Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371828
Heng-Siong Lim, B. Venkatesh
This work presents a new two-phase, memetic algorithm to solve the maximum-likelihood multiuser detection problem. The algorithm uses a standard evolutionary programming (EP) for the base level search, which makes a quick decision to direct the search towards the optimal region (phase-1). The local optimization by k-opt heuristic local search is then employed to do fine tuning (phase-2). In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the algorithm is applied to 10- and 20-user synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. The results clearly show that the algorithm not only improves the solution quality but also makes the EP more efficient in terms of number of iterations to reach the global optimum.
{"title":"An effective memetic algorithm for the optimum multiuser detection problem","authors":"Heng-Siong Lim, B. Venkatesh","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371828","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a new two-phase, memetic algorithm to solve the maximum-likelihood multiuser detection problem. The algorithm uses a standard evolutionary programming (EP) for the base level search, which makes a quick decision to direct the search towards the optimal region (phase-1). The local optimization by k-opt heuristic local search is then employed to do fine tuning (phase-2). In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the algorithm is applied to 10- and 20-user synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. The results clearly show that the algorithm not only improves the solution quality but also makes the EP more efficient in terms of number of iterations to reach the global optimum.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125205048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371839
Liru Lu, V. Dubey
Spread-time code division multiple access (ST-CDMA) is an alternative CDMA scheme to spread spectrum (SS). The ST-CDMA is proposed for bandlimited multiple access channels, which can be considered the time-frequency dual of SS-CDMA. We propose a new ST-CDMA system based on the orthogonal complete complementary (CC) code. The performance of the proposed system is investigated and the simulation is done to compare with the conventional ST-CDMA system using PN codes. The results show the CC code-based ST-CDMA performs better than the existing system, which can be an additional choice for future multiple access communications systems.
{"title":"Complete complementary code for spread time CDMA system","authors":"Liru Lu, V. Dubey","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371839","url":null,"abstract":"Spread-time code division multiple access (ST-CDMA) is an alternative CDMA scheme to spread spectrum (SS). The ST-CDMA is proposed for bandlimited multiple access channels, which can be considered the time-frequency dual of SS-CDMA. We propose a new ST-CDMA system based on the orthogonal complete complementary (CC) code. The performance of the proposed system is investigated and the simulation is done to compare with the conventional ST-CDMA system using PN codes. The results show the CC code-based ST-CDMA performs better than the existing system, which can be an additional choice for future multiple access communications systems.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125390587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371722
E. Choi, Wan Choi, J. Andrews
The average sector throughput of the popular 1x EV-DO system with three different scheduling algorithms is mathematically analyzed for a multicell system with lognormal shadowing. The scheduling algorithms considered are round robin, equal latency, and relative fairness. The trade off between throughput and latency among the three scheduling algorithms is illuminated by the analysis, since the key design parameters are identified. From numerical examples, it is shown that the average throughput in a typical urban area is around 600-800 kbit/s. The results of this paper will help engineers do cellular planning and reliably predict throughput for 1x EV-DO and other data-based cellular systems.
{"title":"Throughput of the 1x EV-DO system with various scheduling algorithms","authors":"E. Choi, Wan Choi, J. Andrews","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371722","url":null,"abstract":"The average sector throughput of the popular 1x EV-DO system with three different scheduling algorithms is mathematically analyzed for a multicell system with lognormal shadowing. The scheduling algorithms considered are round robin, equal latency, and relative fairness. The trade off between throughput and latency among the three scheduling algorithms is illuminated by the analysis, since the key design parameters are identified. From numerical examples, it is shown that the average throughput in a typical urban area is around 600-800 kbit/s. The results of this paper will help engineers do cellular planning and reliably predict throughput for 1x EV-DO and other data-based cellular systems.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121887963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371756
S. Morosi, E. Del Re, R. Fantacci, A. Chiassai
An original turbo multiuser detector for overloaded coded DS-CDMA systems is presented and studied: the performance of the proposed system is tested by Monte Carlo simulations and by means of the density evolution theory. The proposed turbo-MUD receiver is based on the use a combination of a linear MMSE detector in the first stages and an interference cancellation scheme in the successive ones. The inputs of both receivers are the soft information from a bank of turbo decoders. The performance of the proposed receiver can be effectively predicted in overloaded communication systems by means of density evolution technique: the use of this technique also permits us to evaluate the proper number of MMSE iterations, making easier the design of the receiver.
{"title":"Application of density evolution in turbo-MUD design for overloaded coded CDMA systems","authors":"S. Morosi, E. Del Re, R. Fantacci, A. Chiassai","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371756","url":null,"abstract":"An original turbo multiuser detector for overloaded coded DS-CDMA systems is presented and studied: the performance of the proposed system is tested by Monte Carlo simulations and by means of the density evolution theory. The proposed turbo-MUD receiver is based on the use a combination of a linear MMSE detector in the first stages and an interference cancellation scheme in the successive ones. The inputs of both receivers are the soft information from a bank of turbo decoders. The performance of the proposed receiver can be effectively predicted in overloaded communication systems by means of density evolution technique: the use of this technique also permits us to evaluate the proper number of MMSE iterations, making easier the design of the receiver.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122402855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1093/ietcom/E88-B.2.552
Satoshi Nagata, N. Maeda, H. Atarashi, M. Sawahashi
The paper proposes an accurate fast Fourier transform (FFT) window timing detection method based on the maximum signal-to-interference power ratio (SIR) criterion, taking into account the received signal power and intersymbol interference, according to different detected FFT window timings in orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) wireless access. The SIR of the received signal after FFT processing is estimated using the desired signal power and the intersymbol interference power calculated using the power delay profile, which is measured by the cross-correlation between the pilot symbol replica and the received signal. Furthermore, since the SIR is calculated only for the received path timing of the first path and those paths exceeding the guard interval duration, which are greater than the noise-threshold value, the computational complexity of the proposed method is low. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the required average received signal energy per symbol-to-background noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub s//N/sub 0/) for achieving the average packet error rate (PER) of 10/sup -2/ by approximately 1.0 dB compared to the conventional method which detects the forward path timing of the power delay profile (16QAM data modulation, six-path Rayleigh fading channel, maximum delay time of 3 microsec, RMS delay spread of 0.86 microsec).
{"title":"Accurate FFT processing window timing detection based on maximum SIR criterion in OFCDM wireless access","authors":"Satoshi Nagata, N. Maeda, H. Atarashi, M. Sawahashi","doi":"10.1093/ietcom/E88-B.2.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/E88-B.2.552","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes an accurate fast Fourier transform (FFT) window timing detection method based on the maximum signal-to-interference power ratio (SIR) criterion, taking into account the received signal power and intersymbol interference, according to different detected FFT window timings in orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) wireless access. The SIR of the received signal after FFT processing is estimated using the desired signal power and the intersymbol interference power calculated using the power delay profile, which is measured by the cross-correlation between the pilot symbol replica and the received signal. Furthermore, since the SIR is calculated only for the received path timing of the first path and those paths exceeding the guard interval duration, which are greater than the noise-threshold value, the computational complexity of the proposed method is low. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the required average received signal energy per symbol-to-background noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub s//N/sub 0/) for achieving the average packet error rate (PER) of 10/sup -2/ by approximately 1.0 dB compared to the conventional method which detects the forward path timing of the power delay profile (16QAM data modulation, six-path Rayleigh fading channel, maximum delay time of 3 microsec, RMS delay spread of 0.86 microsec).","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121284655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371684
Taufik Abrão, Fernando Ciriaco Dias Neto, P. Jeszensky
A new utilization form for the evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm applied to multi-user DS-CDMA (direct sequence code division multiple access) systems in a synchronous AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel is proposed. In order to find the maximum likelihood (ML) solution, the variance matrix for the generation of new candidates was expressed as a function of the following parameters: E/sub b//N/sub 0/; near-far ratio (NFR); cost function (fitness value). A cloning strategy procedure was introduced where the best vectors with the bit-candidates were cloned, reducing drastically the required time for the algorithm convergence to the single user bound (SuB) performance. An improvement in the convergence process was obtained using a parallel interference canceller with soft decision (SD-PIC) for initial vector generation.
{"title":"Evolutionary programming with cloning and adaptive cost function applied to multi-user DS-CDMA systems","authors":"Taufik Abrão, Fernando Ciriaco Dias Neto, P. Jeszensky","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371684","url":null,"abstract":"A new utilization form for the evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm applied to multi-user DS-CDMA (direct sequence code division multiple access) systems in a synchronous AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel is proposed. In order to find the maximum likelihood (ML) solution, the variance matrix for the generation of new candidates was expressed as a function of the following parameters: E/sub b//N/sub 0/; near-far ratio (NFR); cost function (fitness value). A cloning strategy procedure was introduced where the best vectors with the bit-candidates were cloned, reducing drastically the required time for the algorithm convergence to the single user bound (SuB) performance. An improvement in the convergence process was obtained using a parallel interference canceller with soft decision (SD-PIC) for initial vector generation.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126684353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371659
Y. Tadokoro, H. Okada, T. Yamazato, M. Katayama
In CDMA packet communication systems employing the successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme, the suppression of MAI depends on the received signal-power distribution, in addition to the cross-correlation characteristics of the spreading sequences and the number of transmitted packets. Some work has been done about discovering the received signal-power distribution which makes MAI be suppressed effectively. This distribution minimizes the averaged bit error rate (BER). However, in packet communication systems, it is important to the performance whether packets can be transmitted successfully or not. Even if the averaged BER is high, many packets can be correctly transmitted. It implies that the optimum distribution on averaged BER does not give the best performance of packet transmission. The received signal-power distribution which gives the best performance of packet transmission is derived. Such a distribution makes clear the limit of performance improvement using SIC.
{"title":"The optimum received signal-power distribution for CDMA packet communication systems employing successive interference cancellation","authors":"Y. Tadokoro, H. Okada, T. Yamazato, M. Katayama","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371659","url":null,"abstract":"In CDMA packet communication systems employing the successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme, the suppression of MAI depends on the received signal-power distribution, in addition to the cross-correlation characteristics of the spreading sequences and the number of transmitted packets. Some work has been done about discovering the received signal-power distribution which makes MAI be suppressed effectively. This distribution minimizes the averaged bit error rate (BER). However, in packet communication systems, it is important to the performance whether packets can be transmitted successfully or not. Even if the averaged BER is high, many packets can be correctly transmitted. It implies that the optimum distribution on averaged BER does not give the best performance of packet transmission. The received signal-power distribution which gives the best performance of packet transmission is derived. Such a distribution makes clear the limit of performance improvement using SIC.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126426963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371682
S. Niranjayan, A. Nallanathan, B. Kannan
We propose an adaptive transmit diversity scheme for UWB impulse radio (IR), based on free space signal combining, which provides a significant increase in performance compared to the conventional single antenna MRRC receiver. The proposed scheme employs multiple transmitters, which adjust their transmit delays adaptively, in order to achieve perfect overlapping of pulses in space. This scheme uses a single correlator module at the receiver, and hence reduces the hardware complexity significantly, compared to S-RAKE receivers. The purpose behind free space signal combining is to improve the signal strength without multiplying the noise energy at the output of the correlator detector. Therefore, the proposed scheme can provide higher throughput with less complexity.
{"title":"An adaptive transmit diversity scheme based on spatial signal combining for TH-PPM UWB","authors":"S. Niranjayan, A. Nallanathan, B. Kannan","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371682","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an adaptive transmit diversity scheme for UWB impulse radio (IR), based on free space signal combining, which provides a significant increase in performance compared to the conventional single antenna MRRC receiver. The proposed scheme employs multiple transmitters, which adjust their transmit delays adaptively, in order to achieve perfect overlapping of pulses in space. This scheme uses a single correlator module at the receiver, and hence reduces the hardware complexity significantly, compared to S-RAKE receivers. The purpose behind free space signal combining is to improve the signal strength without multiplying the noise energy at the output of the correlator detector. Therefore, the proposed scheme can provide higher throughput with less complexity.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"372 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127883407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371740
Lan Yang, Ming Chen, Shixin Cheng, Haifeng Wang
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the projected modulation of choice for fourth-generation broadband multimedia wireless systems. However, for mobile applications, channel variations during one OFDM symbol introduce intercarrier interference (ICI), which degrades the performance. This gets more severe as mobile speed, carrier frequency or OFDM symbol duration increases. We analyze ICI for mobile OFDM systems in terms of the complex weighting coefficients, which give the contribution of each transmitter subcarrier to each demodulated subcarrier. Then, we propose a new cancellation method to reduce the effects of Doppler frequency shift. The results show that by using the proposed cancellation scheme, the ICI can be reduced significantly.
{"title":"Intercarrier interference cancellation in OFDM mobile systems","authors":"Lan Yang, Ming Chen, Shixin Cheng, Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371740","url":null,"abstract":"Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the projected modulation of choice for fourth-generation broadband multimedia wireless systems. However, for mobile applications, channel variations during one OFDM symbol introduce intercarrier interference (ICI), which degrades the performance. This gets more severe as mobile speed, carrier frequency or OFDM symbol duration increases. We analyze ICI for mobile OFDM systems in terms of the complex weighting coefficients, which give the contribution of each transmitter subcarrier to each demodulated subcarrier. Then, we propose a new cancellation method to reduce the effects of Doppler frequency shift. The results show that by using the proposed cancellation scheme, the ICI can be reduced significantly.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127576563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-08-30DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371805
B. Mouhouche, Karim Abed-Meraim, S. Burykh
We propose a new blind interference scheme algorithm suitable for the direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS/CDMA) downlink. The interferer codes are unknown but the family to which they belong is supposed to be known. The proposed technique is blind in the sense that only the desired user's spreading code is assumed to be known a priori. The remaining parameters required for the interference cancellation such as spreading codes and energies of interfering users are estimated using subspace decomposition and projection on the family of codes. Fast and efficient implementations are discussed. Therefore, unlike standard interference cancellers which can be used only in the uplink, the proposed method can be implemented at the mobile terminal.
{"title":"Spreading code detection and blind interference cancellation for DS/CDMA downlink","authors":"B. Mouhouche, Karim Abed-Meraim, S. Burykh","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2004.1371805","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new blind interference scheme algorithm suitable for the direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS/CDMA) downlink. The interferer codes are unknown but the family to which they belong is supposed to be known. The proposed technique is blind in the sense that only the desired user's spreading code is assumed to be known a priori. The remaining parameters required for the interference cancellation such as spreading codes and energies of interfering users are estimated using subspace decomposition and projection on the family of codes. Fast and efficient implementations are discussed. Therefore, unlike standard interference cancellers which can be used only in the uplink, the proposed method can be implemented at the mobile terminal.","PeriodicalId":340769,"journal":{"name":"Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134196499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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