Pub Date : 2008-08-01DOI: 10.1680/STBU.2008.161.4.231
D. Blockley
Structural engineering has changed markedly over the last decades, creating new challenges and new opportunities. Consequently, structural engineers are widening their thinking from just technical issues to the effects of other matters on the risks to their structures. In particular there is a need to find better methods for integrating hard and soft risks. Hard systems are physical and technical matters traditionally dealt with by engineering science. Soft systems involve people and include matters traditionally dealt with by engineering management. In order to make improvements, engineers have to combine good-quality evidence from disparate sources, both technical and from wider issues. The current paper demonstrates how disparate evidence can be measured and combined using interval probabilities drawn as colourful ‘Italian flag’ indicators of risk. Process models are used to map the progress of projects. An Italian flag is associated with each process to indicate the level of dependability, based on al...
{"title":"Managing Risks to Structures","authors":"D. Blockley","doi":"10.1680/STBU.2008.161.4.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/STBU.2008.161.4.231","url":null,"abstract":"Structural engineering has changed markedly over the last decades, creating new challenges and new opportunities. Consequently, structural engineers are widening their thinking from just technical issues to the effects of other matters on the risks to their structures. In particular there is a need to find better methods for integrating hard and soft risks. Hard systems are physical and technical matters traditionally dealt with by engineering science. Soft systems involve people and include matters traditionally dealt with by engineering management. In order to make improvements, engineers have to combine good-quality evidence from disparate sources, both technical and from wider issues. The current paper demonstrates how disparate evidence can be measured and combined using interval probabilities drawn as colourful ‘Italian flag’ indicators of risk. Process models are used to map the progress of projects. An Italian flag is associated with each process to indicate the level of dependability, based on al...","PeriodicalId":340765,"journal":{"name":"Building Bridges","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130116170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-01DOI: 10.1680/ICIEN.1995.28038
W. Dias, D. Blockley
Civil engineers ar valued by society for their knowledge and skills which, though based on theory, are forged through experience. Indeed, the real world is a messy place of complex, interacting systems which time and time again demonstrate the inadequacies of engineering theory. The scientific approach to engineering education does not equip graduates effectively for professional practice. This paper introduces the concept of 'reflective practice', explains how it can be formalized and suggests that it should be adopted alongside the traditional technical rationality approach to teaching engineering design. It involves analysing past failures, using artificial intelligence and, above all, looking at the big picture.
{"title":"Reflective Practice in Engineering Design","authors":"W. Dias, D. Blockley","doi":"10.1680/ICIEN.1995.28038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/ICIEN.1995.28038","url":null,"abstract":"Civil engineers ar valued by society for their knowledge and skills which, though based on theory, are forged through experience. Indeed, the real world is a messy place of complex, interacting systems which time and time again demonstrate the inadequacies of engineering theory. The scientific approach to engineering education does not equip graduates effectively for professional practice. This paper introduces the concept of 'reflective practice', explains how it can be formalized and suggests that it should be adopted alongside the traditional technical rationality approach to teaching engineering design. It involves analysing past failures, using artificial intelligence and, above all, looking at the big picture.","PeriodicalId":340765,"journal":{"name":"Building Bridges","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124262596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Part 1 a classification of basic types of structural failure is presented. This classification is expanded into a set of parameter statements which could be assessed subjectively in a prediction process. This process is intended to account for a structure failing due to causes other than stochastic variations in load and strength. The parameters are assessed for 23 major structural accidents and one existing structure and are analysed using a simple numerical interpretation. The accidents are ranked in their order of inevitability. Human errors of one form or another proved to be the dominant reasons for the failures considered. A simplified form of the proposed procedure for predicting the likelihood of structural accidents is outlined in Part II. This is then applied to the 24 accident parameter assessments made in Part I. The concept of fuzzy sets is used.
{"title":"Analysis of Structural Failures","authors":"D. Blockley","doi":"10.1680/IICEP.1977.3259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/IICEP.1977.3259","url":null,"abstract":"In Part 1 a classification of basic types of structural failure is presented. This classification is expanded into a set of parameter statements which could be assessed subjectively in a prediction process. This process is intended to account for a structure failing due to causes other than stochastic variations in load and strength. The parameters are assessed for 23 major structural accidents and one existing structure and are analysed using a simple numerical interpretation. The accidents are ranked in their order of inevitability. Human errors of one form or another proved to be the dominant reasons for the failures considered. A simplified form of the proposed procedure for predicting the likelihood of structural accidents is outlined in Part II. This is then applied to the 24 accident parameter assessments made in Part I. The concept of fuzzy sets is used.","PeriodicalId":340765,"journal":{"name":"Building Bridges","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130213197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-01-31DOI: 10.4159/HARVARD.9780674330207.C6
E. J. Richards
{"title":"Selected Bibliography of Works Cited","authors":"E. J. Richards","doi":"10.4159/HARVARD.9780674330207.C6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4159/HARVARD.9780674330207.C6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340765,"journal":{"name":"Building Bridges","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127914041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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