Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7777999
H. Lhachemi, Joan Adria Ruiz de Azua Ortega, D. Saussié, G. Zhu
The adoption of Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture is a technological trend in the avionics industry due to its capability of supporting space and temporal partitioning, which is mandatory for systems with mixed criticality. However, combining partition allocation and schedule design for applications sharing hardware, software, and communication resources of the same computing platform while assuring temporal behavior is a complex task that requires adequate tools for system design and integration. This paper presents the main features of a model that has been developed for simultaneous partition allocation and schedule design, which allows for automatic adjustment of both applications distribution over the partitions and scheduling parameters toward performance optimization. In the proposed model, all the variables are integer and all constraints are formulated via linear equalities and inequalities. Therefore, this problem can be efficiently solved by many existing mixed integer linear programming algorithms. A set of timing constraints at both partition and task levels are established, and different optimization objective functions are provided. The results of a case study show that, if a solution exists, the proposed model can achieve a global optimum while guaranteeing that all the constraints are met.
{"title":"Partition modeling and optimization of ARINC 653 operating systems in the context of IMA","authors":"H. Lhachemi, Joan Adria Ruiz de Azua Ortega, D. Saussié, G. Zhu","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7777999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7777999","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture is a technological trend in the avionics industry due to its capability of supporting space and temporal partitioning, which is mandatory for systems with mixed criticality. However, combining partition allocation and schedule design for applications sharing hardware, software, and communication resources of the same computing platform while assuring temporal behavior is a complex task that requires adequate tools for system design and integration. This paper presents the main features of a model that has been developed for simultaneous partition allocation and schedule design, which allows for automatic adjustment of both applications distribution over the partitions and scheduling parameters toward performance optimization. In the proposed model, all the variables are integer and all constraints are formulated via linear equalities and inequalities. Therefore, this problem can be efficiently solved by many existing mixed integer linear programming algorithms. A set of timing constraints at both partition and task levels are established, and different optimization objective functions are provided. The results of a case study show that, if a solution exists, the proposed model can achieve a global optimum while guaranteeing that all the constraints are met.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127494838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7777989
Quentin Vey, S. Puechmorel, Alain Pirovano, J. Radzik
Routing is one of the main challenges that Aeronautical Ad-hoc NETworks (AANETs) are facing, mostly because of the mobility of the nodes, the geographic size of the network and the number of nodes. To handle this problem, we propose in this paper an innovative routing algorithm called NoDe-TBR (Node Density-TBR), derived from Trajectory-Based Routing (TBR). In this routing algorithm, each aircraft computes a geographic path between itself and the destination of its message. In order to improve delivery probability, this path takes into account the actual aircraft density in each area. The performances of this algorithm have been assessed through simulations, with replayed aircraft trajectories over the North Atlantic Tracks (NATs). They are compared to the performances of classic routing algorithms designed for Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs). Our solution exhibits better performances than classic routing protocols, but for a fraction of the signalization traffic volume. This is particularly desirable in resource-constraint networks such as AANETs.
{"title":"Routing in aeronautical ad-hoc networks","authors":"Quentin Vey, S. Puechmorel, Alain Pirovano, J. Radzik","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7777989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7777989","url":null,"abstract":"Routing is one of the main challenges that Aeronautical Ad-hoc NETworks (AANETs) are facing, mostly because of the mobility of the nodes, the geographic size of the network and the number of nodes. To handle this problem, we propose in this paper an innovative routing algorithm called NoDe-TBR (Node Density-TBR), derived from Trajectory-Based Routing (TBR). In this routing algorithm, each aircraft computes a geographic path between itself and the destination of its message. In order to improve delivery probability, this path takes into account the actual aircraft density in each area. The performances of this algorithm have been assessed through simulations, with replayed aircraft trajectories over the North Atlantic Tracks (NATs). They are compared to the performances of classic routing algorithms designed for Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs). Our solution exhibits better performances than classic routing protocols, but for a fraction of the signalization traffic volume. This is particularly desirable in resource-constraint networks such as AANETs.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"28 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113967243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7778085
P. Duan, M. U. de Haag, T. Etherington, L. Smith-Velazquez
The lack of aircraft state awareness has been one of the leading causal and contributing factors in aviation accidents. Many of these accidents were due to flight crew's inability to understand the automation modes and properly monitor the aircraft energy and attitude state. The capability of providing flight crew with improved airplane state awareness (ASA) is essential in ensuring aviation safety. This paper focusses on predictive alerting methods to achieve improved ASA and describes the methods used to predict (a) stall and overspeed conditions, (b) high-and-fast conditions, (c) low-and-slow conditions, (d) unstable approach conditions, and (e) automation mode transitions. The proposed method estimates and subsequently predicts the aircraft state based on (i) aircraft state related information output by the onboard avionics, (ii) the configuration of the aircraft, (iii) appropriate aircraft dynamics models of both the active modes and the modes to which can be transitioned via simple pilot actions, and (iv) accurate models of the uncertainty of the dynamics and sensors. Onboard avionics inputs include measurements from onboard navigation systems such as global navigation satellites systems (GNSS), inertial navigation systems, and air data. This paper provides a detailed description of the prediction algorithms, the predictive alerting display concepts, and some test results based on flight data collected during a recent NASA flight simulator study in which eleven commercial airline crews (22 pilots) completing more than 230 flights.
{"title":"Energy state prediction methods for airplane state awareness","authors":"P. Duan, M. U. de Haag, T. Etherington, L. Smith-Velazquez","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7778085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7778085","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of aircraft state awareness has been one of the leading causal and contributing factors in aviation accidents. Many of these accidents were due to flight crew's inability to understand the automation modes and properly monitor the aircraft energy and attitude state. The capability of providing flight crew with improved airplane state awareness (ASA) is essential in ensuring aviation safety. This paper focusses on predictive alerting methods to achieve improved ASA and describes the methods used to predict (a) stall and overspeed conditions, (b) high-and-fast conditions, (c) low-and-slow conditions, (d) unstable approach conditions, and (e) automation mode transitions. The proposed method estimates and subsequently predicts the aircraft state based on (i) aircraft state related information output by the onboard avionics, (ii) the configuration of the aircraft, (iii) appropriate aircraft dynamics models of both the active modes and the modes to which can be transitioned via simple pilot actions, and (iv) accurate models of the uncertainty of the dynamics and sensors. Onboard avionics inputs include measurements from onboard navigation systems such as global navigation satellites systems (GNSS), inertial navigation systems, and air data. This paper provides a detailed description of the prediction algorithms, the predictive alerting display concepts, and some test results based on flight data collected during a recent NASA flight simulator study in which eleven commercial airline crews (22 pilots) completing more than 230 flights.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124270724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7778057
Dong Quang Huy, J. Leuchter, Erik Blasch
The aim of this paper is to introduce automated workstation, which was created for testing of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the avionics equipment. EMC testing is of importance for flight safety and efficient operations. This paper describes the workstation design and some results of experimental checking and testing of EMC, such as the switch - mode power supply.
{"title":"Design of test-system for EMC investigations of aviation electronic devices","authors":"Dong Quang Huy, J. Leuchter, Erik Blasch","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7778057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7778057","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to introduce automated workstation, which was created for testing of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the avionics equipment. EMC testing is of importance for flight safety and efficient operations. This paper describes the workstation design and some results of experimental checking and testing of EMC, such as the switch - mode power supply.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124412787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7778064
M. Polasek, J. Němeček, I. Pham
This paper deals with an elimination of jamming optoelectronic seekers by flares. It is predominantly focused on the design and testing of the method of object discrimination for imaging infrared seeker. To design this method, an analysis of capability of imaging infrared seekers to discriminate objects according to their shape was used. On the basis of the results of this analysis, the principle of object selection by their motion inside the field of view of the coordinator was selected for the design of the method of object discrimination. To test this method, a computer program based on input conditions was created to compute trajectories of aircraft and flares. A further computer program simulating the behavior of the imaging infrared seeker and the missile itself uses information about the trajectory of aircraft and the flares to estimate relative position of those objects and the missile. It also evaluates the position of the entire object within the field of view and chooses a proper object by using the designed method of object discrimination. As an indicator of the success rate of the designed method to properly choose a good target (aircraft), the miss distance was used. On the basis of the achieved miss distances for various initiate relative positions of the missile and the aircraft and for various sequences of the flare dispense with aircraft maneuvers, the decision-making criterion is defined whether the method was successful or not. The evaluation of the success or failure of the method is realized by percentage of failure simulations from all realized ones under given input conditions.
{"title":"Counter countermeasure method for missile's imaging infrared seeker","authors":"M. Polasek, J. Němeček, I. Pham","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7778064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7778064","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with an elimination of jamming optoelectronic seekers by flares. It is predominantly focused on the design and testing of the method of object discrimination for imaging infrared seeker. To design this method, an analysis of capability of imaging infrared seekers to discriminate objects according to their shape was used. On the basis of the results of this analysis, the principle of object selection by their motion inside the field of view of the coordinator was selected for the design of the method of object discrimination. To test this method, a computer program based on input conditions was created to compute trajectories of aircraft and flares. A further computer program simulating the behavior of the imaging infrared seeker and the missile itself uses information about the trajectory of aircraft and the flares to estimate relative position of those objects and the missile. It also evaluates the position of the entire object within the field of view and chooses a proper object by using the designed method of object discrimination. As an indicator of the success rate of the designed method to properly choose a good target (aircraft), the miss distance was used. On the basis of the achieved miss distances for various initiate relative positions of the missile and the aircraft and for various sequences of the flare dispense with aircraft maneuvers, the decision-making criterion is defined whether the method was successful or not. The evaluation of the success or failure of the method is realized by percentage of failure simulations from all realized ones under given input conditions.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"19 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121010587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7778032
S. Stubberud, K. Kramer
One approach that has been proposed to assist in the detection and tracking of sources of unexpected traffic in remote regions and those relatively inaccessible to ground vehicles is to combine a network of unattended ground sensors (UGS) where use of unmanned aircraft system(s) or UAS is incorporated along with the UGS platforms. Such integration of UAS with UGS as autonomous sentry and tracking stations was not feasible in the past. With the advent of inexpensive UAS technology that can provide real-time video feeds, the development of battery technology that can allow for useful patrol ranges and times, and advanced charging capabilities that allow for transfer of power through means other than an actual plug, an UGS/UAS autonomous monitoring station has become a practical solution to remote monitoring and tracking. In this paper, the analysis of the integration of fixed ground image tracking in coordination with an airborne imaging system is investigated. The performance of the tracking capabilities is analyzed to determine the effectivity of such a dual sensor system approach.
{"title":"UAVs working in conjunction with unattended ground sensors","authors":"S. Stubberud, K. Kramer","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7778032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7778032","url":null,"abstract":"One approach that has been proposed to assist in the detection and tracking of sources of unexpected traffic in remote regions and those relatively inaccessible to ground vehicles is to combine a network of unattended ground sensors (UGS) where use of unmanned aircraft system(s) or UAS is incorporated along with the UGS platforms. Such integration of UAS with UGS as autonomous sentry and tracking stations was not feasible in the past. With the advent of inexpensive UAS technology that can provide real-time video feeds, the development of battery technology that can allow for useful patrol ranges and times, and advanced charging capabilities that allow for transfer of power through means other than an actual plug, an UGS/UAS autonomous monitoring station has become a practical solution to remote monitoring and tracking. In this paper, the analysis of the integration of fixed ground image tracking in coordination with an airborne imaging system is investigated. The performance of the tracking capabilities is analyzed to determine the effectivity of such a dual sensor system approach.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114768077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7778008
C. Barrado, M. Pérez-Batlle, Martin Lopez, E. Pastor
In the context of the ERAINT project, a number of human-in-the-loop simulations were conducted to study the implications of integrating a remote piloted aircraft system (RPAS) into the managed airspace. For the purpose of this study, the RPAS was assumed to be involved in surveillance missions, flying a large-endurance scan pattern. The area of surveillance was selected such that it crossed an active airway for approaches. Furthermore, the simulations also included situations in which the RPAS was involved in an emergency situation such as lost links and engine failures. From previous work, the results obtained from these simulations showed that the air traffic controllers (ATCs) could successfully manage the required separations for airspace safety assurance. Nevertheless, the number of total commands issued increased, in particular the number of requirements for altitude changes, and especially those destined to commercial aircraft. Given an aircraft's flying altitude impact on performance, one question rapidly arose: Is there an increase in flight costs for airlines as a result of the increased number of ATC commands issued to provide the necessary separation with the RPAS? For this purpose two metrics relating to time and fuel are defined such that they are targeted on quantifying the economic impact for commercial air traffic resulting from the presence of a RPAS. Both metrics are computed from the ADS-B traces of all aircraft in the sector and the results of each simulation are compared with those of a baseline simulation, in which the RPAS is not present. To improve on the comparison between each simulation's results we complement this study with a statistical analysis of the available data samples using paired t-test analyses to determine if the observed differences are statistically significant or simply due to random variability.
{"title":"Paired T-test analysis to measure the efficiency impact of a flying RPAS in the non-segregated airspace","authors":"C. Barrado, M. Pérez-Batlle, Martin Lopez, E. Pastor","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7778008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7778008","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the ERAINT project, a number of human-in-the-loop simulations were conducted to study the implications of integrating a remote piloted aircraft system (RPAS) into the managed airspace. For the purpose of this study, the RPAS was assumed to be involved in surveillance missions, flying a large-endurance scan pattern. The area of surveillance was selected such that it crossed an active airway for approaches. Furthermore, the simulations also included situations in which the RPAS was involved in an emergency situation such as lost links and engine failures. From previous work, the results obtained from these simulations showed that the air traffic controllers (ATCs) could successfully manage the required separations for airspace safety assurance. Nevertheless, the number of total commands issued increased, in particular the number of requirements for altitude changes, and especially those destined to commercial aircraft. Given an aircraft's flying altitude impact on performance, one question rapidly arose: Is there an increase in flight costs for airlines as a result of the increased number of ATC commands issued to provide the necessary separation with the RPAS? For this purpose two metrics relating to time and fuel are defined such that they are targeted on quantifying the economic impact for commercial air traffic resulting from the presence of a RPAS. Both metrics are computed from the ADS-B traces of all aircraft in the sector and the results of each simulation are compared with those of a baseline simulation, in which the RPAS is not present. To improve on the comparison between each simulation's results we complement this study with a statistical analysis of the available data samples using paired t-test analyses to determine if the observed differences are statistically significant or simply due to random variability.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130743803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7777957
Emily Clemons, Richard Jordan, T. Reynolds
This study uses Big Data techniques to characterize the U.S. air transportation system over the years from 1998-2014, in an effort to capture the network's behavior and determine what internal and/or external drivers result in structural changes to the network. The metrics discussed in this study allow for the identification of trends in the network, along with capturing major events such as the merger of two airlines. In addition, the metrics shed light on the potential impact of data consistency issues using a dataset commonly used in airline network analysis.
{"title":"Airline network and competition characterization using big data approaches","authors":"Emily Clemons, Richard Jordan, T. Reynolds","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7777957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7777957","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses Big Data techniques to characterize the U.S. air transportation system over the years from 1998-2014, in an effort to capture the network's behavior and determine what internal and/or external drivers result in structural changes to the network. The metrics discussed in this study allow for the identification of trends in the network, along with capturing major events such as the merger of two airlines. In addition, the metrics shed light on the potential impact of data consistency issues using a dataset commonly used in airline network analysis.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130431266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7778108
M. U. de Haag, C. Bartone, M. Braasch
Despite well over a decade of intensive research and development efforts, detect-and-avoid (DAA) technology remains in an immature state for medium and large unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and is in its very infancy for small UAS (sUAS). Routine Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight (BVLOS) operations will not be achieved until this technological impasse has been surpassed. Although a multi-system/multi-sensor approach is known to be the robust solution, sUAS platforms are challenged to host such an equipment suite in addition to their revenue-generating payload for commercial applications. Recent developments in small form-factor LiDAR and radar sensors may prove to be vital components in the overall DAA solution for sUAS. These types of sensors are being developed primarily for the autonomous ground vehicle market, but may be adapted for UAS applications. This paper documents a series of ground and flight tests conducted to evaluate the performance of both a small form-factor LiDAR and radar sensors. Obstacle detection range versus obstacle size is determined for both sensors in static and dynamic flight modes.
{"title":"Flight-test evaluation of small form-factor LiDAR and radar sensors for sUAS detect-and-avoid applications","authors":"M. U. de Haag, C. Bartone, M. Braasch","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7778108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7778108","url":null,"abstract":"Despite well over a decade of intensive research and development efforts, detect-and-avoid (DAA) technology remains in an immature state for medium and large unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and is in its very infancy for small UAS (sUAS). Routine Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight (BVLOS) operations will not be achieved until this technological impasse has been surpassed. Although a multi-system/multi-sensor approach is known to be the robust solution, sUAS platforms are challenged to host such an equipment suite in addition to their revenue-generating payload for commercial applications. Recent developments in small form-factor LiDAR and radar sensors may prove to be vital components in the overall DAA solution for sUAS. These types of sensors are being developed primarily for the autonomous ground vehicle market, but may be adapted for UAS applications. This paper documents a series of ground and flight tests conducted to evaluate the performance of both a small form-factor LiDAR and radar sensors. Obstacle detection range versus obstacle size is determined for both sensors in static and dynamic flight modes.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132383883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2016.7777954
S. Young, T. Daniels, Emory T. Evans, Evan Dill, M. U. de Haag, T. Etherington
Airplane state awareness (ASA) is a pilot performance attribute derived from the more general attribute known as situation awareness. Airplane state alludes primarily to attitude and energy state, but also infers other state variables, such as the state of automated or autonomous systems, that can affect attitude or energy state. Recognizing that loss of ASA has been a contributing factor to recent accidents, an industry-wide team has recommended several Safety Enhancements (SEs) to resolve or mitigate the problem. Two of these SEs call for research and development of new technology that can predict energy and/or auto-flight system states, and intuitively notify or alert flight crews to future unsafe or otherwise undesired states. In addition, it is desired that future air vehicles will be able to operate with a high degree of awareness of their own well-being. This form of ASA requires onboard predictive capabilities that can inform decision-making functions of critical markers trending to unsafe states. This paper describes a high-fidelity flight simulation study designed to address the two industry-recommended SEs for current aircraft, as well as this desired self-awareness capability for future aircraft. Eleven commercial airline crews participated in the testing, completing more than 220 flights. Flight scenarios were utilized that span a broad set of conditions including several that emulated recent accidents. An extensive data set was collected that includes both qualitative data from the pilots, and quantitative data from a unique set of instrumentation devices. The latter includes a head-/eye-tracking system and a physiological measurement system. State-of-the-art flight deck systems and indicators were evaluated, as were a set of new technologies. These included an enhancement to the bank angle indicator; predictive algorithms and indications of where the auto-flight system will take the aircraft and when automation mode changes will occur or where energy-related problems may occur; and synoptic (i.e., graphical) depictions of the effects of loss of flight critical data, combined with streamlined electronic checklists. Topics covered by this paper include the research program context, test objectives, descriptions of the technologies under test, platform and operational environment setup, a summary of findings, and future work.
{"title":"Flight simulation study of airplane state awareness and prediction technologies","authors":"S. Young, T. Daniels, Emory T. Evans, Evan Dill, M. U. de Haag, T. Etherington","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2016.7777954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2016.7777954","url":null,"abstract":"Airplane state awareness (ASA) is a pilot performance attribute derived from the more general attribute known as situation awareness. Airplane state alludes primarily to attitude and energy state, but also infers other state variables, such as the state of automated or autonomous systems, that can affect attitude or energy state. Recognizing that loss of ASA has been a contributing factor to recent accidents, an industry-wide team has recommended several Safety Enhancements (SEs) to resolve or mitigate the problem. Two of these SEs call for research and development of new technology that can predict energy and/or auto-flight system states, and intuitively notify or alert flight crews to future unsafe or otherwise undesired states. In addition, it is desired that future air vehicles will be able to operate with a high degree of awareness of their own well-being. This form of ASA requires onboard predictive capabilities that can inform decision-making functions of critical markers trending to unsafe states. This paper describes a high-fidelity flight simulation study designed to address the two industry-recommended SEs for current aircraft, as well as this desired self-awareness capability for future aircraft. Eleven commercial airline crews participated in the testing, completing more than 220 flights. Flight scenarios were utilized that span a broad set of conditions including several that emulated recent accidents. An extensive data set was collected that includes both qualitative data from the pilots, and quantitative data from a unique set of instrumentation devices. The latter includes a head-/eye-tracking system and a physiological measurement system. State-of-the-art flight deck systems and indicators were evaluated, as were a set of new technologies. These included an enhancement to the bank angle indicator; predictive algorithms and indications of where the auto-flight system will take the aircraft and when automation mode changes will occur or where energy-related problems may occur; and synoptic (i.e., graphical) depictions of the effects of loss of flight critical data, combined with streamlined electronic checklists. Topics covered by this paper include the research program context, test objectives, descriptions of the technologies under test, platform and operational environment setup, a summary of findings, and future work.","PeriodicalId":340472,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125123904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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