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2017 Forum on Cooperative Positioning and Service (CPGPS)最新文献

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Human factors considerations for cooperative positioning using positioning, navigational and sensor feedback to calibrate trust in CAVs 利用定位、导航和传感器反馈校准自动驾驶汽车信任度的协同定位中的人为因素考虑
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075111
George Filip, Xiaolin Meng, G. Burnett, C. Harvey
Given the complexities involved in the sensing, navigational and positioning environment on board automated vehicles we conduct an exploratory survey and identify factors capable of influencing the users' trust in such system. After the analysis of the survey data, the Situational Awareness of the Vehicle (SAV) emerges as an important factor capable of influencing the trust of the users. We follow up on that by conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in the CAV field, focusing on the importance of the SAV, on the factors that are most important when talking about it as well as the need to keep the users informed regarding its status. We conclude that in the context of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs), the importance of the SAV can now be expanded beyond its technical necessity of making vehicles function to a human factors area: calibrating users' trust.
鉴于自动驾驶车辆上的传感、导航和定位环境的复杂性,我们进行了一项探索性调查,并确定了能够影响用户对该系统信任的因素。通过对调查数据的分析,车辆态势感知(SAV)成为影响用户信任的重要因素。在此基础上,我们对12位CAV领域的专家进行了半结构化访谈,重点关注SAV的重要性,讨论SAV时最重要的因素,以及让用户了解其状态的必要性。我们的结论是,在联网和自动驾驶汽车(cav)的背景下,SAV的重要性现在可以从使车辆发挥作用的技术必要性扩展到人为因素领域:校准用户的信任。
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引用次数: 3
Comparison of the ionospheric peak parameters retrieved from COSMIC RO and ionosondes under geomagnetic disturbed conditions 地磁扰动条件下COSMIC RO与电离层探空仪电离层峰值参数的比较
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075101
Jia Luo, F. Sun, Xiaohua Xu
In this paper, we present a comparison between the ionospheric peak parameters (NmF2 and hmF2) derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation (RO) data and that derived from observations of ionosondes which are located in geomagnetic equatorial regions under geomagnetic disturbed conditions. In order to carry out a statistic analysis over large sample sizes, all matched pairs from COSMIC and 11 ionosonde stations between April 2006 and December 2016 under geomagnetic disturbed conditions with Kp index >3+ are studied at first. Our results demonstrate high correlations of F2 layer peak parameters obtained from the two techniques and the correlation of NmF2 is better than hmF2. We further classify the matched pairs into three groups corresponding to Kp =4, Kp=5, and Kp>=6−. It is found that as the intensity of geomagnetic activities increases, the correlation of NmF2 derived from the two techniques decreases and the relative difference of NmF2 between COSMIC and ionosondes increases. COSMIC tends to underestimate NmF2 and the amount of the underestimation increases with the increased intensity of geomagnetic activities whereas hmF2 derived from COSMIC RO are usually higher than ionosonde ones.
本文比较了气象、电离层和气候星座观测系统(COSMIC)无线电掩星(RO)数据与地磁扰动条件下赤道地磁区电离层探空仪观测数据的电离层峰值参数(NmF2和hmF2)。为了进行大样本的统计分析,首先研究了2006年4月至2016年12月在地磁干扰条件下,COSMIC和11个电离层监测站在Kp指数>.3 +下的所有匹配对。结果表明,两种方法得到的F2层峰参数具有较高的相关性,且NmF2的相关性优于hmF2。我们进一步将匹配对分为三组,分别对应于Kp= 4, Kp=5和Kp>=6−。结果表明,随着地磁活动强度的增大,两种方法得到的NmF2的相关性减小,COSMIC与电离空探测NmF2的相对差值增大。COSMIC RO有低估NmF2的倾向,且低估程度随地磁活动强度的增加而增加,而由COSMIC RO得到的hmF2通常高于电离空探空所得。
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引用次数: 2
Loosely coupled visual odometry aided inertial navigation system using discrete extended Kalman filter with pairwise time correlated measurements 采用离散扩展卡尔曼滤波和两两时间相关测量的松耦合视觉里程辅助惯性导航系统
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075140
N. Gopaul, Jianguo Wang, Baoxin Hu
This paper presents an algorithm for processing pairwise time-correlated measurements in a Kalman filter where the measurement vector at an epoch is correlated only with the measurement vector at the epoch before. Time-correlated errors are usually modelled by a shaping filter, which is here realized using Cholesky factors as coefficients derived from the variance and covariance matrices of the measurement noise vectors. Results with the simulated data show that the proposed approach performs better than the existing ones and provides more realistic covariance estimates. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm was applied to visual odometry aided-INS and the results show an improvement of 7% in the position drifts in comparison with the conventional shaping filter.
本文提出了一种卡尔曼滤波中两两时间相关测量的处理算法,其中一个历元的测量向量只与前一个历元的测量向量相关。时间相关误差通常由整形滤波器建模,该滤波器使用Cholesky因子作为从测量噪声矢量的方差和协方差矩阵中导出的系数来实现。仿真结果表明,该方法的性能优于现有的协方差估计方法,并能提供更真实的协方差估计。将该算法应用于视觉里程计辅助惯导系统中,结果表明,与传统整形滤波器相比,该算法的位置漂移改善了7%。
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引用次数: 2
Adaptive multi-position sensor information fusion method based on AR model 基于AR模型的自适应多位置传感器信息融合方法
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075088
Dai Hai-fa, Ma Heng, Bian Hong-wei, Wan Rong-ying
Based on the problem of the difficulty to set up the precise models for the information fuse method which bases on the Kalman filters, a new method based on the autoregression (AR) model is put forward in this paper. This method is one of the time series analysis methods, which uses the temporal correlation between the errors data to set up the AR model, and then the estimation results are utilized to fuse the location information; To detect and isolate the information fault timely, this paper suggests the fault detection and isolation method based on maximum solution separation; Finally, the feasibility of the algorithm is verified by the data collected from the actual sensors.
针对基于卡尔曼滤波的信息融合方法难以建立精确模型的问题,提出了一种基于自回归(AR)模型的信息融合方法。该方法是一种时间序列分析方法,利用误差数据之间的时间相关性建立AR模型,然后利用估计结果融合位置信息;为了及时检测和隔离信息故障,本文提出了基于最大解分离的故障检测与隔离方法;最后,通过实际传感器采集的数据验证了算法的可行性。
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引用次数: 1
GNSS spoofing localization based on differential code phase 基于差分码相位的GNSS欺骗定位
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075151
Zhenjun Zhang, X. Zhan, Yan-hua Zhang
Spoofing is a great threat to GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) based applications. Many effective spoofing detection methods have been proposed, while few effort is paid to spoofing localization, which is of equally importance. GNSS interference localization is mainly based on TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) estimations and one widely adopted method to measure the TDOA is based on signal cross-correlation. This paper proposes a differential code phase (DCP) based technique to estimate the spoofing TDOA. The TDOA is estimated as the ratio between DCP and spoofing code frequency. The DCP based TDOA model and its estimation error model are mathematically formulated. Also, the performance comparison between the DCP based and the widely used cross-correlation based TDOA techniques is conducted based on simulation results. Results show the DCP based method can be more accurate in TDOA estimation.
欺骗是全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)应用的一大威胁。人们提出了许多有效的欺骗检测方法,但对欺骗定位的研究却很少,而欺骗定位同样重要。GNSS干扰定位主要基于TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival)估计,目前广泛采用的一种测量TDOA的方法是基于信号互相关。提出了一种基于差分码相位(DCP)的欺骗TDOA估计方法。TDOA估计为DCP与欺骗码频率之比。建立了基于DCP的TDOA模型及其估计误差模型。在仿真结果的基础上,对基于DCP的TDOA技术和广泛应用的基于互相关的TDOA技术进行了性能比较。结果表明,基于DCP的方法可以更准确地估计TDOA。
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引用次数: 2
A swing online calibration method of ship-based FOG-IMU 一种舰载FOG-IMU摆动在线标定方法
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075093
Chang Jiachong, Duan Dezhi, Yu Fei, Zhang Ya, Fan Shiwei
The system error parameters of fiber optic gyroscope inertial measurement unit (FOG-IMU) may change due to various disturbances, especially when the ship is in long-term sailing. Therefore, the independent online calibration is particularly important. In this paper, a swing online calibration method is designed, making full use of the swing motion caused by the waves on the sea, and the system parameters of the inertial device are calibrated in real time. First, the model of the inertial device is established. Then the Kalman filter based state equation and observation equation are determined. Finally, system error parameters are estimated and compensated according to the ship swing calibration path. The calibration errors are updated as well. At this time, the system parameters can be calibrated and iterated repeatedly. So the filter updates the data once again to improve the navigation accuracy, which makes it possible to recalibrate the FOG-IMU without disassembling the inertial device.
光纤陀螺仪惯性测量单元(FOG-IMU)的系统误差参数会因各种干扰而发生变化,特别是在船舶长期航行时。因此,独立在线标定就显得尤为重要。本文设计了一种摆动在线标定方法,充分利用海面波浪引起的摆动运动,对惯性装置的系统参数进行实时标定。首先,建立了惯性装置的模型。然后确定了基于卡尔曼滤波的状态方程和观测方程。最后,根据舰船摆动标定路径对系统误差参数进行估计和补偿。校正误差也进行了更新。此时,可以对系统参数进行校准和反复迭代。因此,滤波器对数据进行二次更新,提高了导航精度,使得在不拆卸惯性装置的情况下对陀螺-惯性单元进行重新标定成为可能。
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引用次数: 2
Quality analysis of observation data of the new Beidou II navigation satellites 新型北斗二号导航卫星观测数据质量分析
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075136
Gao Yuting, Wang Li, Zhang Qin, Huang Guanwen, Xue Kang
Four new BDS II satellites have been launched which are named C31 (IGSO), C32 (IGSO), C33 (MEO) and C34 (MEO) separately. Their data qualities would affect the process of BDS globalization directly. In order to analyze the observation data quality of new navigation satellites, four indexes have been processed which contain data integrity rate, multipath, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and cycle slip ratio. The OBSQC software was developed to process the iGMAS data from September 8, 2016 to October 8, 2016. The experiment results show that the B1 and B3 data integrity rates of new navigation satellites are better than 95%. The SNR results of the new IGSO satellites are better than that of the IGSO working satellites while the SNR results of the new MEO satellites are quite similar to that of the MEO working satellites. In addition, the SNR values of the MEO satellites are better than that of the GPS MEO satellites. As for the multipath error, the results of the new navigation satellites are slightly better than that of the BDS working satellites and the GPS satellites.
四颗新的BDS II卫星已经发射,分别命名为C31 (IGSO), C32 (IGSO), C33 (MEO)和C34 (MEO)。其数据质量将直接影响北斗系统全球化进程。为了分析新型导航卫星的观测数据质量,对数据完整性、多径、信噪比和周跳率4个指标进行了处理。OBSQC软件用于处理2016年9月8日至2016年10月8日的iGMAS数据。实验结果表明,新型导航卫星的B1和B3数据完整性率均优于95%。新IGSO卫星的信噪比结果优于IGSO工作卫星,新MEO卫星的信噪比结果与MEO工作卫星的信噪比结果相当接近。此外,MEO卫星的信噪比优于GPS MEO卫星。在多径误差方面,新型导航卫星的结果略优于北斗工作卫星和GPS卫星。
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引用次数: 0
A fast acquisition algorithm of GNSS receiver based on SFFT 基于SFFT的GNSS接收机快速采集算法
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075106
Dingjie Xu, Sida Chen, F. Shen, Guochen Wang, Yue Zhang
Acquisition and reacquisition relate to GNSS receiver performance directly. In many environments we need faster acquisition. So we design a sparse fast Fourier transform algorithm that can be used in satellite signal receiver. This algorithm mainly includes three steps. To begin with, we use window function to filter signal. Moreover, we hash Fourier coefficients to different “frequency bucket”. Perform location and valuation estimating at last. Using this algorithm we can calculate k maximum Fourier coefficients quickly. This algorithm has simple structure and run time is sub-linear compared with signal length. According to the characteristic we designed an acquisition method using SFFT to replace normal FFT. Finally, simulation result shows that the algorithm can substantially reduce complex computation under normal signal noise ratio.
采集和再采集直接关系到GNSS接收机的性能。在许多环境中,我们需要更快的获取。为此,我们设计了一种可用于卫星信号接收机的稀疏快速傅里叶变换算法。该算法主要包括三个步骤。首先,我们使用窗函数对信号进行滤波。此外,我们将傅里叶系数散列到不同的“频率桶”。最后进行选址和估价。利用该算法可以快速计算出k个最大傅立叶系数。该算法结构简单,运行时间相对于信号长度是次线性的。根据其特点,设计了一种用SFFT代替普通FFT的采集方法。最后,仿真结果表明,在正常信噪比下,该算法可以大大减少复杂的计算量。
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引用次数: 4
New algorithm for multiple satellite faults detection and exclusion based on time series prediction 基于时间序列预测的多卫星故障检测与排除新算法
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075152
Lang Qin, Qianqian Zhang
A new algorithm for multiple satellite faults detection and exclusion is proposed based on the prediction theories of time series analysis. Firstly, the observations of each satellite are modeled by an autoregressive moving average (ARMA). The model above is equivalent to a filter, which can reduce the noise errors of the observations and finally can enhance the identification ability of the algorithm in small faults. Secondly, based on the model, the test statistic is established by using the statistical characteristic of the prediction residual. If the prediction error in some epoch deviates from its normal range, we conclude that the observation in this epoch contains fault. Thirdly, in order to evaluate the performance of the algorithm objectively, a method for computing the exact probabilities of missed detection is designed so that a quantitative analysis method is proposed for the evaluation of the new algorithm. Finally, we validate the effects of the new algorithm by the users in the global range under the four constellations of BDS, GPS, Galileo and GLONASS. It is shown that the algorithms proposed by this paper can handle the isolated fault or the multiple faults under the single or multiple constellations.
基于时间序列分析的预测理论,提出了一种新的多卫星故障检测与排除算法。首先,利用自回归移动平均(ARMA)对每颗卫星的观测数据进行建模。上述模型相当于一个滤波器,可以降低观测值的噪声误差,最终增强算法对小故障的识别能力。其次,在模型的基础上,利用预测残差的统计特性建立检验统计量;如果某一历元的预测误差偏离其正常范围,则认为该历元的观测存在断层。第三,为了客观地评价算法的性能,设计了一种计算漏检概率的精确方法,为评价新算法提出了一种定量分析方法。最后,在BDS、GPS、Galileo和GLONASS四个星座的全球范围内对新算法的效果进行了验证。结果表明,本文提出的算法可以处理单星座或多星座下的孤立故障或多发故障。
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引用次数: 0
A method for SINS initial alignment of large misalignment angles based on simplified sage-husa filter with parameters resetting 一种基于参数重置的简化塞氏滤波器的捷联惯导系统大不对准角初始对准方法
Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/CPGPS.2017.8075139
Haobo Li, Jian Wang, Shida Wang, Xixiang Liu
The SINS initial alignment with large initial misalignment angles often causes alignment failures when using the standard Kalman filter (KF). In this study, an adaptive alignment method of multi-resetting the state covariance matrix of simplified Sage-Husa adaptive filter was proposed. This method can not only raise its efficiency and adaptability, but also solve the nonlinear problems brought by large initial misalignment angles. The comparison among the proposed method, the standard KF and the standard KF with parameters resetting was conducted in the same simulating circumstances. The results indicate that, compared with the conventional alignment method, the proposed method can highly shorten the alignment time for over 50% and improve the attitude precision of large initial misalignment angles by 0.1143 degree, which can be as precise as small misalignment angles.
当使用标准卡尔曼滤波(KF)时,具有较大初始不对准角的捷联惯导系统初始对准往往会导致对准失败。本文提出了一种简化Sage-Husa自适应滤波器状态协方差矩阵多次重置的自适应对齐方法。该方法不仅提高了算法的效率和适应性,而且解决了大的初始不对准角带来的非线性问题。在相同的仿真环境下,将所提方法与标准KF和参数重置后的标准KF进行了比较。结果表明,与传统对准方法相比,该方法可将对准时间大幅缩短50%以上,并将大初始对准角的姿态精度提高0.1143度,达到与小初始对准角相当的精度。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2017 Forum on Cooperative Positioning and Service (CPGPS)
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