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Survey on cyber security of CAV CAV网络安全调查
Pub Date : 2017-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075153
Qiyi He, Xiaolin Meng, Rong Qu
With the ever fast developments of technologies in science and engineering, it is believed that CAV (connected and autonomous vehicles) will come into our daily life soon. CAV could be used in many different aspects in our lives such as public transportation and agriculture, and so on. Although CAV will bring huge benefits to our lives and society, issues such as cyber security threats, which may reveal drivers' private information or even pose threat to driver's life, present significant challenges before CAV can be utilised in our society. In computer science, there is a clear category of cyber security attacks while there is no specific survey on cyber security of CAV. This paper overviews different passive and active cyber security attacks which may be faced by CAV. We also present solutions of each of these attacks based on the current state-of-the-art, and discuss future improvements in research on CAV cyber security.
随着科学和工程技术的快速发展,相信CAV(联网和自动驾驶汽车)很快就会进入我们的日常生活。自动驾驶汽车可以应用于我们生活中的许多不同方面,如公共交通和农业等。尽管自动驾驶汽车将给我们的生活和社会带来巨大的好处,但网络安全威胁等问题可能会泄露驾驶员的私人信息,甚至对驾驶员的生命构成威胁,这对自动驾驶汽车在我们社会中的应用提出了重大挑战。在计算机科学中,网络安全攻击有一个明确的分类,而CAV的网络安全并没有具体的调查。本文概述了CAV可能面临的被动和主动网络安全攻击。我们还根据当前最先进的技术提出了这些攻击的解决方案,并讨论了CAV网络安全研究的未来改进。
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引用次数: 21
A position self-calibration method in multilateration 一种多倍体定位自标定方法
Pub Date : 2017-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075105
Lin Yunsong, Peng Liangfu
This paper presents a self-calibration method for estimating receiver position errors using TDOA measurements for targets with unknown positions. The method uses two LS minimization steps to estimate the related receiver position errors. The method estimates the initial TDOA LS for the unknown target position with the measured receiver positions. A second weighted LS using the total differential of the TDOA equations estimates the related receiver position error. Therefore, the estimated receiver position error can be used to modify the measurement of the receiver positions. Computer simulations demonstrate the statistical performance of this method, and the results of Table IV show that the related receiver position errors estimated meet the multilateration (MLAT) requirements.
提出了一种利用未知位置目标的TDOA测量值估计接收机位置误差的自校准方法。该方法采用两个LS最小化步骤来估计相关的接收机位置误差。该方法利用实测的接收机位置估计未知目标位置的初始TDOA LS。利用TDOA方程的总微分进行二次加权LS估计相关的接收机位置误差。因此,估计的接收机位置误差可以用来修正接收机位置的测量。计算机仿真验证了该方法的统计性能,表4的结果表明,估计的相关接收机位置误差满足multilateration (MLAT)要求。
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引用次数: 0
An optimal weighted least squares RAIM algorithm 一种最优加权最小二乘RAIM算法
Pub Date : 2017-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075109
Z. Hongyu, H. Li, Li Jing
For the problem of missed detection and false detection of receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) in global navigation satellite system (GNSS), the principle of least squares residuals RAIM algorithm is introduced, the reasons of missed detection and false detection are analyzed based on the geometry structure of user and satellites, and an optimal weighted least squares RAIM algorithm is proposed to rationalize the relationship between the test statistic and positioning errors and enhance the effect of fault detection in this article. The experimental results based on GPS/BDS multi-constellation show that the novel optimized algorithm can reduce the probability of false detection effectively in meeting the requirement of the probability of missed detection and improve the performance in fault detection and achieve the LPV-200 performance indicators effectually.
针对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)中接收机自主完整性监测(RAIM)的漏检和误检问题,介绍了最小二乘残差RAIM算法的原理,并基于用户和卫星的几何结构分析了漏检和误检的原因。提出了一种最优加权最小二乘RAIM算法,使检测统计量与定位误差之间的关系合理化,提高了故障检测的效果。基于GPS/BDS多星座的实验结果表明,该优化算法在满足漏检概率要求的情况下有效降低了误检概率,提高了故障检测性能,有效实现了LPV-200性能指标。
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引用次数: 3
Research on underwater sound velocity calculation, error correction and positioning algorithms 水下声速计算、误差校正与定位算法研究
Pub Date : 2017-05-19 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075094
R. Gao, Tianhe Xu, Qingsong Ai
In this paper, the principle and algorithm of acoustic velocity calculation, sound velocity error correction and underwater acoustic positioning are presented. The acoustic velocity of sea water is calculated by the indirect methods, that is, the velocity of sound is calculated according to the depth, temperature and salinity. Acoustic velocity empirical models including Dell Grosso, Leroy, Mackenzie and other 6 models are introduced and compared. In this paper, we calculate the sound speed and make a numerical analysis based on the real-time observation data of China Argo buoy. A weighted average method for sound velocity error correction is used. An error calculation model for simulation data is proposed based on the principle of the sound velocity error amplification with the increase of propagation distance. The theory and algorithm of underwater positioning are introduced. The feasibility and stability of the under positioning software are verified by simulating data. The results showed that using the weighted average velocity correction, the sound velocity positioning accuracy can reach sub-decimeter level in x direction and decimeter level in the y and z directions.
本文介绍了声速计算、声速误差校正和水声定位的原理和算法。海水声速的计算采用间接法,即根据水深、温度和盐度计算声速。介绍并比较了Dell Grosso、Leroy、Mackenzie等6种声速经验模型。本文利用中国Argo浮标的实时观测数据,对声速进行了计算和数值分析。采用加权平均法对声速误差进行校正。基于声速误差随传播距离增大而增大的原理,提出了仿真数据的误差计算模型。介绍了水下定位的原理和算法。仿真数据验证了该定位软件的可行性和稳定性。结果表明,采用加权平均速度校正,声速定位精度在x方向上可达到亚分米级,在y和z方向上可达到分米级。
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引用次数: 4
Plug-and-play measurement fusion method for integrated navigation system using low-cost nonlinear optimization 基于低成本非线性优化的组合导航系统即插即用测量融合方法
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075098
Lingxiao Zheng, X. Zhan, Xin Zhang
This paper addresses the problem of plug and play measurement fusion for integrated navigation system using nonlinear optimization method. We refer to multi-sensor fusion estimation as a sequential, weighted least squares problem. Using fluid re-linearization and partial state updates strategies to reduce computational burden, we propose a low cost nonlinear optimization algorithm. This algorithm not only processes multirate and asynchronous sensor data, but also provides a natural way to incorporate a new sensor or an ad hoc signal into the system. The proposed multi-sensor fusion estimation algorithm has been successfully implemented in integrated navigation with inertial measurement unit, global position system and star sensor.
本文采用非线性优化方法解决了组合导航系统即插即用测量融合问题。我们把多传感器融合估计看作是一个顺序的加权最小二乘问题。为了减少计算量,采用流体再线性化和部分状态更新策略,提出了一种低成本的非线性优化算法。该算法不仅处理多速率和异步传感器数据,而且还提供了一种将新传感器或自组织信号纳入系统的自然方法。所提出的多传感器融合估计算法已成功应用于惯性测量单元、全球定位系统和星敏感器组合导航中。
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引用次数: 0
Foot-mounted INS and selected geomagnetic information constraint for individual localization 脚踏式惯性导航系统和选择地磁信息约束进行个体定位
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075147
Wang Duo, Pan Xianfei, Huang Xiaoping, He Xiaofeng
A pedestrian positioning method aided by magnetic heading is proposed so as to investigate a pedestrian autonomous navigation and positioning method. This method mainly employs the information from an accelerator, gyroscope and Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) based on gait detection. Besides, geomagnetic information is used to estimate the initial heading and to calibrate the headings during the walk. The result shows that the accuracy of estimated position is effectively improved by fusing the inertial and geomagnetic information. Additionally, this paper presents the cause of magnetic heading error and its solution. By rectangular path test and the figure “8” shape path test, the proposed algorithm is proved to be valid compared with traditional pedestrian positioning method. This method owns a wide engineering application value.
为了研究一种行人自主导航定位方法,提出了一种磁航向辅助行人定位方法。该方法主要利用加速器、陀螺仪和基于步态检测的零速度更新(ZUPT)的信息。此外,利用地磁信息估计初始航向,并在行走过程中对航向进行标定。结果表明,通过融合惯性和地磁信息,有效地提高了定位精度。此外,还介绍了磁航向误差产生的原因及解决方法。通过矩形路径测试和“8”字形路径测试,与传统的行人定位方法相比,证明了该算法的有效性。该方法具有广泛的工程应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
GNSS-R software receiver and its preliminary experimental results GNSS-R软件接收机及其初步实验结果
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075117
Shiwei Wang, Shuzhu Shi, B. Ni
A Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) software receiver and its preliminary experimental results are presented in this paper. The antenna system, the radio frequency analog front-end, and the digital signal processing unit of this receiver are described in detail. With this software receiver, various algorithms and theoretical models can be verified for different remote sensing applications. Furthermore, preliminary experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of this receiver. The experimental results demonstrate that the Global Position System (GPS) satellites can be correctly acquired and tracked with this receiver, and that the calculated location parameters of the receiver, when four GPS satellites are tracked, are consistent with those provided by the Google map. In addition, when this receiver is used for the soil moisture retrieval, a measure error of about 5.79% can be achieved when compared with the measure results given by the soil moisture meter.
本文介绍了一种全球导航卫星系统反射计(GNSS-R)软件接收机及其初步实验结果。详细介绍了该接收机的天线系统、射频模拟前端和数字信号处理单元。利用该软件接收机,可以针对不同的遥感应用验证各种算法和理论模型。此外,还对该接收机的性能进行了初步的实验评估。实验结果表明,该接收机可以正确地获取和跟踪全球定位系统(GPS)卫星,并且在跟踪4颗GPS卫星时,计算出的接收机位置参数与谷歌地图提供的位置参数一致。此外,当该接收器用于土壤水分检索时,与土壤水分计给出的测量结果相比,测量误差约为5.79%。
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引用次数: 0
A new regional tropospheric delay correction model based on BP neural network 一种新的基于BP神经网络的区域对流层延迟校正模型
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075104
Yuguo Yang, Tianhe Xu, L. Ren
Tropospheric delay is an important error source in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, navigation and timing. The global empirical models are unable to provide sufficient accuracy for the precise positioning with the increasing demand of precision. In this paper, we utilize the UNB3m model to determine accurate temperature, pressure and relative humidity which can be used to calculate zenith total delay of local area, and use GA-BP model to correct the residual errors by taking the estimated tropospheric delay from BERNESE 5.2 as a reference, then develop a new regional tropospheric delay model of “UNB3m+GA-BP” based on BP neural network. The numerical example by using Hong Kong GNSS data shows that the UNB3m+GA-BP model has improved the accuracy obviously compared to the UNB3m and GTP2 model. The accuracy of the proposed model is about 1.1 cm without systematic error. UNB3m+GA-BP model can better describe the spatial variation of regional troposphere and is suitable for real-time regional tropospheric delay correction.
对流层时延是全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)定位、导航和授时中的一个重要误差源。随着对精度要求的不断提高,全球经验模型无法为精确定位提供足够的精度。本文利用UNB3m模型确定可用于计算局部区域天顶总延迟的精确温度、压力和相对湿度,并利用GA-BP模型以BERNESE 5.2估算的对流层延迟为参考,对残差进行校正,建立了基于BP神经网络的“UNB3m+GA-BP”区域对流层延迟模型。利用香港GNSS数据的数值算例表明,与UNB3m和GTP2模型相比,UNB3m+GA-BP模型的精度有明显提高。该模型的精度约为1.1 cm,无系统误差。UNB3m+GA-BP模式能较好地描述区域对流层的空间变化,适用于实时区域对流层延迟校正。
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引用次数: 2
Real-time precise timing using GNSS carrier phase observation from single receiver 利用单个接收机的GNSS载波相位观测实现实时精确授时
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075096
Pengfei Zhang, R. Tu, Yuping Gao, Na Liu, Cheng-shi Zhao
Precise timing by the technique of GNSS common view is proven to be an effective technique with the accuracy of nanosecond level in real-time mode. The timing technique of carrier phase is also applied in post mode with the accuracy of sub-nanosecond level, but the real-time mode still has little explicit research. In this study, we develop the precise timing algorithm of carrier phase to investigate timing performance o in real-time mode. The four stations from the International GNSS Service (IGS) data network are processed, which are equipped high performance external time frequency. And then three kinds of satellite orbit and clock products with its corresponding accuracy and latency are applied into the timing algorithm for investigate the timing accuracy with different time latency. The RMS is achieved with 0.35ns level by the IGS rapid satellite orbit and clock product, and then the prediction of the IGS ultra rapid product is about 0.52ns.
在实时模式下,利用GNSS共视技术进行精确授时是一种有效的技术,其精度达到纳秒级。载波相位定时技术也应用于后置模式,精度达到亚纳秒级,但对实时模式的研究还很少。在本研究中,我们开发了载波相位的精确定时算法来研究实时模式下的定时性能。对国际GNSS服务(IGS)数据网的4个台站进行了处理,配备了高性能的外时频。然后将三种卫星轨道和时钟产品及其相应的精度和时延应用到授时算法中,研究不同时延下的授时精度。利用IGS快速卫星轨道和时钟产品实现了0.35ns水平的均方根,进而预测IGS超快速产品约为0.52ns。
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引用次数: 0
Improved innovation-based adaptive estimation for measurement noise uncertainty in SINS/GNSS integration system 基于改进创新的SINS/GNSS集成系统测量噪声不确定度自适应估计
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075091
Wei Gao, Jingchun Li, Ya Zhang, Guochen Wang, Xuran Sun
The Kalman filter (KF) is the most common method for the estimation problems of the integrated SINS/GNSS system, but its performance depends on the correct a priori knowledge of model dynamics and noise statistics. The GNSS measurement noise uncertainties will degrade the performance of the KF for the fixed measurement noise covariance matrix. To fulfill the accuracy requirements of the dynamic system, an improved innovation-based adaptive estimation (IAE) algorithm is proposed. Based on the IAE principle, a regulatory factor is introduced into the calculation of the gain matrix to solve the singular value problem during the matrix inverse operation, and cut down the estimation errors caused by measurement noise uncertainties. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by the Monte-Carlo simulations in the SINS/GNSS integration system and significant improvements on the filter performance have been achieved.
卡尔曼滤波(KF)是解决SINS/GNSS综合系统估计问题最常用的方法,但其性能取决于模型动力学和噪声统计的正确先验知识。对于固定的测量噪声协方差矩阵,GNSS测量噪声的不确定性会降低KF的性能。为了满足动态系统的精度要求,提出了一种改进的基于创新的自适应估计(IAE)算法。基于IAE原理,在增益矩阵的计算中引入调节因子,解决了矩阵逆运算中的奇异值问题,降低了测量噪声不确定性带来的估计误差。通过在SINS/GNSS集成系统中的蒙特卡罗仿真,对该算法的性能进行了评价,结果表明该算法的滤波性能得到了显著改善。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2017 Forum on Cooperative Positioning and Service (CPGPS)
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