Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.19
І. Pugacheva, K. Osipenko, R. Kucherenko
The article is dedicated to solving issues posed to forensic experts while forensic structural engineering analysis (research), to determine the belonging of repair and construction work performed at construction facility (conducted or planned) to heavy or ongoing maintenance. Solution of issues encountered by forensic experts while conducting forensic structural engineering analyses as to attributing to a particular type of work (ongoing, heavy maintenance) is relevant for the theory and practice of forensic examinations and expert researches. Legislative acts, regulatory documents and other sources of information used when carrying out this type of research and being the basis for formation of final conclusions on performed researches have been analyzed. Discrepancies, uncertainty and complexity of data contained in these regulatory and information sources, their controversial nature, which complicates the choice of reference for these data and their use in solving expert tasks; and in particular cases it makes it impossible for forensic experts to formulate conclusions while forensic structural engineering analysis of these issues. Relying on the analysis of legislative acts, requirements for regulatory documents, as well as forensic expert practice, it has been concluded that it is needed to systematize and develop uniform methodological approaches to solve current tasks in forensic structural engineering to attribute types of repair and construction work to a specific classification.
{"title":"Problematic issues in forensic structural engineering analysis of attributing work at construction sites to ongoing and heavy maintenance","authors":"І. Pugacheva, K. Osipenko, R. Kucherenko","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.19","url":null,"abstract":" The article is dedicated to solving issues posed to forensic experts while forensic structural engineering analysis (research), to determine the belonging of repair and construction work performed at construction facility (conducted or planned) to heavy or ongoing maintenance. \u0000Solution of issues encountered by forensic experts while conducting forensic structural engineering analyses as to attributing to a particular type of work (ongoing, heavy maintenance) is relevant for the theory and practice of forensic examinations and expert researches. \u0000Legislative acts, regulatory documents and other sources of information used when carrying out this type of research and being the basis for formation of final conclusions on performed researches have been analyzed. \u0000Discrepancies, uncertainty and complexity of data contained in these regulatory and information sources, their controversial nature, which complicates the choice of reference for these data and their use in solving expert tasks; and in particular cases it makes it impossible for forensic experts to formulate conclusions while forensic structural engineering analysis of these issues. \u0000Relying on the analysis of legislative acts, requirements for regulatory documents, as well as forensic expert practice, it has been concluded that it is needed to systematize and develop uniform methodological approaches to solve current tasks in forensic structural engineering to attribute types of repair and construction work to a specific classification.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125234605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.28
O. Manulenko, T. Zanina, A. Kopytko, T. Cechin
The article purpose is to address problematic issues during forensic com-modity expertises on the evaluation of pets, in particular, to determine the material damage caused to an animal owner, in case of animal abuse and injuries, mutilation or death of an animal. The animal in this case is the object of civil relations. Carrying out forensic commodity expertises on evaluation of pets, in particular, to determine the material damage caused to an animal owner in case of animal abuse, requires an individual approach in each case, taking into account individual characteristics and obtaining complete initial data to identify objects of study.
{"title":"Problematic issues on the evaluation of domestic animals during forensic commodity expertises","authors":"O. Manulenko, T. Zanina, A. Kopytko, T. Cechin","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.28","url":null,"abstract":"The article purpose is to address problematic issues during forensic com-modity expertises on the evaluation of pets, in particular, to determine the material damage caused to an animal owner, in case of animal abuse and injuries, mutilation or death of an animal. The animal in this case is the object of civil relations. \u0000Carrying out forensic commodity expertises on evaluation of pets, in particular, to determine the material damage caused to an animal owner in case of animal abuse, requires an individual approach in each case, taking into account individual characteristics and obtaining complete initial data to identify objects of study.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124462879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.08
О. Kurdes
The article purpose is to substantiate the need to include psychological training in the general system of professional training of forensic experts as a component of the adaptation process to working conditions and proper performance by forensic experts of their official duties, the development ofregulatory support for this training, as well as ways of its implementation in work with the staff of state forensic expert institutions. It has been proved that the current regulatory framework for the professional training of forensic experts in the system of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine needs further improvement. We consider it necessary to develop a separate regulatory act on the organization of professional training of forensic experts of state forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, and we propose to add to the research work plan of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine the development of such guidelines as a separate topic of the research work (RW). Attention is focused on the need for psychological training as a priority area of work on the professional training of forensic experts.
{"title":"Features of the psychological training of forensic experts as a component of the adaptation process to working conditions","authors":"О. Kurdes","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article purpose is to substantiate the need to include psychological training in the general system of professional training of forensic experts as a component of the adaptation process to working conditions and proper performance by forensic experts of their official duties, the development ofregulatory support for this training, as well as ways of its implementation in work with the staff of state forensic expert institutions. \u0000It has been proved that the current regulatory framework for the professional training of forensic experts in the system of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine needs further improvement. We consider it necessary to develop a separate regulatory act on the organization of professional training of forensic experts of state forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, and we propose to add to the research work plan of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine the development of such guidelines as a separate topic of the research work (RW). Attention is focused on the need for psychological training as a priority area of work on the professional training of forensic experts.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132637683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.30
P. Antoniuk
Emergence of new independent units of forensic science is a logical result of the development of scientific knowledge and forensic expert activity, if such a process takes place on the basis of the developed methodological foundations of forensic science, which ensures the scientific nature of new types of forensic science, organizational and legal procedure for their conduct and the admissibility of their results to ensure justice. Ignoring scientific approaches in implementation of forensic activities in Ukraine and attempts to adapt it to the needs of investigative and judicial practice cannot but cause concern, especially when it comes to an attempt to substitute forensic science for the proof process. Article purpose is to conduct a methodological analysis of the topic, objects and tasks of forensic military science and its place in the modern general classification system of forensic science on the basis of the general theory of forensic expertology. Research methodology was made up of the provisions of materialist dialectics as a universal method of cognition, as well as a set of methods of formal logic for solving individual research tasks: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, comparison, deduction. While research, in order to establish formation consistency of military science as an independent stratification unit, its structural components were analyzed: topic, objects, tasks and specific expertise necessary for their solution. While conducted methodological analysis, it was found that formation of military science as an independent stratification unit of forensic examinations occurred in violation of the methodological foundations developed by forensic science and the evolutionary paths of the genesis of new species of forensic science. As a result of performed research, it was concluded that it is necessary to revise the place and essence of military science in the existing classification system offorensic science in Ukraine which will ensure the unity of the methodological approach to formation of new units of forensic science and guarantee declared principles of forensic science.
{"title":"Methodological analysis of military forensic science","authors":"P. Antoniuk","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.30","url":null,"abstract":"Emergence of new independent units of forensic science is a logical result of the development of scientific knowledge and forensic expert activity, if such a process takes place on the basis of the developed methodological foundations of forensic science, which ensures the scientific nature of new types of forensic science, organizational and legal procedure for their conduct and the admissibility of their results to ensure justice. Ignoring scientific approaches in implementation of forensic activities in Ukraine and attempts to adapt it to the needs of investigative and judicial practice cannot but cause concern, especially when it comes to an attempt to substitute forensic science for the proof process. Article purpose is to conduct a methodological analysis of the topic, objects and tasks of forensic military science and its place in the modern general classification system of forensic science on the basis of the general theory of forensic expertology. Research methodology was made up of the provisions of materialist dialectics as a universal method of cognition, as well as a set of methods of formal logic for solving individual research tasks: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, comparison, deduction. While research, in order to establish formation consistency of military science as an independent stratification unit, its structural components were analyzed: topic, objects, tasks and specific expertise necessary for their solution. While conducted methodological analysis, it was found that formation of military science as an independent stratification unit of forensic examinations occurred in violation of the methodological foundations developed by forensic science and the evolutionary paths of the genesis of new species of forensic science. As a result of performed research, it was concluded that it is necessary to revise the place and essence of military science in the existing classification system offorensic science in Ukraine which will ensure the unity of the methodological approach to formation of new units of forensic science and guarantee declared principles of forensic science.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126624888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.18
T. Dudnyk, L. Chintea
Currently, forensic methods and regulations in the field of construction do not explain how quality of work affects the procedure of forensic examinations and research related to determining the work scope. While carrying out building and renovation services, it is possible to control provided construction and renovation services, establish their physical volume and quality. While research, forensic expert can identify violations of building codes, as well as determine the cost of refurbishment or elimination of defects made providing services. The scoop of performed works is determined by geometric parameters of construction elements, established during field surveys using design and as-built documentation. While carrying out field surveys, it is necessary (along with the determination of service scope) to pay attention to the compliance of the work performed with the requirements of building codes. The article outlines problematic issues and provides a list of basic indicators determining the scoop and quality of the construction works carried out, indicated in the reporting documentation drawn up by contractors based on results of activities in the field of construction. Actual issue arising in the establishment of the scoop and cost of construction work is considered that quality does not meet the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of construction. It is explained how the quality of the work performed affects the results of research related to the determination of the actually completed volumes of repair, building and renovation and construction work.
{"title":"Quality consideration of building and renovation works while forensic structural inspections to determine the volume and cost of construction","authors":"T. Dudnyk, L. Chintea","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.18","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, forensic methods and regulations in the field of construction do not explain how quality of work affects the procedure of forensic examinations and research related to determining the work scope. \u0000While carrying out building and renovation services, it is possible to control provided construction and renovation services, establish their physical volume and quality. While research, forensic expert can identify violations of building codes, as well as determine the cost of refurbishment or elimination of defects made providing services. \u0000The scoop of performed works is determined by geometric parameters of construction elements, established during field surveys using design and as-built documentation. \u0000While carrying out field surveys, it is necessary (along with the determination of service scope) to pay attention to the compliance of the work performed with the requirements of building codes. \u0000The article outlines problematic issues and provides a list of basic indicators determining the scoop and quality of the construction works carried out, indicated in the reporting documentation drawn up by contractors based on results of activities in the field of construction. Actual issue arising in the establishment of the scoop and cost of construction work is considered that quality does not meet the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of construction. \u0000It is explained how the quality of the work performed affects the results of research related to the determination of the actually completed volumes of repair, building and renovation and construction work.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"487 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133795223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.11
Y. Agalidi, O. Koshel
While research on destroyed relief marking of metal objects using the magneto-optical method, visualization of (invisible) fields of internal stress in the VIN plate area is performed and then a forensic analysis of obtained instrumental data is carried out (indirect organoleptic observation of the visualization results); thus, forensic analysis reliability of results directly depends on sensitivity of instruments and informativeness of instrumental data. The main quantitative characteristic in this case is probability of correct signal recognition (contours of marking signs) against the background of noise (structural noise of investigated surface and the noise of the visualization method itself) determined by the signal-to-noise ratio. This article presents results of a comparative experimental assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and probability of correct signal recognition while restoringthe destroyed relief markings for two complexes of magneto-optical imaging – models of 2006 and 2018. This article purpose is a quantitative and qualitative comparative assessment of results of visualization of internal stresses in areas of completely removed relief marking of metal objects. The results of successful practical research obtained by forensic experts from different countries make it possible to assess effectiveness and prospects of using the magneto-optical imaging method. In a new modification of the magneto-optical complex: signal level is 4.35 dB higher (contrast of reconstructed marking signs); 2.71 dB lower noise level (surface relief/texture and magnetic copying noise);• probability of correct character recognition is P> 0.995 (increased by 14.9%). Technical improvements in implementation of magneto-optical visualization method made it possible to expand the range of materials for research objects(magnetic and electrically conductive materials were investigated). The high efficiency of method for restoring marking is illustrated by results of forensic examinations for materials with a low level of residual stresses (aluminum alloy, low-carbon steel) which chemical etching method did not give results for. The use of new modification allows examining the rust layer, up to cases of corrosion to the entire depth of marks. Considering non-destructive nature of magneto-optical researches, possibility of their repeated repetition without losing object properties, this method (in accordance with the order of application of types of studies) deserves more attention for application.
{"title":"Increasing reliability of forensic analysis while research on destroyed relief marking with magneto-optical devices","authors":"Y. Agalidi, O. Koshel","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"While research on destroyed relief marking of metal objects using the magneto-optical method, visualization of (invisible) fields of internal stress in the VIN plate area is performed and then a forensic analysis of obtained instrumental data is carried out (indirect organoleptic observation of the visualization results); thus, forensic analysis reliability of results directly depends on sensitivity of instruments and informativeness of instrumental data. \u0000The main quantitative characteristic in this case is probability of correct signal recognition (contours of marking signs) against the background of noise (structural noise of investigated surface and the noise of the visualization method itself) determined by the signal-to-noise ratio. \u0000This article presents results of a comparative experimental assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and probability of correct signal recognition while restoringthe destroyed relief markings for two complexes of magneto-optical imaging – models of 2006 and 2018. \u0000This article purpose is a quantitative and qualitative comparative assessment of results of visualization of internal stresses in areas of completely removed relief marking of metal objects. The results of successful practical research obtained by forensic experts from different countries make it possible to assess effectiveness and prospects of using the magneto-optical imaging method. \u0000In a new modification of the magneto-optical complex: \u0000 \u0000signal level is 4.35 dB higher (contrast of reconstructed marking signs); \u00002.71 dB lower noise level (surface relief/texture and magnetic copying noise);• probability of correct character recognition is P> 0.995 (increased by 14.9%). \u0000 \u0000Technical improvements in implementation of magneto-optical visualization method made it possible to expand the range of materials for research objects(magnetic and electrically conductive materials were investigated). \u0000The high efficiency of method for restoring marking is illustrated by results of forensic examinations for materials with a low level of residual stresses (aluminum alloy, low-carbon steel) which chemical etching method did not give results for. \u0000The use of new modification allows examining the rust layer, up to cases of corrosion to the entire depth of marks. \u0000Considering non-destructive nature of magneto-optical researches, possibility of their repeated repetition without losing object properties, this method (in accordance with the order of application of types of studies) deserves more attention for application.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130763702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.03
I. Pyrih, V. Prihodko
Problems of criminal records classification have been studied. The article considers classification of criminal records according to the main criteria: intended purpose, degree of centralization and functional (target) purpose. Criminal records develop and operate within various state bodies of Ukraine, therefore records can be classified by intended purpose as follows: records of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; State Tax Service of Ukraine; State Customs Service of Ukraine; Security Service of Ukraine; State Bureau of Investigation of National Anti-Corruption Bureau; General Prosecutor’s Office, etc.All of them are aimed at facilitating investigation of criminal offenses. At the same time, criminal records of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, in turn include records of: the National Police of Ukraine, functioning in the department of information and analytical support; State Border Guard Service of Ukraine; State Migration Service of Ukraine; Main service center of MIA of Ukraine; Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. It has been proved that according to the degree of centralization, records should be divided into central, regional and local; but at the same time, the virtual absence of records in the expert service at the local level is stressed, which is confirmed by results of studying case files of criminal proceedings and interviews of investigators. According to the view of authors, criminal record keeping of objects at the local level in the general classification should be left for further consideration, but responsibility for its formation and functioning should be assigned to the city departments of technical and forensic support of police. Classification of criminal records by functional (target) purpose into search and reference ones is substantiated. At the same time, it is noted that reference and support records in the form of collections have lost their meaning today and cannot make up the system of criminal records. In view of the authors, they can be characterized as information databases formed and operating in cyberspace and that can be both freely available and owned by enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals. In practice, this type of record keeping practically non-existent which is evidenced by studying work results of investigative police departments and expert service.
{"title":"Criminal records: problems of classification","authors":"I. Pyrih, V. Prihodko","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Problems of criminal records classification have been studied. The article considers classification of criminal records according to the main criteria: intended purpose, degree of centralization and functional (target) purpose. \u0000Criminal records develop and operate within various state bodies of Ukraine, therefore records can be classified by intended purpose as follows: records of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; State Tax Service of Ukraine; State Customs Service of Ukraine; Security Service of Ukraine; State Bureau of Investigation of National Anti-Corruption Bureau; General Prosecutor’s Office, etc.All of them are aimed at facilitating investigation of criminal offenses. At the same time, criminal records of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, in turn include records of: the National Police of Ukraine, functioning in the department of information and analytical support; State Border Guard Service of Ukraine; State Migration Service of Ukraine; Main service center of MIA of Ukraine; Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. \u0000It has been proved that according to the degree of centralization, records should be divided into central, regional and local; but at the same time, the virtual absence of records in the expert service at the local level is stressed, which is confirmed by results of studying case files of criminal proceedings and interviews of investigators. According to the view of authors, criminal record keeping of objects at the local level in the general classification should be left for further consideration, but responsibility for its formation and functioning should be assigned to the city departments of technical and forensic support of police. \u0000Classification of criminal records by functional (target) purpose into search and reference ones is substantiated. At the same time, it is noted that reference and support records in the form of collections have lost their meaning today and cannot make up the system of criminal records. In view of the authors, they can be characterized as information databases formed and operating in cyberspace and that can be both freely available and owned by enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals. In practice, this type of record keeping practically non-existent which is evidenced by studying work results of investigative police departments and expert service.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.09
A. Tomashevska, O. Tomashevsky
In modern international conditions, cooperation with representatives of other countries is becoming an objective need for pre-trial investigation bodies and forensic science institutions. And it requires not only the improvement of current forms and methods of negotiations but also the search for new forms of cooperation between countries based on mutual interests. The Article purpose is to identify problem areas in holding scientific events in round table format as a means of finding solutions to detected issues in the field of forensic science at the regional and international levels. Recommendations for enhancing efficiency in round tables holding have been developed. While research, the main issues leading to unsuccessful organization of round tables as a result of inconsistencies, lack of interactivity, insufficient argumentation framework, uncontrolled polyphonic discussion, inability to justify and develop their point of view have been considered. Referring to the analysis of held round tables, a number of recommendations have been created and several methods have been developed for successful holding in the form of project with a clear division of preparation stages and allocation of specific tasks at each stage. Validity of obtained results and conclusions is ensured thanks to general scientific and special research methods, being means for research, in particular for observation and formal logic (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction); the systemic and structural method was used to define peculiarities in holding of business meetings. Implementation of these recommendations into forensic expert practice while business meetings will contribute to search for rational ways of problems solution, exchange of experience at the regional and international levels with forensic experts from leading countries of the world.
{"title":"Topical aspects of round table holding at the current stage of forensic science institutions development","authors":"A. Tomashevska, O. Tomashevsky","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":" In modern international conditions, cooperation with representatives of other countries is becoming an objective need for pre-trial investigation bodies and forensic science institutions. And it requires not only the improvement of current forms and methods of negotiations but also the search for new forms of cooperation between countries based on mutual interests. \u0000The Article purpose is to identify problem areas in holding scientific events in round table format as a means of finding solutions to detected issues in the field of forensic science at the regional and international levels. Recommendations for enhancing efficiency in round tables holding have been developed. \u0000While research, the main issues leading to unsuccessful organization of round tables as a result of inconsistencies, lack of interactivity, insufficient argumentation framework, uncontrolled polyphonic discussion, inability to justify and develop their point of view have been considered. \u0000Referring to the analysis of held round tables, a number of recommendations have been created and several methods have been developed for successful holding in the form of project with a clear division of preparation stages and allocation of specific tasks at each stage. \u0000Validity of obtained results and conclusions is ensured thanks to general scientific and special research methods, being means for research, in particular for observation and formal logic (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction); the systemic and structural method was used to define peculiarities in holding of business meetings. \u0000Implementation of these recommendations into forensic expert practice while business meetings will contribute to search for rational ways of problems solution, exchange of experience at the regional and international levels with forensic experts from leading countries of the world.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129648393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.10
O. Drobysheva, D. Gaydamakina, O. Cataraga, Dr. S. Alămoreanu
At the present stage, the objects of forensic handwriting analysis are signatures performed with a significant gap in time. In this case, such objects are both signatures in studied documents, made at different intervals and studied signatures performed in relation to the comparative material with a time gap. Establishing stability of signature signs depending on performing time is possible taking into account characteristic signs of the stages of the signature handwriting formation. Since the factors causing changes in signatures are a lengthy process of forming the signature skill and the amount of signature practice (that is how often a person has to sign). While research on signatures that are at the formation stage, different signs, established together with significant coinciding signs canindicate a further improvement of movements. In personsof middle age (30-60 years old) who have a formed signature handwriting, significant changes do not occur over time until they stop practicing writing. While research on elderly people signatures along with the established coinciding signs, differing ones appear: signs of ataxia, decreased coordination of movements, low coherence of written signs, etc. These signs indicate degradation of movements due to physiological changes in the body in old age and a decrease in writing practice including practice of performing signature. Considering the above, research on signatures performed with a significant time gap is a rather complicated process that often causes difficulties when forensic expert evaluates revealed signs. Within the framework of this research paper, the authors focused on some topical issues existing in modern forensic expert practice of handwriting analyses of signatures performed with a significant time gap. The state of development of modern practical handwriting studies requires improvement of methodological approaches to this type of research. Currently, forensic experts are conducting R&D on the topic: “Improving research methods of signatures performed with a significant gap in time” which relevance is due to the need to improve forensic expert algorithm while handwriting research on signatures performed with a significant gap in time, as well as requirements of modern scientific standards.
{"title":"Topical issues of handwriting analysis of signatures performed with a significant gap in time","authors":"O. Drobysheva, D. Gaydamakina, O. Cataraga, Dr. S. Alămoreanu","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"At the present stage, the objects of forensic handwriting analysis are signatures performed with a significant gap in time. In this case, such objects are both signatures in studied documents, made at different intervals and studied signatures performed in relation to the comparative material with a time gap. \u0000Establishing stability of signature signs depending on performing time is possible taking into account characteristic signs of the stages of the signature handwriting formation. Since the factors causing changes in signatures are a lengthy process of forming the signature skill and the amount of signature practice (that is how often a person has to sign). While research on signatures that are at the formation stage, different signs, established together with significant coinciding signs canindicate a further improvement of movements. In personsof middle age (30-60 years old) who have a formed signature handwriting, significant changes do not occur over time until they stop practicing writing. While research on elderly people signatures along with the established coinciding signs, differing ones appear: signs of ataxia, decreased coordination of movements, low coherence of written signs, etc. These signs indicate degradation of movements due to physiological changes in the body in old age and a decrease in writing practice including practice of performing signature. \u0000Considering the above, research on signatures performed with a significant time gap is a rather complicated process that often causes difficulties when forensic expert evaluates revealed signs. Within the framework of this research paper, the authors focused on some topical issues existing in modern forensic expert practice of handwriting analyses of signatures performed with a significant time gap. \u0000The state of development of modern practical handwriting studies requires improvement of methodological approaches to this type of research. Currently, forensic experts are conducting R&D on the topic: “Improving research methods of signatures performed with a significant gap in time” which relevance is due to the need to improve forensic expert algorithm while handwriting research on signatures performed with a significant gap in time, as well as requirements of modern scientific standards.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124839902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.32353/khrife.1.2021.29
Т. Kharina, О. Herasimenko
Theoretical, methodological and practical aspects in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal person are outlined. Peculiarities of forensic psychological analysis in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal entity are studied. Referring to forensic expert practice, the object, subject, tasks of this subject type of forensic psychological analysis are determined. Issues which are solved by forensic psychologicalanalysis in cases on invaliding transaction are indicated. Boundaries of a forensic psychologist competence are outlined. Recommendations are provided as to the reference list of source data required for conducting forensic psychological analysis. Based on forensic expert practice, an algorithm for analyzing source data when conducting a forensic psychological analysis in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal entity is outlined. The main components that should be identified when conducting a forensic examination of this subject type of forensic psychological analysis are indicated. The experience of scientists and practitioners demonstrates that a problem of will is inseparable from problems of personality, consciousness, self-awareness, motives, needs, emotions, cognitive activity of a person. Considering that intellectual, volitional and emotional processes, states and personality traits act in interconnection, this type of research (as one of the complex subject types of forensic psychological analysis) requires further theoretical analysis of the objective and subjective factors of a person wrong actions (entity of civil law relations) in legally significant circumstances to solve methodological and practical tasks of expertology.
{"title":"Forensic psychological analysis in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal person","authors":"Т. Kharina, О. Herasimenko","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2021.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.29","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical, methodological and practical aspects in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal person are outlined. \u0000Peculiarities of forensic psychological analysis in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal entity are studied. Referring to forensic expert practice, the object, subject, tasks of this subject type of forensic psychological analysis are determined. Issues which are solved by forensic psychologicalanalysis in cases on invaliding transaction are indicated. Boundaries of a forensic psychologist competence are outlined. Recommendations are provided as to the reference list of source data required for conducting forensic psychological analysis. Based on forensic expert practice, an algorithm for analyzing source data when conducting a forensic psychological analysis in cases of invalidating a transaction concluded by a legal entity is outlined. The main components that should be identified when conducting a forensic examination of this subject type of forensic psychological analysis are indicated. The experience of scientists and practitioners demonstrates that a problem of will is inseparable from problems of personality, consciousness, self-awareness, motives, needs, emotions, cognitive activity of a person. Considering that intellectual, volitional and emotional processes, states and personality traits act in interconnection, this type of research (as one of the complex subject types of forensic psychological analysis) requires further theoretical analysis of the objective and subjective factors of a person wrong actions (entity of civil law relations) in legally significant circumstances to solve methodological and practical tasks of expertology.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127400513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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