Selectrodialysis can be used to pre-concentrate the phosphate before crystallization. The process can provide a promising and sustainable renewable source of phosphate. The three major factors that led to an increase in phosphate concentration in the product of selectrodialysis are (i) an increase in current density, (ii) initial pH of the product, and (iii) initial feed concentration of phosphate. As a result, phosphate concentration in the product can reach 16 mM with a purity of 44%, current efficiency to transport phosphate and chloride for a standard anion exchange membrane and for a monovalent selective anion exchange membrane are 26.6% and 63% respectively. Those competing ion such as nitrate, bicarbonate and sulphate in wastewater create a decrease in the phosphate pre-concentrating efficiency by selectrodialysis. An inhibition of these ions to the phosphate concentrating process was found to occur initially and disappeared as the system keeps operating. The phosphate concentrating efficiency in the product was significantly reduced from 188% to 78% after 210 minutes, but after 300 minutes, this value could be recovered to 161%. It is concluded from the result that selectrodialysis is technically feasible method to recover nutrients from waste streams. The cost of wastewater treatment, preventing water pollution and yielding valuable and sustainable resources can ultimately be reduced.
{"title":"Phosphate Pre-Concentrate from Wastewater for Phosphate Recovery by Selectrodialysis","authors":"A. Tran","doi":"10.1109/GTSD.2016.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTSD.2016.23","url":null,"abstract":"Selectrodialysis can be used to pre-concentrate the phosphate before crystallization. The process can provide a promising and sustainable renewable source of phosphate. The three major factors that led to an increase in phosphate concentration in the product of selectrodialysis are (i) an increase in current density, (ii) initial pH of the product, and (iii) initial feed concentration of phosphate. As a result, phosphate concentration in the product can reach 16 mM with a purity of 44%, current efficiency to transport phosphate and chloride for a standard anion exchange membrane and for a monovalent selective anion exchange membrane are 26.6% and 63% respectively. Those competing ion such as nitrate, bicarbonate and sulphate in wastewater create a decrease in the phosphate pre-concentrating efficiency by selectrodialysis. An inhibition of these ions to the phosphate concentrating process was found to occur initially and disappeared as the system keeps operating. The phosphate concentrating efficiency in the product was significantly reduced from 188% to 78% after 210 minutes, but after 300 minutes, this value could be recovered to 161%. It is concluded from the result that selectrodialysis is technically feasible method to recover nutrients from waste streams. The cost of wastewater treatment, preventing water pollution and yielding valuable and sustainable resources can ultimately be reduced.","PeriodicalId":340479,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123767271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A wideband coplanar waveguide integrated with micro-strip line on a through glass via substrate is presented. The design of the ultra-wideband micro-strip to coplanar waveguide transition, which are used at input/output ports. Vertical via connecting the top coplanar waveguide to the ground plane on the bottom of the substrate to achieve the shortest signal transmission distance. Simulated the maximum to limit the minimum thickness of the glass dielectric layer (εr=5.5) from 200μm to 500μm have all implemented up to 30Gz frequency band. We have designed a coplanar waveguide with the center conductive width of 120μm and space of 22μm to connecting a micro strip line with the conductive width of 210μm, finally reaching 50Ω impedance matching of overall structure. The simulation results have a low insertion loss of less than 0.09dB and the reflection loss of below -20dB at 30 GHz frequency band.
{"title":"Coplanar Waveguide Integrated with Micro-Strip Line on a Through Glass Via Substrate","authors":"C. Chiu, C. Zhan","doi":"10.1109/GTSD.2016.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTSD.2016.14","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband coplanar waveguide integrated with micro-strip line on a through glass via substrate is presented. The design of the ultra-wideband micro-strip to coplanar waveguide transition, which are used at input/output ports. Vertical via connecting the top coplanar waveguide to the ground plane on the bottom of the substrate to achieve the shortest signal transmission distance. Simulated the maximum to limit the minimum thickness of the glass dielectric layer (εr=5.5) from 200μm to 500μm have all implemented up to 30Gz frequency band. We have designed a coplanar waveguide with the center conductive width of 120μm and space of 22μm to connecting a micro strip line with the conductive width of 210μm, finally reaching 50Ω impedance matching of overall structure. The simulation results have a low insertion loss of less than 0.09dB and the reflection loss of below -20dB at 30 GHz frequency band.","PeriodicalId":340479,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123483786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the power quality analysis of electric buses (EBs) and electric vehicles (EVs) on the distribution system. The stochastic harmonic models for EBs and EVs and the stochastic models for their usage scenarios are built considering the uncertainties of the measured data. Based on these models, this paper proposes a harmonic load flow analysis considering the uncertainties of system and measured data. The Monte Carlo Simulation is used to discuss harmonic current and voltage of distribution systems caused by EBs and EVs. An actual power distribution system of TaiPower is taken as an example to validate the practicability of the method proposed in this paper.
{"title":"Power Quality Analysis of Electric Transportation on Distribution Systems","authors":"R. Leou, J. Teng, C. Su","doi":"10.1109/GTSD.2016.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTSD.2016.17","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the power quality analysis of electric buses (EBs) and electric vehicles (EVs) on the distribution system. The stochastic harmonic models for EBs and EVs and the stochastic models for their usage scenarios are built considering the uncertainties of the measured data. Based on these models, this paper proposes a harmonic load flow analysis considering the uncertainties of system and measured data. The Monte Carlo Simulation is used to discuss harmonic current and voltage of distribution systems caused by EBs and EVs. An actual power distribution system of TaiPower is taken as an example to validate the practicability of the method proposed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":340479,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128588918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaohsiung City Government coordinated with the central government to promote the Energy-Smart-City project plan, plan to propose the pioneered energy cloud for energy saving system in Taiwan. The system will help government to review energy efficiency, to explore the potential of energy saving so as to be basis for energy saving policy promotion. The system may also help citizens for energy management and data analysis. With big data parallel processing architecture, visualization of the data analysis interface, various inquiry/analysis/trial services, and energy-saving potential analysis, the energy cloud for energy saving system integrates with cloud computing, data mining, and big data analysis. Through the behavioral science information and data disseminating, it also be expected to increase the user awareness of energy-saving and change behavioral intention of conserving electricity.
{"title":"Development of Energy Cloud for Energy Saving of Kaohsiung City","authors":"Chien-Nan Chen, M. Cho, Hsin-Yi Huang","doi":"10.1109/GTSD.2016.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTSD.2016.19","url":null,"abstract":"Kaohsiung City Government coordinated with the central government to promote the Energy-Smart-City project plan, plan to propose the pioneered energy cloud for energy saving system in Taiwan. The system will help government to review energy efficiency, to explore the potential of energy saving so as to be basis for energy saving policy promotion. The system may also help citizens for energy management and data analysis. With big data parallel processing architecture, visualization of the data analysis interface, various inquiry/analysis/trial services, and energy-saving potential analysis, the energy cloud for energy saving system integrates with cloud computing, data mining, and big data analysis. Through the behavioral science information and data disseminating, it also be expected to increase the user awareness of energy-saving and change behavioral intention of conserving electricity.","PeriodicalId":340479,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD)","volume":"8 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129078237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a secure key update scheme for smart meters. The key updates each round, and the system remains secure after each update even if the key was compromised in the previous round. Our scheme uses the exclusive-or operation in a way similar to that in the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode.
{"title":"Secure Key Update Scheme for Smart Meters","authors":"Chun-Yuan Hsiao, Wei-Jheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/GTSD.2016.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTSD.2016.47","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a secure key update scheme for smart meters. The key updates each round, and the system remains secure after each update even if the key was compromised in the previous round. Our scheme uses the exclusive-or operation in a way similar to that in the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode.","PeriodicalId":340479,"journal":{"name":"2016 3rd International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126158605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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