combating this problem.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116299659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.202261
M. Wahdan, M. El-Awady, N. M. A. Elmagd, Amany T. Abd, Elrahman, I. M. Mossad, G. Wassif
Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) lead to morbidity, extended hospitalization, and death. SSI surveillance is an important strategy to decrease SSI risk. Objectives: The study aimed to measure SSI incidence in pediatric surgeries, and to assess the effectiveness of electronic air filtration on surgical site infection rate in operating rooms of pediatric surgery department, Ain Shams university hospital. Method: An interventional study and a prospective SSI surveillance for 12 months (6 months before intervention) and (6 months after intervention) were done; where patients were tracked for 30 days after date of operation for the occurrence of SSI according to CDC Criteria, 2008 for SSI diagnosis. Data were collected through 3 worksheets for patient, surgery characteristics and telephone survey follow up. Intervention for improving air quality was performed by new electronic air decontamination unit beside the conventional ventilation system. Results: The overall incidence rate of SSIs was 24%. SSIs rate and was significantly higher among control group than intervention group. Factors associated with SSIs were absence of chronic illness, discharge after surgery to ICU, contaminated surgical wound class, and long duration of surgery. Conclusion and recommendations: Intervention with electronic filtration device beside the conventional ventilation system is protective against SSIs as it improves air quality in operating rooms. Therefore, stress on the establishment of SSIs surveillance for tracking the incidence rate and addressing the possible controlling factors and more attention should be done to improve air quality in operating room to decrease the incidence of SSIs.
{"title":"Surveillance and Effect of Electronic Air Filtration on Surgical Site Infection in Operating Rooms of a Pediatric Surgery Department","authors":"M. Wahdan, M. El-Awady, N. M. A. Elmagd, Amany T. Abd, Elrahman, I. M. Mossad, G. Wassif","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.202261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.202261","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) lead to morbidity, extended hospitalization, and death. SSI surveillance is an important strategy to decrease SSI risk. Objectives: The study aimed to measure SSI incidence in pediatric surgeries, and to assess the effectiveness of electronic air filtration on surgical site infection rate in operating rooms of pediatric surgery department, Ain Shams university hospital. Method: An interventional study and a prospective SSI surveillance for 12 months (6 months before intervention) and (6 months after intervention) were done; where patients were tracked for 30 days after date of operation for the occurrence of SSI according to CDC Criteria, 2008 for SSI diagnosis. Data were collected through 3 worksheets for patient, surgery characteristics and telephone survey follow up. Intervention for improving air quality was performed by new electronic air decontamination unit beside the conventional ventilation system. Results: The overall incidence rate of SSIs was 24%. SSIs rate and was significantly higher among control group than intervention group. Factors associated with SSIs were absence of chronic illness, discharge after surgery to ICU, contaminated surgical wound class, and long duration of surgery. Conclusion and recommendations: Intervention with electronic filtration device beside the conventional ventilation system is protective against SSIs as it improves air quality in operating rooms. Therefore, stress on the establishment of SSIs surveillance for tracking the incidence rate and addressing the possible controlling factors and more attention should be done to improve air quality in operating room to decrease the incidence of SSIs.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125336143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.202259
A. Mohamed, D. Abdel-Salam, S. Mohamed
Background: With the enhanced life expectancy, the number of elderly persons is constantly increasing. Functional disabilities increase among elderly persons with the growing burden of chronic diseases leading to dependency and affection of performance of daily activities. Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of functional disabilities among elder of various chronic diseases and disabilities, and the relation between chronic diseases and disabilities. Method: The design of the present study was crosssectional. Data collection was done using a semi-structured anonymous questionnaire. SPSS program, version 24 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the studied participants was 67.19±5.94 years. Seventy-three percent of the studied participants had three chronic diseases or more. Most of the respondents had diabetes mellitus (62.3%), hypertension (75.8%), musculoskeletal pain (61.3%), and eye diseases (51.7%). Concerning the prevalence of functional disability, 50.9% and 49.1% of the studied participants were independent and partially dependent, respectively. The significant predictors of functional disability were age > 75 years (odds ratio (OR): 2.06; confidence interval (CI): 1.08-3.91), very low socioeconomic status (OR): 2.64; confidence interval (CI): 2.01–4.80), and number of chronic diseases ≥ 3 (odds ratio (OR): 9.62; confidence interval (CI): 4.39-21.04). Conclusions: The present study showed a significant association between elderly chronic diseases and disabilities. Furthermore, advanced age and very low socioeconomic status were significant determinants of functional disability among the studied participants. Implementation of geriatric health programs is of vital importance for the screening of chronic diseases and disabilities identification.
{"title":"Functional Disability and Their Associated Chronic Diseases among Elderly Patients Attending an Egyptian Family Practice Clinic","authors":"A. Mohamed, D. Abdel-Salam, S. Mohamed","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.202259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.202259","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the enhanced life expectancy, the number of elderly persons is constantly increasing. Functional disabilities increase among elderly persons with the growing burden of chronic diseases leading to dependency and affection of performance of daily activities. Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of functional disabilities among elder of various chronic diseases and disabilities, and the relation between chronic diseases and disabilities. Method: The design of the present study was crosssectional. Data collection was done using a semi-structured anonymous questionnaire. SPSS program, version 24 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the studied participants was 67.19±5.94 years. Seventy-three percent of the studied participants had three chronic diseases or more. Most of the respondents had diabetes mellitus (62.3%), hypertension (75.8%), musculoskeletal pain (61.3%), and eye diseases (51.7%). Concerning the prevalence of functional disability, 50.9% and 49.1% of the studied participants were independent and partially dependent, respectively. The significant predictors of functional disability were age > 75 years (odds ratio (OR): 2.06; confidence interval (CI): 1.08-3.91), very low socioeconomic status (OR): 2.64; confidence interval (CI): 2.01–4.80), and number of chronic diseases ≥ 3 (odds ratio (OR): 9.62; confidence interval (CI): 4.39-21.04). Conclusions: The present study showed a significant association between elderly chronic diseases and disabilities. Furthermore, advanced age and very low socioeconomic status were significant determinants of functional disability among the studied participants. Implementation of geriatric health programs is of vital importance for the screening of chronic diseases and disabilities identification.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127229329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.202264
R. Ali, Eman Nasr Eldin N Hamed, M. A. Al-Torky, Fouad Metry Atia
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease with a fast-growing burden worldwide. Medication adherence is considered a cornerstone in its management and plays a major role in glycemic control and hence prevention of complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the magnitude and predictors of medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sohag, Egypt. Method: a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 diabetic patients who were presented to the outpatient clinics of El-Balyana family medicine center in Sohag for follow up. A structured questionnaire that contains questions about socio-demographic and clinical data of the participants in addition to the Arabic version of Morisky eight-item Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used in data collection Results: Less than half the studied diabetic patients (44.5%) were adherent to therapy. Marital status of the patient, absence of comorbid disease and diabetes complication and being educated frequently about the disease and treatment regimen were the most important predictors of medication adherence detected by the study. Conclusion: The level of medication adherence in the current study is low and sub-optimal, it implies the need for enhancing better education about the disease at short intervals to raise the level of adherence and hence enhance adequate glycemic control among diabetic patients.
{"title":"Medication Adherence and Predictors of Non-Adherence among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sohag, Egypt.","authors":"R. Ali, Eman Nasr Eldin N Hamed, M. A. Al-Torky, Fouad Metry Atia","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.202264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.202264","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease with a fast-growing burden worldwide. Medication adherence is considered a cornerstone in its management and plays a major role in glycemic control and hence prevention of complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the magnitude and predictors of medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sohag, Egypt. Method: a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 diabetic patients who were presented to the outpatient clinics of El-Balyana family medicine center in Sohag for follow up. A structured questionnaire that contains questions about socio-demographic and clinical data of the participants in addition to the Arabic version of Morisky eight-item Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used in data collection Results: Less than half the studied diabetic patients (44.5%) were adherent to therapy. Marital status of the patient, absence of comorbid disease and diabetes complication and being educated frequently about the disease and treatment regimen were the most important predictors of medication adherence detected by the study. Conclusion: The level of medication adherence in the current study is low and sub-optimal, it implies the need for enhancing better education about the disease at short intervals to raise the level of adherence and hence enhance adequate glycemic control among diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116176829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.202266
Hasnaa Khairy, O. el-Gibaly, Shaimaa S. Abdelrheem
Background: Detecting the magnitude and determinants of bullying and victimization among school students is important for starting suitable preventive measures. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of bullying and victimization among school adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students from 10 schools in Aswan city. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics and determinants of bullying and victimization. The frequency of bullying and victimization was measured using the school life survey tool. Results: Prevalence of bullying behavior was high (67.5%) among the studied group, where 30.2% were victims, 29.8% were bully-victims, and 7.5% were bullies. On multinomial logistic regression, family members using weapons (OR=6.2, P=0.003), violent movies (OR=5.52, P=0.003) and school climate (OR=0.857, P=0.001) were the significant predictors for „bully‟ category. Exposure to corporal punishment, bad language and insults in home (OR=2.389, P= 0.006; OR=2.335, P=0.031; OR=2.265, P=0.013 respectively) and school climate (OR=0.939, P=0.02) were the significant predictor for „victim‟ category. Lastly, the significant predictors for being bully-victims were exposure to insults in home (OR=4.313, P<0.001), threatening with weapon among family members (OR=3.999, P=0.02), violent friends (OR=2.592, P=0.009), exposure to bad language in home (OR=2.408, P=0.04), school punishment (OR=2.482, P=0.019) and school climate (OR=0.851, P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of bullying is high among school adolescents in Aswan city. A negative family environment and poor school climate have a role in the student involvement in bullying and victimization, so starting parental educational programs and effective bullying prevention programs in the schools is recommended.
{"title":"Bullying and Victimization among Adolescents in Governmental Schools in Aswan City, Upper Egypt","authors":"Hasnaa Khairy, O. el-Gibaly, Shaimaa S. Abdelrheem","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.202266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.202266","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Detecting the magnitude and determinants of bullying and victimization among school students is important for starting suitable preventive measures. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of bullying and victimization among school adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students from 10 schools in Aswan city. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics and determinants of bullying and victimization. The frequency of bullying and victimization was measured using the school life survey tool. Results: Prevalence of bullying behavior was high (67.5%) among the studied group, where 30.2% were victims, 29.8% were bully-victims, and 7.5% were bullies. On multinomial logistic regression, family members using weapons (OR=6.2, P=0.003), violent movies (OR=5.52, P=0.003) and school climate (OR=0.857, P=0.001) were the significant predictors for „bully‟ category. Exposure to corporal punishment, bad language and insults in home (OR=2.389, P= 0.006; OR=2.335, P=0.031; OR=2.265, P=0.013 respectively) and school climate (OR=0.939, P=0.02) were the significant predictor for „victim‟ category. Lastly, the significant predictors for being bully-victims were exposure to insults in home (OR=4.313, P<0.001), threatening with weapon among family members (OR=3.999, P=0.02), violent friends (OR=2.592, P=0.009), exposure to bad language in home (OR=2.408, P=0.04), school punishment (OR=2.482, P=0.019) and school climate (OR=0.851, P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of bullying is high among school adolescents in Aswan city. A negative family environment and poor school climate have a role in the student involvement in bullying and victimization, so starting parental educational programs and effective bullying prevention programs in the schools is recommended.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125393915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.202263
H. Gabr, A. Elhadad, S. A. Raouf, Ghadeer M El, Sheikh
Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a burdensome disorder which is increasingly becoming the focus of interest in adolescent psychiatry due to its impact on the quality of life. Objective: to assess the prevalence and associated factors of obsessivecompulsive disorder in Egyptian adolescents. Method: A nested case control study (cross sectional study followed by case control study) was conducted on 1574 students from Menoufia governorate, Egypt. The participants were selected from secondary schools using multistage random sample. OCD was diagnosed using Yale-Brown ObsessiveCompulsive Scale. Arabic version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV was used to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in cases with OCD. Results: The prevalence of OCD was 3.24%. There was a statistically significant difference between OCD cases and control, being higher in urban areas (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.09–5.43), high socioeconomic standard (SES) (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.24–7.06), positive family history (OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.91–10.11) and the absence of close friend (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.00–4.91). There was non-significant statistical difference between OCD cases and control regarding total IQ score and verbal IQ, but the performance IQ (PIQ) showed significant difference between the two groups being lower in OCD cases. On logistic regression, the predictors for OCD were high SES, positive family history, absence of close friend and low PIQ. Conclusion: OCD was found to be prevalent among adolescents. Urban residence, high SES, positive family history, the absence of close friend and low PIQ were significantly associated with OCD.
背景:强迫症(OCD)是一种负担沉重的疾病，由于其对生活质量的影响而日益成为青少年精神病学关注的焦点。目的:了解埃及青少年强迫症的患病率及相关因素。方法:对埃及Menoufia省1574名学生进行巢式病例对照研究(横断面研究后病例对照研究)。研究对象采用多阶段随机抽样的方法从中学中抽取。强迫症诊断采用耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表。使用阿拉伯语版韦氏成人智力量表- iv来测量强迫症患者的智力和认知能力。结果:强迫症的患病率为3.24%。OCD病例与对照组之间的差异有统计学意义，在城市地区(OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.09-5.43)、高社会经济标准(OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.24-7.06)、阳性家族史(OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.91-10.11)和缺乏亲密朋友(OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.00-4.91)中较高。强迫症组与对照组在总智商和语言智商方面差异无统计学意义，但在行为智商(PIQ)方面差异有统计学意义，强迫症组较低。logistic回归分析显示，高社会经济地位、阳性家族史、缺乏亲密朋友和低智商是强迫症的预测因素。结论:强迫症在青少年中普遍存在。城市居住、高社会经济地位、阳性家族史、缺乏亲密朋友和低PIQ与强迫症有显著相关。
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Egyptian Adolescents","authors":"H. Gabr, A. Elhadad, S. A. Raouf, Ghadeer M El, Sheikh","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.202263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.202263","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a burdensome disorder which is increasingly becoming the focus of interest in adolescent psychiatry due to its impact on the quality of life. Objective: to assess the prevalence and associated factors of obsessivecompulsive disorder in Egyptian adolescents. Method: A nested case control study (cross sectional study followed by case control study) was conducted on 1574 students from Menoufia governorate, Egypt. The participants were selected from secondary schools using multistage random sample. OCD was diagnosed using Yale-Brown ObsessiveCompulsive Scale. Arabic version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV was used to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in cases with OCD. Results: The prevalence of OCD was 3.24%. There was a statistically significant difference between OCD cases and control, being higher in urban areas (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.09–5.43), high socioeconomic standard (SES) (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.24–7.06), positive family history (OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.91–10.11) and the absence of close friend (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.00–4.91). There was non-significant statistical difference between OCD cases and control regarding total IQ score and verbal IQ, but the performance IQ (PIQ) showed significant difference between the two groups being lower in OCD cases. On logistic regression, the predictors for OCD were high SES, positive family history, absence of close friend and low PIQ. Conclusion: OCD was found to be prevalent among adolescents. Urban residence, high SES, positive family history, the absence of close friend and low PIQ were significantly associated with OCD.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126274883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2021.187675
M. Hamed, Noha O. Ferer, H. Nofal
Background: Many nutritionists suggest that preschool children have the highest exposure to food additives which are an essential element in the spread of snaking culture and are often responsible for the increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To assess the magnitude and the pattern of food additives consumption among preschool children and to assess knowledge and attitude towards E-numbers and food additives among mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 514 preschool children. a structured questionnaire was designed to assess food additives consumption, knowledge, and attitude of mothers toward food additive, also food labels of 60 marketed products were analysed. Results: This survey revealed that daily food additives consumption was found among 15% of the studied children, 30% of food products contain two or three additives belonging to dairy, meat products, and crisps, the citric acid (E330) was found in all selected food categories except in dairy and meat products. 72% of the participants’ mothers had poor knowledge of food additives, knowledge level was increased with higher Socioeconomic status. There was a significant negative correlation between Socioeconomic status, total knowledge of mothers, and food additives consumption. Conclusion: Daily food additives consumption is related to poor knowledge and negative attitudes of mothers which should be defeated by consumer educational programs on food additives.
{"title":"The pattern of Food Additives Consumption among Preschool Children and Knowledge and Attitude of their mothers in Al Sharkia Governorate, Egypt","authors":"M. Hamed, Noha O. Ferer, H. Nofal","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.187675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.187675","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many nutritionists suggest that preschool children have the highest exposure to food additives which are an essential element in the spread of snaking culture and are often responsible for the increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To assess the magnitude and the pattern of food additives consumption among preschool children and to assess knowledge and attitude towards E-numbers and food additives among mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 514 preschool children. a structured questionnaire was designed to assess food additives consumption, knowledge, and attitude of mothers toward food additive, also food labels of 60 marketed products were analysed. Results: This survey revealed that daily food additives consumption was found among 15% of the studied children, 30% of food products contain two or three additives belonging to dairy, meat products, and crisps, the citric acid (E330) was found in all selected food categories except in dairy and meat products. 72% of the participants’ mothers had poor knowledge of food additives, knowledge level was increased with higher Socioeconomic status. There was a significant negative correlation between Socioeconomic status, total knowledge of mothers, and food additives consumption. Conclusion: Daily food additives consumption is related to poor knowledge and negative attitudes of mothers which should be defeated by consumer educational programs on food additives.","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130243777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Iodine is observed as one of the most important trace elements in the human body, which is considered very essential during the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency in humans can cause several diseases or problems, which include spontaneous abortion, increased infant mortality, cretinism, goiter, and mental defects. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practices of women toward the iodized salt. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using a pre-tested structured interview questionnaire. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select the study population which was 1789 women. Results: 55.4% of women reported a good knowledge score. Residence, history of thyroid disease, increasing level of education, and hearing about iodized salt were the significant predictors associated with good knowledge with odds ratios of 1.116, 2.405, 4.344 and 11.872 respectively. Conclusion: Although most of our studied participants (87.1%) were using iodized salt, however knowledge about iodine and iodized salt was not satisfactory and many of the participants had improper practices related to the iodized salt usage
{"title":"Iodized salt, knowledge versus practice among females in Fayum governorate","authors":"Safaa, Khamis, Hassan, Nashwa, Sayed, Hamed, Shimaa, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mabrouk","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2021.187678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2021.187678","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iodine is observed as one of the most important trace elements in the human body, which is considered very essential during the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency in humans can cause several diseases or problems, which include spontaneous abortion, increased infant mortality, cretinism, goiter, and mental defects. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practices of women toward the iodized salt. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using a pre-tested structured interview questionnaire. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select the study population which was 1789 women. Results: 55.4% of women reported a good knowledge score. Residence, history of thyroid disease, increasing level of education, and hearing about iodized salt were the significant predictors associated with good knowledge with odds ratios of 1.116, 2.405, 4.344 and 11.872 respectively. Conclusion: Although most of our studied participants (87.1%) were using iodized salt, however knowledge about iodine and iodized salt was not satisfactory and many of the participants had improper practices related to the iodized salt usage","PeriodicalId":339981,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122086666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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