Purpose: Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response is a novel phenomenon that is very popular these days on Youtube and Reddit to its anti-anxiety effects. As the name suggests, ASMR is a relaxing warm sensation that begins on the scalp and spreads throughout the body. This technique is also known as "brain massage," and it relies on soothing sights and sounds, like whispers and slow movements. Investigating these videos is primarily motivated by the desire to determine their scientific origins, which can be derived from a variety of approaches.
Materials and Methods: In this paper, we intended to examine the physiological changes such as Heart Rate (HR) as well as Galvanic Skin Conductance (GSC) levels before and after watching a single session ASMR video.
Results: The dependent t-test statistical analysis by SPSS results with P-value <=0.01 indicated that after a single session of ASMR watching, the heart rate decreased significantly comparing the baseline data. In addition, the skin conductance was slightly reduced as well, but not significantly.
Conclusion: These physiological findings prove that ASMR could be an affordable, portable, and immediate anxiety relief for those struggling with anxiety-based disorders, especially for patients who do not respond well to medication or seek alternatives to anti-anxiety medications due to the wide range of side effects or would like to try it for better results along with the prescribed drugs.
{"title":"The Physiological Effects of ASMR on Anxiety","authors":"Sahar Seifzadeh, Vahid Asayesh, Majid Torabi Nikjeh, Mahdi Dehghani, Elham Rabbani Parsa, Fatemeh Asgharianasl","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13728","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response is a novel phenomenon that is very popular these days on Youtube and Reddit to its anti-anxiety effects. As the name suggests, ASMR is a relaxing warm sensation that begins on the scalp and spreads throughout the body. This technique is also known as \"brain massage,\" and it relies on soothing sights and sounds, like whispers and slow movements. Investigating these videos is primarily motivated by the desire to determine their scientific origins, which can be derived from a variety of approaches.
 Materials and Methods: In this paper, we intended to examine the physiological changes such as Heart Rate (HR) as well as Galvanic Skin Conductance (GSC) levels before and after watching a single session ASMR video.
 Results: The dependent t-test statistical analysis by SPSS results with P-value <=0.01 indicated that after a single session of ASMR watching, the heart rate decreased significantly comparing the baseline data. In addition, the skin conductance was slightly reduced as well, but not significantly.
 Conclusion: These physiological findings prove that ASMR could be an affordable, portable, and immediate anxiety relief for those struggling with anxiety-based disorders, especially for patients who do not respond well to medication or seek alternatives to anti-anxiety medications due to the wide range of side effects or would like to try it for better results along with the prescribed drugs.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13732
Mohammad Hossein Zare, Hamidreza Masjedi, Fateme Tabatabaei, Shiva Rahbar Yazdi, Masoud Shabani, Mohammad Ali Broomand
Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT), which is considered one of the critical treatments for cancer patients is also known as adjuvant therapy and palliative care, and can be attempted alone or concurrent with chemotherapy. Although RT reduces the risk of recurrence, the scattered dose may enhance the risk of secondary cancer induction; this is raising some challenges in clinical practice. To the best of our knowledge, few studies to date have assessed such effects of brain cancer adjuvant radiotherapy.
Materials and Methods: We estimated the RT-induced risk of secondary cancer for a 45-year-old patient who had undergone radiotherapy of the head and pelvis with a 6 MV photon beam in 15 and 10 sessions, respectively. The absorbed dose by the thyroid, breast, eye lenses, region overlying ovaries, and parotids was measured using Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD). Since the patient was scanned before radiotherapy, it was decided to calculate their risk as well. To evaluate the cancer risk, radiobiological models for Excess Absolute Risk (EAR), as well as Excess Relative Risk (ERR) published by the Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) in report VII, were implemented. This study thus aimed to estimate the Risk of Exposure-Induced Death (REID) and assess the radiation dose delivered to patients from Computed Tomography (CT) scans and common diagnostic nuclear medicine examinations.
Results: The mean risk of secondary cancer for sensitive organs was calculated 3 years after radiotherapy. The highest estimated ERR was related to the region overlying right and left ovaries for pelvic radiotherapy (47.82) and (51.17), and the next highest EAR followed by right and left eye lenses for brain radiotherapy (18.09) and (15.43), respectively. In addition, other cancers arising from CT scans had the highest REID values for solid cancer (0.0015) and bone scans revealed the highest REID values for other cancers (0.00121).
Conclusion: Calculating the corresponding risks of RT is of great significance for the patients in procedural change. Choosing proper field sizes and adapted techniques to avoid excessive doses to healthy organs can thus be a great assistance in this regard.
{"title":"Secondary Cancer Risk of Radiotherapy and Imaging Examination for Two Different Malignancies in One Patient","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Zare, Hamidreza Masjedi, Fateme Tabatabaei, Shiva Rahbar Yazdi, Masoud Shabani, Mohammad Ali Broomand","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13732","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT), which is considered one of the critical treatments for cancer patients is also known as adjuvant therapy and palliative care, and can be attempted alone or concurrent with chemotherapy. Although RT reduces the risk of recurrence, the scattered dose may enhance the risk of secondary cancer induction; this is raising some challenges in clinical practice. To the best of our knowledge, few studies to date have assessed such effects of brain cancer adjuvant radiotherapy.
 Materials and Methods: We estimated the RT-induced risk of secondary cancer for a 45-year-old patient who had undergone radiotherapy of the head and pelvis with a 6 MV photon beam in 15 and 10 sessions, respectively. The absorbed dose by the thyroid, breast, eye lenses, region overlying ovaries, and parotids was measured using Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD). Since the patient was scanned before radiotherapy, it was decided to calculate their risk as well. To evaluate the cancer risk, radiobiological models for Excess Absolute Risk (EAR), as well as Excess Relative Risk (ERR) published by the Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) in report VII, were implemented. This study thus aimed to estimate the Risk of Exposure-Induced Death (REID) and assess the radiation dose delivered to patients from Computed Tomography (CT) scans and common diagnostic nuclear medicine examinations.
 Results: The mean risk of secondary cancer for sensitive organs was calculated 3 years after radiotherapy. The highest estimated ERR was related to the region overlying right and left ovaries for pelvic radiotherapy (47.82) and (51.17), and the next highest EAR followed by right and left eye lenses for brain radiotherapy (18.09) and (15.43), respectively. In addition, other cancers arising from CT scans had the highest REID values for solid cancer (0.0015) and bone scans revealed the highest REID values for other cancers (0.00121).
 Conclusion: Calculating the corresponding risks of RT is of great significance for the patients in procedural change. Choosing proper field sizes and adapted techniques to avoid excessive doses to healthy organs can thus be a great assistance in this regard.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13729
Reza Bahrami Gorji, Mohammad Mohammadi, Bahador Makkiabadi
Purpose: A new code based on Helmholtz decomposition is presented to separate longitudinal (pressure) and transverse (shear) components of a mixed wave field. This algorithm will help isolate shear or pressure components of an elastic wave to further concentrate on each specific wave and its physical characteristics, particularly in medical imaging instrument development and image processing techniques.
Materials and Methods: Using the combination of Fourier transform and Helmholtz decomposition, first, the mathematical basis of the work is prepared. After reaching a usable formula, this basis is embedded in the Code written in MATLAB program. Then, various test data containing shear and pressure waves were created and fed to the Code to evaluate its ability to decompose the displacements into the shear and pressure waves.
Results: This new algorithm successfully isolated the transverse and longitudinal wavefront of the mixed wavefield. The Code demonstrated 100% accuracy for separating the shear wave and more than 99% for the pressure wave. Moreover, the background noise was kept under 0.03% in every step.
Conclusion: The results show that using Helmholtz decomposition in Fourier space on 3D data can help decompose a displacement field into its irrotational and solenoidal components with high accuracy. A weak dependency on wave thickness and contrast was observed, but the algorithm's accuracy never fell below 99%.
{"title":"Decomposition of Displacement Field into the Irrotational and Solenoidal Component Using Fast Fourier Transform","authors":"Reza Bahrami Gorji, Mohammad Mohammadi, Bahador Makkiabadi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13729","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: A new code based on Helmholtz decomposition is presented to separate longitudinal (pressure) and transverse (shear) components of a mixed wave field. This algorithm will help isolate shear or pressure components of an elastic wave to further concentrate on each specific wave and its physical characteristics, particularly in medical imaging instrument development and image processing techniques.
 Materials and Methods: Using the combination of Fourier transform and Helmholtz decomposition, first, the mathematical basis of the work is prepared. After reaching a usable formula, this basis is embedded in the Code written in MATLAB program. Then, various test data containing shear and pressure waves were created and fed to the Code to evaluate its ability to decompose the displacements into the shear and pressure waves.
 Results: This new algorithm successfully isolated the transverse and longitudinal wavefront of the mixed wavefield. The Code demonstrated 100% accuracy for separating the shear wave and more than 99% for the pressure wave. Moreover, the background noise was kept under 0.03% in every step.
 Conclusion: The results show that using Helmholtz decomposition in Fourier space on 3D data can help decompose a displacement field into its irrotational and solenoidal components with high accuracy. A weak dependency on wave thickness and contrast was observed, but the algorithm's accuracy never fell below 99%.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13722
Mahtab Vaezi, Mehdi Nasri
Purpose: Sleep is a subconscious state, and the brain is active during it. Automatic classification of sleep stages can help identify various diseases. In recent years, automatic sleep monitoring using deep learning networks has attracted the attention of researchers.
Materials and Methods: In this paper, a deep learning type neural network called Stacked Autoencoders (SAEs) is used for automatically classifying sleep stages. SAEs are a kind of neural network with encoder and decoder blocks. The function of these networks is similar to the human brain and is capable of automatically processing signals; also SAEs are robust to noise. To prove the efficiency of this network, in addition to examining the effect of various biological signals such as Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) on the performance of sleep stage classification, Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) and ISRUC standard databases have been used, which include night recordings of 30 and 10 healthy humans, respectively.
Results: The accuracy of classifying 2 to 6 classes by SHHS database are 0.995, 0.983, 0.9780, 0.9688, 0.961, and on ISRUC database accuracies are 0.996, 0.994, 0.9511, and 0.9431. Moreover, the proposed network can classify wake, deep sleep, and light sleep using the ECG signal (acc = 0.75, kappa = 0.69).
Conclusion: In the review of the results, it is concluded that sleep stages classification based on EEG signal has better results, still acquisition of ECG signal and its acceptable results can be a good alternative to use. In addition to its high ability of the proposed method to detect sleep stages, this network is robust to noise, which is very necessary and important for the clinical processing of sleep signals.
{"title":"AS3-SAE: Automatic Sleep Stages Scoring Using Stacked Autoencoders","authors":"Mahtab Vaezi, Mehdi Nasri","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13722","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Sleep is a subconscious state, and the brain is active during it. Automatic classification of sleep stages can help identify various diseases. In recent years, automatic sleep monitoring using deep learning networks has attracted the attention of researchers.
 Materials and Methods: In this paper, a deep learning type neural network called Stacked Autoencoders (SAEs) is used for automatically classifying sleep stages. SAEs are a kind of neural network with encoder and decoder blocks. The function of these networks is similar to the human brain and is capable of automatically processing signals; also SAEs are robust to noise. To prove the efficiency of this network, in addition to examining the effect of various biological signals such as Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) on the performance of sleep stage classification, Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) and ISRUC standard databases have been used, which include night recordings of 30 and 10 healthy humans, respectively. 
 Results: The accuracy of classifying 2 to 6 classes by SHHS database are 0.995, 0.983, 0.9780, 0.9688, 0.961, and on ISRUC database accuracies are 0.996, 0.994, 0.9511, and 0.9431. Moreover, the proposed network can classify wake, deep sleep, and light sleep using the ECG signal (acc = 0.75, kappa = 0.69).
 Conclusion: In the review of the results, it is concluded that sleep stages classification based on EEG signal has better results, still acquisition of ECG signal and its acceptable results can be a good alternative to use. In addition to its high ability of the proposed method to detect sleep stages, this network is robust to noise, which is very necessary and important for the clinical processing of sleep signals.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13725
Etesam Malekzadeh
Purpose: Gamma cameras are one of the most promising technologies for in-vivo range monitoring in proton therapy. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is a common calculation-based technique to design and optimize gamma cameras. However, it is prohibitively time-consuming. Analytical modeling speeds up the process of finding the optimal design.
Materials and Methods: We proposed an analytical method using the efficiency-resolution trade-off for optimizing a knife-edge collimator based on the range retrieval precision of protons. Monte Carlo simulation was used for validation of obtained collimator efficiencies.
Results: The model predicts that for the optimal range retrieval precision, the ratio of the source-to-detector distance to the source-to-collimator distance should be ranging from . For a special case, it was found that assuming an ideal detector , the falloff retrieval precision is optimal at independent of the collimator resolution. Moreover, using the optimized camera, the difference between the MC calculated range and the absolute range was 0.5 cm (the relative error is about 3%).
Conclusion: It was found that the collimator parameters are in good agreement in comparison with that of the MC results reported in the literature. The analytical method studied in this work can be used to design and optimize imaging systems based on KE collimators in combination with new detectors in a fast and reliable way.
{"title":"Developing an Analytical Model for Knife-Edge Slit Collimator Optimization for Prompt Gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy","authors":"Etesam Malekzadeh","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13725","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Gamma cameras are one of the most promising technologies for in-vivo range monitoring in proton therapy. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is a common calculation-based technique to design and optimize gamma cameras. However, it is prohibitively time-consuming. Analytical modeling speeds up the process of finding the optimal design.
 Materials and Methods: We proposed an analytical method using the efficiency-resolution trade-off for optimizing a knife-edge collimator based on the range retrieval precision of protons. Monte Carlo simulation was used for validation of obtained collimator efficiencies.
 Results: The model predicts that for the optimal range retrieval precision, the ratio of the source-to-detector distance to the source-to-collimator distance should be ranging from . For a special case, it was found that assuming an ideal detector , the falloff retrieval precision is optimal at independent of the collimator resolution. Moreover, using the optimized camera, the difference between the MC calculated range and the absolute range was 0.5 cm (the relative error is about 3%).
 Conclusion: It was found that the collimator parameters are in good agreement in comparison with that of the MC results reported in the literature. The analytical method studied in this work can be used to design and optimize imaging systems based on KE collimators in combination with new detectors in a fast and reliable way.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This research aimed to estimate the Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC) for the various nanoparticles in diagnostic imaging in order to assess and compare the changes in a bulk state.
Materials and Methods: To Using Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) code, nanoparticles were simulated in the target in order to compute the MAC considering the target. The Materials, including Bi, Pb NPs, Pb, W NPs, W, PbO NPs, Bi NPs, Bi2O3 NPs, and WO3 NPs were used in the present study. The gathered data were compared with the theoretical results of the XCOM software for validation.
Results: The findings demonstrated that the radioprotective characteristics of nanoparticles in comparison to the bulk materials were better. Among all these nanoparticles, the rate of attenuation of tungsten nanoparticles was higher than that of other nanoparticles. On the other hand, the density and attenuation rate of nanoparticles of PbO, Bi2O3 and WO3 were lower than those of nanoparticles Pb, W, and Bi. Therefore, all of the abovementioned nanoparticles were lightweight and their design was more flexible than that of bulk materials.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of nanoparticles in the protective materials considerably increased the radioprotective characteristics in the diagnostic radiography energy range.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Different Nanoparticles on the Mass Attenuation Coefficient of a Shield in Diagnostic Radiology: A Monte Carlo Study","authors":"Hossein Khosravi, Karim Ghazikhanlu Sani, Salman Jafari, Safora Nikzad","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13724","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research aimed to estimate the Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC) for the various nanoparticles in diagnostic imaging in order to assess and compare the changes in a bulk state.
 Materials and Methods: To Using Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) code, nanoparticles were simulated in the target in order to compute the MAC considering the target. The Materials, including Bi, Pb NPs, Pb, W NPs, W, PbO NPs, Bi NPs, Bi2O3 NPs, and WO3 NPs were used in the present study. The gathered data were compared with the theoretical results of the XCOM software for validation.
 Results: The findings demonstrated that the radioprotective characteristics of nanoparticles in comparison to the bulk materials were better. Among all these nanoparticles, the rate of attenuation of tungsten nanoparticles was higher than that of other nanoparticles. On the other hand, the density and attenuation rate of nanoparticles of PbO, Bi2O3 and WO3 were lower than those of nanoparticles Pb, W, and Bi. Therefore, all of the abovementioned nanoparticles were lightweight and their design was more flexible than that of bulk materials.
 Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of nanoparticles in the protective materials considerably increased the radioprotective characteristics in the diagnostic radiography energy range.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13155
Zahra Alijani, K. Ebrahimnejad Gorji, A. Monfared, Abbas Rahimi Alisaraee, A. Esmaeeli
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the patients’ setup errors on dosimetric and radiobiologic parameters for left-sided Whole-Breast Irradiation (WBI) in three different radiotherapy techniques, including Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Field-In-Field (FIF), and Conventional Wedge (CW). Materials and Methods: Computed Tomography (CT) images of 10 female patients with early-stage left-sided breast cancer were used to simulate different radiotherapy techniques (IMRT, FIF, and CW). The dosimetric parameters; Conformity Index (CI), Homogeneity Index (HI), the dose received by at least 95% (D95%) of Planning Tumor Volume (PTV), the volume of lung and heart that respectively received at least 20% (V20%) and 40% (V40%) of the prescribed dose, as well as, the radiobiologic parameters, including Tumor Control Probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) were assessed for setup errors in patients. The setup errors were assessed by shifting the isocenters and gantry angles of the treatment plans. Results: The D95% of the PTV for an isocenter misplacement plan in the posterior direction decreased by 66.99 (IMRT), 71.86 (CW), and 68.25% (FIF). The TCP of the PTV was reduced by 26.66, 39.16, and 36.97% for IMRT, CW, and FIF techniques, respectively. Increasing gantry angle by a ±10 degree caused a 43%, 41%, and 41% decrease in the D95% of IMRT, FIF, and CW techniques, respectively. The TCP values decreased about 18% in all three techniques with a ±10 degree gantry angle shift; however, the NTCP values of the heart and lungs increased for all three methods. The CI and HI values had significantly more changes with increasing setup errors in the IMRT than in the two techniques. Conclusion: The radiobiologic parameters in IMRT were less sensitive to setup errors compared to FIF and CW techniques. The radiobiological parameters can help estimate the setup errors along with physical parameters during breast radiotherapy.
{"title":"Relationship between the Patients’ Setup Errors with Dosimetric and Radiobiologic Parameters in Whole Breast Radiotherapy","authors":"Zahra Alijani, K. Ebrahimnejad Gorji, A. Monfared, Abbas Rahimi Alisaraee, A. Esmaeeli","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13155","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the patients’ setup errors on dosimetric and radiobiologic parameters for left-sided Whole-Breast Irradiation (WBI) in three different radiotherapy techniques, including Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Field-In-Field (FIF), and Conventional Wedge (CW). \u0000Materials and Methods: Computed Tomography (CT) images of 10 female patients with early-stage left-sided breast cancer were used to simulate different radiotherapy techniques (IMRT, FIF, and CW). The dosimetric parameters; Conformity Index (CI), Homogeneity Index (HI), the dose received by at least 95% (D95%) of Planning Tumor Volume (PTV), the volume of lung and heart that respectively received at least 20% (V20%) and 40% (V40%) of the prescribed dose, as well as, the radiobiologic parameters, including Tumor Control Probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) were assessed for setup errors in patients. The setup errors were assessed by shifting the isocenters and gantry angles of the treatment plans. \u0000Results: The D95% of the PTV for an isocenter misplacement plan in the posterior direction decreased by 66.99 (IMRT), 71.86 (CW), and 68.25% (FIF). The TCP of the PTV was reduced by 26.66, 39.16, and 36.97% for IMRT, CW, and FIF techniques, respectively. Increasing gantry angle by a ±10 degree caused a 43%, 41%, and 41% decrease in the D95% of IMRT, FIF, and CW techniques, respectively. The TCP values decreased about 18% in all three techniques with a ±10 degree gantry angle shift; however, the NTCP values of the heart and lungs increased for all three methods. The CI and HI values had significantly more changes with increasing setup errors in the IMRT than in the two techniques. \u0000Conclusion: The radiobiologic parameters in IMRT were less sensitive to setup errors compared to FIF and CW techniques. The radiobiological parameters can help estimate the setup errors along with physical parameters during breast radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77722474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13163
Pegah Khosravian, M. Javdani, Melika Masoudi, A. Mohebi, A. B. Sadegh, A. Barzegar
Purpose: In this study, a controlled-release drug delivery system loaded with piroxicam and methadone was synthesized and used subcutaneously in rats with experimental tibial defect, and healing were assessed histopathologically. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 100 adult female rats were randomly divided into five equal groups; control group, chitosan group, piroxicam group, methadone group, and piroxicam-methadone group. The morphological structure of the synthesized drug systems was studied by scanning electron microscope. In addition, the structure of the hydrogels was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and while releasing the hydrogels' gelation time, the release of piroxicam and methadone from the hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. Results: Histological results of the 3rd day of the study showed the lowest extent and severity of inflammation in the chitosan, piroxicam, and piroxicam-methadone groups, while on the 7th day, tissue inflammation and the extent of bleeding were lower in the piroxicam, methadone, and piroxicam-methadone groups than in the other groups. Evaluation of new bone formation on day 21 showed that the chitosan, piroxicam, and methadone groups had better repair than the other groups. Conclusion: It seems that in the control group that did not receive any treatment intervention, following the experimental bone defect, the highest inflammatory response was observed in histological examination and finally the weakest bone repair. On the other hand, the presence of piroxicam, methadone, and chitosan in the piroxicam-methadone group (all of which have anti-inflammatory effects) also seems to have a negative effect on the repair.
{"title":"Preparation and Administration of a Controlled-Release Delivery System of Chitosan Hydrogel loaded with Methadone and Piroxicam in Experimental Defect of Tibial in Rats; Histopathological Evaluation","authors":"Pegah Khosravian, M. Javdani, Melika Masoudi, A. Mohebi, A. B. Sadegh, A. Barzegar","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13163","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In this study, a controlled-release drug delivery system loaded with piroxicam and methadone was synthesized and used subcutaneously in rats with experimental tibial defect, and healing were assessed histopathologically. \u0000Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 100 adult female rats were randomly divided into five equal groups; control group, chitosan group, piroxicam group, methadone group, and piroxicam-methadone group. The morphological structure of the synthesized drug systems was studied by scanning electron microscope. In addition, the structure of the hydrogels was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and while releasing the hydrogels' gelation time, the release of piroxicam and methadone from the hydrogels was evaluated in vitro. \u0000Results: Histological results of the 3rd day of the study showed the lowest extent and severity of inflammation in the chitosan, piroxicam, and piroxicam-methadone groups, while on the 7th day, tissue inflammation and the extent of bleeding were lower in the piroxicam, methadone, and piroxicam-methadone groups than in the other groups. Evaluation of new bone formation on day 21 showed that the chitosan, piroxicam, and methadone groups had better repair than the other groups. \u0000Conclusion: It seems that in the control group that did not receive any treatment intervention, following the experimental bone defect, the highest inflammatory response was observed in histological examination and finally the weakest bone repair. On the other hand, the presence of piroxicam, methadone, and chitosan in the piroxicam-methadone group (all of which have anti-inflammatory effects) also seems to have a negative effect on the repair.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84894192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13164
Marzieh Nabikhani, S. Khoei, S. R. Mahdavi, Jila Rajaee, Sakine Shirvalilou
Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the bystander effect in the A-375 cell line under the GRID therapy technique. In GRID therapy, due to direct and indirect cell damage after high-dose radiation, evaluation of Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects (RIBE) is of the most importance for investigating the risk of therapy. Materials and Methods: The potential role of RIBE was evaluated with different doses of 6 MeV electron radiation and different incubation times after irradiation using two methods; GRID therapy and medium transfer. Colony Formation Assay (CFA) and MTT test were used to detect the mentioned effects. Alpha and beta parameters were calculated from the cell survival curve by the quadratic-linear model. Results: The result showed that the survival fraction significantly decreases by increasing the radiation dose for both bystander and irradiated cells. However, a decrease in the number of colony-forming cells caused by electron radiation greater than 4MeV to target cells was significantly increased compared with bystander cells (P < 0.05). While increasing the incubation time after exposure to an electron beam, it had no significant effect on cell survival fraction (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the RIBE level in non-target cells increased up to a dose of 4Gy, but decreased significantly at doses higher than 4Gy. This result in high doses confirmed that a negative feedback mechanism was responsible for reducing the RIBE response. Conclusion: Based on the results, we can state there are classic radiation-induced bystander effects in A-375 monolayer exposed by GRID therapy and medium transfer technique, which can play an important role in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
{"title":"Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect via GRID Radiotherapy and Medium Transfer in the A-375 Human Melanoma Cancer Cell Line: An In-vitro Study","authors":"Marzieh Nabikhani, S. Khoei, S. R. Mahdavi, Jila Rajaee, Sakine Shirvalilou","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13164","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the bystander effect in the A-375 cell line under the GRID therapy technique. In GRID therapy, due to direct and indirect cell damage after high-dose radiation, evaluation of Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects (RIBE) is of the most importance for investigating the risk of therapy. \u0000Materials and Methods: The potential role of RIBE was evaluated with different doses of 6 MeV electron radiation and different incubation times after irradiation using two methods; GRID therapy and medium transfer. Colony Formation Assay (CFA) and MTT test were used to detect the mentioned effects. Alpha and beta parameters were calculated from the cell survival curve by the quadratic-linear model. \u0000Results: The result showed that the survival fraction significantly decreases by increasing the radiation dose for both bystander and irradiated cells. However, a decrease in the number of colony-forming cells caused by electron radiation greater than 4MeV to target cells was significantly increased compared with bystander cells (P < 0.05). While increasing the incubation time after exposure to an electron beam, it had no significant effect on cell survival fraction (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the RIBE level in non-target cells increased up to a dose of 4Gy, but decreased significantly at doses higher than 4Gy. This result in high doses confirmed that a negative feedback mechanism was responsible for reducing the RIBE response. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results, we can state there are classic radiation-induced bystander effects in A-375 monolayer exposed by GRID therapy and medium transfer technique, which can play an important role in pre-clinical and clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77964965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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