Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.33
Aasma Aziz, I. Batool
This experimental research has been designed to explore the impact of visual cues (visual clips) of school stress on student’s mood and academic performance. It was aimed at investigating the relation between positive guided imagery and negative mood. Participants in the study included 90 boys and 95 girls (N = 185) with the age range of 10-14 years. The sample was randomly selected from different public and private schools of Multan and Bahawalpur. They were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 had negative Mood Induction Procedure (MIP) only; group 2 was treated with negative mood induction procedure which was followed by a Positive Guided Imagery (PGI). Students completed demographic sheet and School Situation Survey (Helms & Gablem, 1989) prior to experimentation. The results revealed that academic performance decreases after negative mood induction but not after positive guided imagery. Both groups showed insignificant difference at pre and post-induction 1 level, while a significant difference was found between both groups at post induction phase 2.
{"title":"Effects of Mood and School Related Stress on Academic Performance: A Mood Induction Investigation","authors":"Aasma Aziz, I. Batool","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.33","url":null,"abstract":"This experimental research has been designed to explore the impact of visual cues (visual clips) of school stress on student’s mood and academic performance. It was aimed at investigating the relation between positive guided imagery and negative mood. Participants in the study included 90 boys and 95 girls (N = 185) with the age range of 10-14 years. The sample was randomly selected from different public and private schools of Multan and Bahawalpur. They were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 had negative Mood Induction Procedure (MIP) only; group 2 was treated with negative mood induction procedure which was followed by a Positive Guided Imagery (PGI). Students completed demographic sheet and School Situation Survey (Helms & Gablem, 1989) prior to experimentation. The results revealed that academic performance decreases after negative mood induction but not after positive guided imagery. Both groups showed insignificant difference at pre and post-induction 1 level, while a significant difference was found between both groups at post induction phase 2.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116284350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.36
Palwasha Ishrat Ali, Tahira Yousaf
The aim of the present research was to explore the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation amongst young adults. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation. A sample of 253 participants aged 18 to 35 were approached through an online medium utilizing convenience sampling technique. Childhood emotional abuse was measured using Comprehensive Child Maltreatment Scale (Higgins & McCabe, 2001) and emotion dysregulation was measured by using the Difficulties in Emotional Dysregulation Scale by Victor and Klonsky (2016). The findings of these self-reported scales revealed a significant weak positive relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation. Moreover, there were also significant differences in emotion regulation based on birth order and marital status. The results of current research can acquaint people about the disturbances of childhood emotional abuse into adulthood. Future researches must try to ascertain mechanisms with which emotional abuse might cause emotion dysregulation.
本研究的目的是探讨青少年童年情绪虐待与情绪失调之间的关系。假设童年时期的情绪虐待与情绪失调之间存在显著的关系。通过在线媒介，利用便利抽样技术，对年龄在18至35岁之间的253名参与者进行了抽样调查。儿童情绪虐待采用综合儿童虐待量表(Higgins & McCabe, 2001)测量，情绪失调采用Victor and Klonsky(2016)的情绪失调困难量表(difficulty in emotional dysregulation Scale)测量。这些自述量表的发现揭示了儿童情绪虐待与情绪失调之间存在显著的弱正相关。此外，出生顺序和婚姻状况在情绪调节方面也存在显著差异。目前的研究结果可以使人们了解童年情绪虐待对成年的影响。未来的研究必须试图确定情绪虐待可能导致情绪失调的机制。
{"title":"Emotional Dysregulation among Young Adults: Relationship with Childhood Emotional Abuse","authors":"Palwasha Ishrat Ali, Tahira Yousaf","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.36","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present research was to explore the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation amongst young adults. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation. A sample of 253 participants aged 18 to 35 were approached through an online medium utilizing convenience sampling technique. Childhood emotional abuse was measured using Comprehensive Child Maltreatment Scale (Higgins & McCabe, 2001) and emotion dysregulation was measured by using the Difficulties in Emotional Dysregulation Scale by Victor and Klonsky (2016). The findings of these self-reported scales revealed a significant weak positive relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation. Moreover, there were also significant differences in emotion regulation based on birth order and marital status. The results of current research can acquaint people about the disturbances of childhood emotional abuse into adulthood. Future researches must try to ascertain mechanisms with which emotional abuse might cause emotion dysregulation.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124119309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.39
N. Yasmeen, R. Kausar
The study aims to investigate the relationship of perceived threat of terrorism, stress appraisal and psychological distress in College and University students. Four hundred students of ages 19 to 22 years (M = 20.01, SD = 1.05) were recruited from different Colleges and Universities of Lahore. The research protocol consisted of Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (Sinclair & LoCicero, 2007), Stress Appraisal Measure (Peacock & Wong, 1990) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (Horowitz et al., 1979). The data was analyzed by using Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that threat challenge, centrality, uncontrollable and stressfulness(subscales of stress appraisal) had significant positive relationship with helplessness, rumination, psychological distress, intrusion, avoidance and arousal (subscales of psychological distress), negative relationship of perceived threat of terrorism with appraisal of challenge, controllability by self and controllability by other. Moreover, the results showed that threat, centrality and rumination were significant positive predictors of psychological distress. Findings of the study will help in developing interventions for students who feel high level of psychological distress because of perceived threat of terrorism.
{"title":"Perceived Threat of Terrorism, Stress Appraisal and Psychological Distress in College and University Students","authors":"N. Yasmeen, R. Kausar","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.39","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to investigate the relationship of perceived threat of terrorism, stress appraisal and psychological distress in College and University students. Four hundred students of ages 19 to 22 years (M = 20.01, SD = 1.05) were recruited from different Colleges and Universities of Lahore. The research protocol consisted of Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (Sinclair & LoCicero, 2007), Stress Appraisal Measure (Peacock & Wong, 1990) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (Horowitz et al., 1979). The data was analyzed by using Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that threat challenge, centrality, uncontrollable and stressfulness(subscales of stress appraisal) had significant positive relationship with helplessness, rumination, psychological distress, intrusion, avoidance and arousal (subscales of psychological distress), negative relationship of perceived threat of terrorism with appraisal of challenge, controllability by self and controllability by other. Moreover, the results showed that threat, centrality and rumination were significant positive predictors of psychological distress. Findings of the study will help in developing interventions for students who feel high level of psychological distress because of perceived threat of terrorism.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130756798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.30
N. Yaqoob, S. Ahsan, Rubina Hanif
Literature emphasizes that there is an increasing need to assess underlying suicide intent among patients with self-harm. Since, Beck Suicide Intent Scale (Beck, 1991) is most frequently used instrument to assess underlying suicide intent in clinical setting, the aim of present research was to translate Beck Suicide Intent Scale into Urdu, to examine cross-cultural validation and estimate reliability of Urdu translated scale; a cross-sectional research design was used. A clinical sample of forty patients with self-harm with age of 18 to 35 years was collected from different mental health departments of hospitals in Rawalpindi, Multan and Jehlum, Pakistan. Study was conducted in two phases; in phase I Urdu translation of Beck Suicide Intent Scale was carried out using guidelines by Brislin (1970). In phase II, cross-language validation was conducted through test-retest Cronbach alpha reliability estimation and item-total correlations. Results of current research revealed that Urdu-Urdu group had high correlation coefficients than English-English with acceptable Cronbach alpha reliabilities were adequate. Moreover, significant positive item correlation with composite score of Beck Suicide Intent Scale was found. The findings of current research established that Urdu-version of Beck Suicide Intent scale was reliable and valid for use in Pakistani culture.
{"title":"Urdu Translation and Validation of Beck Suicide Intent Scale Among Patients with Self-Harming Behavior","authors":"N. Yaqoob, S. Ahsan, Rubina Hanif","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.30","url":null,"abstract":"Literature emphasizes that there is an increasing need to assess underlying suicide intent among patients with self-harm. Since, Beck Suicide Intent Scale (Beck, 1991) is most frequently used instrument to assess underlying suicide intent in clinical setting, the aim of present research was to translate Beck Suicide Intent Scale into Urdu, to examine cross-cultural validation and estimate reliability of Urdu translated scale; a cross-sectional research design was used. A clinical sample of forty patients with self-harm with age of 18 to 35 years was collected from different mental health departments of hospitals in Rawalpindi, Multan and Jehlum, Pakistan. Study was conducted in two phases; in phase I Urdu translation of Beck Suicide Intent Scale was carried out using guidelines by Brislin (1970). In phase II, cross-language validation was conducted through test-retest Cronbach alpha reliability estimation and item-total correlations. Results of current research revealed that Urdu-Urdu group had high correlation coefficients than English-English with acceptable Cronbach alpha reliabilities were adequate. Moreover, significant positive item correlation with composite score of Beck Suicide Intent Scale was found. The findings of current research established that Urdu-version of Beck Suicide Intent scale was reliable and valid for use in Pakistani culture.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116571549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.42
Sadia Rao, Shamaila Asad, Aamir Latif
The current study aims to explore death anxiety, social support and medication adherence in people living with HIV/AIDS. 150 HIV/AIDS people, including men and women with ages ranging from 20 to 55 (M = 36.44), made up the entire sample. Data was collected through purposive sampling strategy and Correlation research design applied. The following instruments were utilised in the current study: a demographic information sheet, the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970), the Multidisciplinary Scale of Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (Plant et al., 1995). To interpret the research data, descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, Mediation via Process Analysis, and Regression Analysis were used. The results showed a strong favorable association between social support and medicine adherence, but no significant relationship between social support and death anxiety. In Pakistan, the HIV epidemic is moving into a new stage, with the possibility that it will spread through generational transmission. At this point, social support and adherence to ARV treatment are vital for those living with HIV/AIDS.
目前的研究旨在探讨艾滋病患者的死亡焦虑、社会支持和药物依从性。150名艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者组成了整个样本，包括年龄在20到55岁之间的男性和女性(M = 36.44)。数据收集采用目的性抽样策略和相关研究设计。本研究使用了以下工具:人口统计信息表、死亡焦虑量表(Templer, 1970)、多学科社会支持量表(Zimet et al.， 1988)和治疗动机问卷(Plant et al.， 1995)。为了解释研究数据，我们使用了描述性统计、Pearson积差相关分析、过程中介分析和回归分析。结果表明，社会支持对药物依从性有显著的正向影响，而对死亡焦虑无显著影响。在巴基斯坦，艾滋病毒流行病正在进入一个新的阶段，有可能通过代际传播而蔓延。在这一点上，社会支持和坚持抗逆转录病毒药物治疗对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者至关重要。
{"title":"Death Anxiety, Social Support and Medication Adherence in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Pakistan","authors":"Sadia Rao, Shamaila Asad, Aamir Latif","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.42","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to explore death anxiety, social support and medication adherence in people living with HIV/AIDS. 150 HIV/AIDS people, including men and women with ages ranging from 20 to 55 (M = 36.44), made up the entire sample. Data was collected through purposive sampling strategy and Correlation research design applied. The following instruments were utilised in the current study: a demographic information sheet, the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970), the Multidisciplinary Scale of Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (Plant et al., 1995). To interpret the research data, descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, Mediation via Process Analysis, and Regression Analysis were used. The results showed a strong favorable association between social support and medicine adherence, but no significant relationship between social support and death anxiety. In Pakistan, the HIV epidemic is moving into a new stage, with the possibility that it will spread through generational transmission. At this point, social support and adherence to ARV treatment are vital for those living with HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133232038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.46
N. Kausar, A. Pervaiz, B. Akram, Namra Shahzadi, B. Bibi
The major objective of this study was to develop an indigenous tool to assess emotional and behavioral problems for adolescents in Pakistan. The study consisted on two phases where in the Phase I, an indigenous scale was developed by generating the item pool of 136 items on the basis of semi-structured interviews (n = 28) with adolescents following internalizing/ externalizing problems framework by Achenbach and Edelbrock (1991). The interviews were analyzed by using thematic analysis technique and consequently 136 items were formulated on the basis of extracted themes. The scale comprising 136 items was administered in try out study after the content validity estimated by the experts from relevant field. In phase 2 the scale was administered on the sample of 1120 adolescents from government and private educational institutes for the purpose of establishing the psychometric properties of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis (n = 560) was fixed at 8 factors structure including 54 items. Confirmatory factor analysis (n = 560) resulted in 8 confirmed factors consisting of 32 items. The Cronbach alpha of the scale was α (.92). It is concluded that the locally developed scale can be used to screen out the adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems so that they can refer to further assessment or counselling services.
{"title":"Development of Emotional and Behavioral Problems Scale for Adolescents","authors":"N. Kausar, A. Pervaiz, B. Akram, Namra Shahzadi, B. Bibi","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.46","url":null,"abstract":"The major objective of this study was to develop an indigenous tool to assess emotional and behavioral problems for adolescents in Pakistan. The study consisted on two phases where in the Phase I, an indigenous scale was developed by generating the item pool of 136 items on the basis of semi-structured interviews (n = 28) with adolescents following internalizing/ externalizing problems framework by Achenbach and Edelbrock (1991). The interviews were analyzed by using thematic analysis technique and consequently 136 items were formulated on the basis of extracted themes. The scale comprising 136 items was administered in try out study after the content validity estimated by the experts from relevant field. In phase 2 the scale was administered on the sample of 1120 adolescents from government and private educational institutes for the purpose of establishing the psychometric properties of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis (n = 560) was fixed at 8 factors structure including 54 items. Confirmatory factor analysis (n = 560) resulted in 8 confirmed factors consisting of 32 items. The Cronbach alpha of the scale was α (.92). It is concluded that the locally developed scale can be used to screen out the adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems so that they can refer to further assessment or counselling services.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131172778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.34
Bushra Sajid, Roomana Zeb, M. Riaz
The aim of the study was to translate, adapt and validate the original 13-item English version of Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity Scale (IRSS; Rohner et al., 2020) into Urdu language to facilitate administration on Pakistani adults. The study followed three stages: Translation and adaptation, linguistic equivalence with cross validation, and establishing psychometric properties of translated Urdu version of IRSS. The sample for stage II comprised of 100 adults above 18 years of age selected through convenience sampling technique. The results showed significant correlation (r = .84) between both English and Urdu versions of the IRSS. Similarly, inter-item correlation of English items and Urdu items showed significant correlations with an exception of only item 3 and item 12. Moreover, value of Cronbach's alpha (α = .72) illustrated the internal consistency of Urdu version of IRSS. In stage III of the study, Exploratory Factor Analysis run on a separate sample (N = 200) of adults indicated that the Urdu version of the IRSS is a standardized measure like the original English IRSS as all the items were significantly loaded; only items number 3 and 12 that did not load on the scale. Therefore, after excluding item number 3 and 12 with the permission of Rohner Research Publications, it is concluded that the 11-item Urdu translation of IRSS is a valid and reliable scale (α = .83) to measure interpersonal rejection-sensitivity among Pakistani population.
{"title":"Urdu Translation and Adaptation of Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity Scale","authors":"Bushra Sajid, Roomana Zeb, M. Riaz","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.34","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to translate, adapt and validate the original 13-item English version of Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity Scale (IRSS; Rohner et al., 2020) into Urdu language to facilitate administration on Pakistani adults. The study followed three stages: Translation and adaptation, linguistic equivalence with cross validation, and establishing psychometric properties of translated Urdu version of IRSS. The sample for stage II comprised of 100 adults above 18 years of age selected through convenience sampling technique. The results showed significant correlation (r = .84) between both English and Urdu versions of the IRSS. Similarly, inter-item correlation of English items and Urdu items showed significant correlations with an exception of only item 3 and item 12. Moreover, value of Cronbach's alpha (α = .72) illustrated the internal consistency of Urdu version of IRSS. In stage III of the study, Exploratory Factor Analysis run on a separate sample (N = 200) of adults indicated that the Urdu version of the IRSS is a standardized measure like the original English IRSS as all the items were significantly loaded; only items number 3 and 12 that did not load on the scale. Therefore, after excluding item number 3 and 12 with the permission of Rohner Research Publications, it is concluded that the 11-item Urdu translation of IRSS is a valid and reliable scale (α = .83) to measure interpersonal rejection-sensitivity among Pakistani population.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134455083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.40
Syeda B. Zahra, J. Malik
This study investigated the role of family competence, with mediation by family conflict and moderation by gender, in determining sense of responsibility in young adults. The sample (N = 606) consisted of university students (men = 140, women = 433) with age ranging from 19-25 years (M = 20.70, SD = 1.90). Self- Report Family Inventory II (Beavers & Hampson, 2000) and Personal Responsibility Scale (Mergler, 2016) were used and results indicated a significantly negative relationship between family competence and sense of responsibility, contrary to our hypothesis. However, it was observed that conflict mediates between the effects of family competence on sense of responsibility, and that females score higher on sense of responsibility, both in line with the study’s hypotheses. Gender as a moderator for the effect of family conflict on sense of responsibility presented a significant relationship. Furthermore, the interaction between conflict and gender was significant. The regression model showed a significant direct conditional effect at low levels between competence and sense of responsibility, as well as a significant indirect effect at low and medium levels between competence and sense of responsibility, while a mediated effect at high level can also be observed. Findings can be used for parental awareness regarding the psychological needs of our target demographic.
{"title":"Explaining Sense of Responsibility with Family Competence: Mediation by Family Conflict and Moderation by Gender","authors":"Syeda B. Zahra, J. Malik","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.40","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the role of family competence, with mediation by family conflict and moderation by gender, in determining sense of responsibility in young adults. The sample (N = 606) consisted of university students (men = 140, women = 433) with age ranging from 19-25 years (M = 20.70, SD = 1.90). Self- Report Family Inventory II (Beavers & Hampson, 2000) and Personal Responsibility Scale (Mergler, 2016) were used and results indicated a significantly negative relationship between family competence and sense of responsibility, contrary to our hypothesis. However, it was observed that conflict mediates between the effects of family competence on sense of responsibility, and that females score higher on sense of responsibility, both in line with the study’s hypotheses. Gender as a moderator for the effect of family conflict on sense of responsibility presented a significant relationship. Furthermore, the interaction between conflict and gender was significant. The regression model showed a significant direct conditional effect at low levels between competence and sense of responsibility, as well as a significant indirect effect at low and medium levels between competence and sense of responsibility, while a mediated effect at high level can also be observed. Findings can be used for parental awareness regarding the psychological needs of our target demographic.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128700917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.44
S. Qayyum, Faiz Younas, Shahnila Tariq
Conflicts occupy a pertinent role in every aspect of human life and organizational settings are not an exception. In the absence of indigenous, comprehensive and latest assessment measures for organizational conflict types and management styles, the present study aimed to develop and validate inventories for both constructs by converging on the sociocultural context. Ensuing an exploratory sequential design, the investigation started with a qualitative study in which five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 30 professionals (including teachers, bankers, engineers, managers and doctors) who shared their experiences of organizational conflicts by highlighting types and management styles. From an initial pool of 137 items (65 & 72 items respectively), the subject matter experts finalized 55 items each for organizational conflict types and management style inventories. In study II, exploratory factor analysis was administered on a sample of 400 adult professionals resulting in a six-factor Qayyum-Younas Organizational Conflict Types Inventory (QY-OCTI) with 40 items. It was later confirmed by running a Confirmatory Factor Analysis on another sample of 400 professionals. In study III, EFA was conducted on a sample of 310 participants that revealed a six-factor model of the Qayyum-Younas Organizational Conflict Management Styles Inventory (QY-OCMSI) with 48 items and this model was later confirmed by running CFA on a sample of 490 participants. These scales have significant research, academic and organizational setting-based implications.
{"title":"Construction and Validation of Organizational Conflict Types and Conflict Management Styles Inventories","authors":"S. Qayyum, Faiz Younas, Shahnila Tariq","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.44","url":null,"abstract":"Conflicts occupy a pertinent role in every aspect of human life and organizational settings are not an exception. In the absence of indigenous, comprehensive and latest assessment measures for organizational conflict types and management styles, the present study aimed to develop and validate inventories for both constructs by converging on the sociocultural context. Ensuing an exploratory sequential design, the investigation started with a qualitative study in which five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 30 professionals (including teachers, bankers, engineers, managers and doctors) who shared their experiences of organizational conflicts by highlighting types and management styles. From an initial pool of 137 items (65 & 72 items respectively), the subject matter experts finalized 55 items each for organizational conflict types and management style inventories. In study II, exploratory factor analysis was administered on a sample of 400 adult professionals resulting in a six-factor Qayyum-Younas Organizational Conflict Types Inventory (QY-OCTI) with 40 items. It was later confirmed by running a Confirmatory Factor Analysis on another sample of 400 professionals. In study III, EFA was conducted on a sample of 310 participants that revealed a six-factor model of the Qayyum-Younas Organizational Conflict Management Styles Inventory (QY-OCMSI) with 48 items and this model was later confirmed by running CFA on a sample of 490 participants. These scales have significant research, academic and organizational setting-based implications.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128529987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.45
Uzma Javed
This study examines the moderating effect of two family-friendly resources available in the workplace such as family friendly practices (FFP) and family supportive supervisor (FSS) on the relationship between work-family conflict and employee wellbeing. The data was collected from 297 frontline sales employees working for four major insurance companies in Pakistan. Each employee received a hard copy of the questionnaire with a cover letter outlining the goals and voluntary nature of the study. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to analyze the collected data and test the proposed hypotheses. Findings suggest that FFP and FSS were linked to lower levels of depression and anxiety, and higher levels of job satisfaction and organization commitment. FFP buffer the impact of WIF and FIW on depression. FSS buffer the impact of WIF and FIW on depression, anxiety, job satisfaction, and organization commitment. It is important to focus on both formal (i.e. FFP) and informal (i.e. FSS) family-friendly resources when designing an intervention program for enhancing employee wellbeing.
{"title":"Work-Family Conflict and Employee Wellbeing: Examining the Buffering Effects of Workplace Provided Family-Friendly Resources","authors":"Uzma Javed","doi":"10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2022.37.4.45","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the moderating effect of two family-friendly resources available in the workplace such as family friendly practices (FFP) and family supportive supervisor (FSS) on the relationship between work-family conflict and employee wellbeing. The data was collected from 297 frontline sales employees working for four major insurance companies in Pakistan. Each employee received a hard copy of the questionnaire with a cover letter outlining the goals and voluntary nature of the study. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to analyze the collected data and test the proposed hypotheses. Findings suggest that FFP and FSS were linked to lower levels of depression and anxiety, and higher levels of job satisfaction and organization commitment. FFP buffer the impact of WIF and FIW on depression. FSS buffer the impact of WIF and FIW on depression, anxiety, job satisfaction, and organization commitment. It is important to focus on both formal (i.e. FFP) and informal (i.e. FSS) family-friendly resources when designing an intervention program for enhancing employee wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":341086,"journal":{"name":"PJPR Vol. 37 No. 4 (2022)","volume":"40 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116792420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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