Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15331
Hassanain Ali Lafta, Ali Adel Madlol
Purpose: Parotidectomy is usually suggested for many persons with parotid gland tumors. Facial nerve weakening is the most concerning of the potential consequences related to parotidectomy, resulting in a significantly reduced patient quality of life. With preoperative preparation and surgical training and simulation, a three-Dimensional (3D) printed human face anatomical model has just been designed and fabricated. Materials and Methods: Fifteen surgeons from Iraqi teaching hospitals evaluated the simulator model by using a Likert scale survey. The model is composed of a silicon based human face replica with an incorporated parotid gland replica and a closed electrical circuit of the facial nerve course to show when contact is made between the surgical instrument and the nerve to provide feedback. Results and Conclusion: All participants gave favorable feedback. Significant levels of satisfaction with the designed simulator have been relatively achieved. In comparison to experts, novice surgeons scored less for skin realism and handling. Such a difference suggests that the proposed simulator appears to have the potential to contribute to the advancement of surgical simulation, education, and planning.
{"title":"Parotidectomy Surgical Simulation and Education with a Three-Dimensional Printed Face Model for Iraqi Surgeons","authors":"Hassanain Ali Lafta, Ali Adel Madlol","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15331","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Parotidectomy is usually suggested for many persons with parotid gland tumors. Facial nerve weakening is the most concerning of the potential consequences related to parotidectomy, resulting in a significantly reduced patient quality of life. With preoperative preparation and surgical training and simulation, a three-Dimensional (3D) printed human face anatomical model has just been designed and fabricated. \u0000Materials and Methods: Fifteen surgeons from Iraqi teaching hospitals evaluated the simulator model by using a Likert scale survey. The model is composed of a silicon based human face replica with an incorporated parotid gland replica and a closed electrical circuit of the facial nerve course to show when contact is made between the surgical instrument and the nerve to provide feedback. \u0000Results and Conclusion: All participants gave favorable feedback. Significant levels of satisfaction with the designed simulator have been relatively achieved. In comparison to experts, novice surgeons scored less for skin realism and handling. Such a difference suggests that the proposed simulator appears to have the potential to contribute to the advancement of surgical simulation, education, and planning.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15343
Shrikanth Rao S.K, Maheshkumar H Kolekar, R. J. Martis
Purpose: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of heart arrhythmias observed in clinical practice. AF can be detected using an Electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG signals are time-varying and nonlinear in nature. Hence, it is very difficult for a physician to manually perform accurate and rapid classification of different heart rhythms. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we propose a method using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with db6 as the basis function for denoising ECG signal. Results: The denoised ECG is smoothened using the Savitzky- Golay filter. Deep learning methods, such as a combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) (CNN-LSTM) and ResNet18 are used for the accurate classification of ECG signals using Physionet Challenge 2017 database. Conclusion: With a 10-fold cross-validation method the model provided overall accuracy of 98.25% with the CNN-LSTM classifier.
{"title":"A Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation using RR Intervals of ECG","authors":"Shrikanth Rao S.K, Maheshkumar H Kolekar, R. J. Martis","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15343","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of heart arrhythmias observed in clinical practice. AF can be detected using an Electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG signals are time-varying and nonlinear in nature. Hence, it is very difficult for a physician to manually perform accurate and rapid classification of different heart rhythms. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this paper, we propose a method using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with db6 as the basis function for denoising ECG signal. \u0000Results: The denoised ECG is smoothened using the Savitzky- Golay filter. Deep learning methods, such as a combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) (CNN-LSTM) and ResNet18 are used for the accurate classification of ECG signals using Physionet Challenge 2017 database. \u0000Conclusion: With a 10-fold cross-validation method the model provided overall accuracy of 98.25% with the CNN-LSTM classifier.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"43 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15336
M. Rashida, Mohammad Ashfak Habib
Purpose: Independent Component Analysis (ICA) decomposition is a commonly used technique for eye blink artifact detection from Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Feature extraction from the decomposed ICs is a prime step for blink detection. This paper presents a new model of eye blink detection for ICA based approach, where the decomposed ICs are projected to their corresponding EEG segments (ReEEG), and feature extraction is performed on the ReEEG instead of the IC. ReEEG represents the eye blink activity more distinctly. Hence, ReEEG-based feature extraction is more potential in detecting eye blink artifacts than the traditional IC-based feature extraction. Materials and Methods: This paper employs twelve EEG features to substantiate the superiority of ReEEG over IC. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier. A dataset, having 2638 clinical EEG epochs, is employed. All the considered twelve features are extracted from ReEEG and fed to SVM one at a time for blink detection. Then the obtained results are compared with an IC-based model with the same features. Results: The comparison reveals the success of the proposed ReEEG-based blink detection approach over the traditional IC-based approach. Accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 scores are calculated as performance measuring metrics. For almost all features, ReEEG-based approach achieved up to 12.25% higher accuracy, 24.95% higher precision, 13.49% higher recall, and 12.89% higher f1 score than the IC-based traditional method. Conclusion: The proposed model will be useful for researchers in dealing with the eye blink artifacts of EEG signals with more efficacy.
目的：独立分量分析（ICA）分解是从脑电图（EEG）信号中检测眨眼伪像的常用技术。从分解的 IC 中提取特征是眨眼检测的首要步骤。本文提出了一种基于 ICA 方法的眨眼检测新模型，将分解的 IC 投影到相应的脑电图片段（ReEEG）上，并在 ReEEG 而不是 IC 上进行特征提取。ReEEG 能更清晰地反映眨眼活动。因此，与传统的基于 IC 的特征提取相比，基于 ReEEG 的特征提取在检测眨眼伪像方面更具潜力。材料与方法：本文使用了十二个脑电图特征来证明 ReEEG 比 IC 更优越。支持向量机（SVM）被用作分类器。数据集包含 2638 个临床 EEG epochs。从 ReEEG 中提取所有考虑的 12 个特征，并逐一输入 SVM 进行眨眼检测。然后将获得的结果与具有相同特征的基于 IC 的模型进行比较。结果：比较结果表明，基于 ReEEG 的眨眼检测方法比基于 IC 的传统方法更成功。准确度、精确度、召回率和 f1 分数被计算为性能衡量指标。就几乎所有特征而言，基于 ReEEG 的方法比基于 IC 的传统方法准确率高出 12.25%，精确率高出 24.95%，召回率高出 13.49%，f1 分数高出 12.89%。结论所提出的模型将有助于研究人员更有效地处理脑电信号中的眨眼伪影。
{"title":"Feature Extraction from Regenerated EEG – A Better Approach for ICA Based Eye Blink Artifact Detection","authors":"M. Rashida, Mohammad Ashfak Habib","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15336","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Independent Component Analysis (ICA) decomposition is a commonly used technique for eye blink artifact detection from Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Feature extraction from the decomposed ICs is a prime step for blink detection. This paper presents a new model of eye blink detection for ICA based approach, where the decomposed ICs are projected to their corresponding EEG segments (ReEEG), and feature extraction is performed on the ReEEG instead of the IC. ReEEG represents the eye blink activity more distinctly. Hence, ReEEG-based feature extraction is more potential in detecting eye blink artifacts than the traditional IC-based feature extraction. \u0000Materials and Methods: This paper employs twelve EEG features to substantiate the superiority of ReEEG over IC. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier. A dataset, having 2638 clinical EEG epochs, is employed. All the considered twelve features are extracted from ReEEG and fed to SVM one at a time for blink detection. Then the obtained results are compared with an IC-based model with the same features. \u0000Results: The comparison reveals the success of the proposed ReEEG-based blink detection approach over the traditional IC-based approach. Accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 scores are calculated as performance measuring metrics. For almost all features, ReEEG-based approach achieved up to 12.25% higher accuracy, 24.95% higher precision, 13.49% higher recall, and 12.89% higher f1 score than the IC-based traditional method. \u0000Conclusion: The proposed model will be useful for researchers in dealing with the eye blink artifacts of EEG signals with more efficacy.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"44 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15339
Minoo Sisakhti, Helia Hosseini, S. A. Batouli, H. Farrahi
Purpose: Visual-related abilities such as visual memory and visuo-constructional skills are among the cognitive abilities with fundamental importance for normal cognitive function, and their impairment is manifested in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to generate normative data for the Benson Complex Figure Test (BCFT), a well-known simplified version of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, in Iran and to assess the effect of demographic variables of age, gender, and education on its various measures. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 2017-2018 as part of the Iranian Brain Imaging Database (IBID) project. The study sample consisted of 300 normal individuals in the age range of 20 to 70 years, with an equal number of participants and an equal proportion of genders in each age decade (#60). Independent and dependent variables, respectively, were age (classified by five decades including 20-30-year-olds, 31-40-year-olds, 41-50-year-olds, 51-60-year-olds, and 61-70-year-olds) and performance in the BCFT (defined in terms of 3 scores on a copy, recall, and recognition of the geometric figure and 2 scores on time of copy and recall). Results: The correlation matrix among the variables showed that age and education have a significant correlation with most of the BCFT scores, while gender only has a significant correlation with recognition score. Multivariate analysis of variance showed the effect of age, gender, and their interaction on scores, while education did not make a significant difference in the BCFT scores. Also, the t-test showed a significant difference between men and women in recall and recognition, so women and men showed better performance in recall and recognition, respectively. Conclusion: In summary, our results suggest that demographic variables of age, gender, and education affect visual memory and visuospatial abilities, and it is essential to generate normative data for research or clinical settings.
{"title":"The Benson Complex Figure Test: Normative Data for the Healthy Iranian Population","authors":"Minoo Sisakhti, Helia Hosseini, S. A. Batouli, H. Farrahi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15339","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Visual-related abilities such as visual memory and visuo-constructional skills are among the cognitive abilities with fundamental importance for normal cognitive function, and their impairment is manifested in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to generate normative data for the Benson Complex Figure Test (BCFT), a well-known simplified version of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, in Iran and to assess the effect of demographic variables of age, gender, and education on its various measures. \u0000Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 2017-2018 as part of the Iranian Brain Imaging Database (IBID) project. The study sample consisted of 300 normal individuals in the age range of 20 to 70 years, with an equal number of participants and an equal proportion of genders in each age decade (#60). Independent and dependent variables, respectively, were age (classified by five decades including 20-30-year-olds, 31-40-year-olds, 41-50-year-olds, 51-60-year-olds, and 61-70-year-olds) and performance in the BCFT (defined in terms of 3 scores on a copy, recall, and recognition of the geometric figure and 2 scores on time of copy and recall). \u0000Results: The correlation matrix among the variables showed that age and education have a significant correlation with most of the BCFT scores, while gender only has a significant correlation with recognition score. Multivariate analysis of variance showed the effect of age, gender, and their interaction on scores, while education did not make a significant difference in the BCFT scores. Also, the t-test showed a significant difference between men and women in recall and recognition, so women and men showed better performance in recall and recognition, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: In summary, our results suggest that demographic variables of age, gender, and education affect visual memory and visuospatial abilities, and it is essential to generate normative data for research or clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15344
Atefeh Goshvarpour, A. Goshvarpour
Purpose: Designing an automated emotion recognition system using biosignals has become a hot and challenging issue in many fields, including human-computer interferences, robotics, and affective computing. Several algorithms have been proposed to characterize the internal and external behaviors of the subjects in confronting emotional events/stimuli. Eye movements, as an external behavior, are habitually analyzed in a multi-modality system using classic statistical measures, and the evaluation of its dynamics has been neglected so far. Materials and Methods: This experiment intended to provide an innovative single-modality scheme for emotion classification using eye-blinking data. The dynamics of eye-blinking data have been characterized by weighted visibility graph-based indices. The extracted measures were then fed to the different classifiers, including support vector machine, decision tree, k-Nearest neighbor, Adaptive Boosting, and random subset to complete the process of classifying sad, happy, neutral, and fearful affective states. The scheme has been evaluated utilizing the available signals in the SEED-IV database. Results: The proposed framework provided significant performance in terms of recognition rates. The highest average recognition rates of > 90% were achieved using the decision tree. Conclusion: In brief, our results showed that eye-blinking data has the potential for emotion recognition. The present system can be extended for designing future affect recognition systems.
{"title":"Evaluation of Eye-Blinking Dynamics in Human Emotion Recognition Using Weighted Visibility Graph","authors":"Atefeh Goshvarpour, A. Goshvarpour","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15344","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Designing an automated emotion recognition system using biosignals has become a hot and challenging issue in many fields, including human-computer interferences, robotics, and affective computing. Several algorithms have been proposed to characterize the internal and external behaviors of the subjects in confronting emotional events/stimuli. Eye movements, as an external behavior, are habitually analyzed in a multi-modality system using classic statistical measures, and the evaluation of its dynamics has been neglected so far. \u0000Materials and Methods: This experiment intended to provide an innovative single-modality scheme for emotion classification using eye-blinking data. The dynamics of eye-blinking data have been characterized by weighted visibility graph-based indices. The extracted measures were then fed to the different classifiers, including support vector machine, decision tree, k-Nearest neighbor, Adaptive Boosting, and random subset to complete the process of classifying sad, happy, neutral, and fearful affective states. The scheme has been evaluated utilizing the available signals in the SEED-IV database. \u0000Results: The proposed framework provided significant performance in terms of recognition rates. The highest average recognition rates of > 90% were achieved using the decision tree. \u0000Conclusion: In brief, our results showed that eye-blinking data has the potential for emotion recognition. The present system can be extended for designing future affect recognition systems.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15332
Akram Shahidani, M. Mokhtari-Dizaji, Zeinab Shankayi, Mahmoud Najafi
Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can guide the surgical strategy to identify brain tumors and monitor treatment response. It is possible to use transcranial Ultrasound (US) for periodical follow-ups. Ultrasound waves pass through the delicate areas of the skull called acoustic windows. In this study, the efficiency of ultrasound imaging was performed to diagnose glioblastoma brain tumors and the results were compared with MR images. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine and Xylazine. A stereotaxic device was used to determine the injection coordinates. C6 GBM cell lines were injected into the brains of rats. After two weeks, the formation of a glioblastoma tumor was confirmed histopathologically. The brain of animals was imaged by B-mode ultrasound and MRI. The section with the largest tumor dimensions was selected and the dimensions of the skull and tumor were measured based on the pixel size of each of the imaging methods. Pearson coefficient of correlation and Limits Of Agreement (LOA) were calculated for comparisons of the skull and tumor dimensions. Results: The skull and the tumor dimensions showed a significant correlation between the B-mode ultrasound and the MRI measurements (R = 0.99 and p < 0.05). According to the Bland-Altman analysis, the mean difference was 0.31 mm (SD = 0.20) for skull and tumor dimensions. The exact shape of the tumor is not completely clear in the ultrasound images, but it can be useful to detect the presence of the tumor and its approximate dimensions. Conclusion: In conclusion, a glioblastoma tumor was produced in the male Wistar rat. The tumor dimensions were properly assessed by B-mode ultrasound image processing and compared with MR imaging.
目的：磁共振成像（MRI）可指导手术策略，识别脑肿瘤并监测治疗反应。经颅超声波（US）可用于定期随访。超声波会穿过头骨上被称为声窗的精细区域。本研究采用超声波成像诊断胶质母细胞瘤脑肿瘤，并将结果与磁共振成像进行比较。材料和方法：雄性 Wistar 大鼠腹腔注射氯胺酮和甲苯噻嗪进行麻醉。使用立体定向仪确定注射坐标。将 C6 GBM 细胞株注入大鼠大脑。两周后，组织病理学证实胶质母细胞瘤肿瘤的形成。通过 B 型超声波和核磁共振成像对动物大脑进行成像。选择肿瘤尺寸最大的切片，根据每种成像方法的像素尺寸测量头骨和肿瘤的尺寸。计算皮尔逊相关系数（Pearson coefficient of correlation）和一致性限值（Limits Of Agreement, LOA），以比较头骨和肿瘤的尺寸。结果显示B 型超声波和核磁共振成像测量的头骨和肿瘤尺寸显示出显著的相关性（R = 0.99，P < 0.05）。根据 Bland-Altman 分析，头骨和肿瘤尺寸的平均差异为 0.31 毫米（SD = 0.20）。肿瘤的确切形状在超声图像中并不完全清晰，但超声图像有助于检测肿瘤的存在及其大致尺寸。结论总之，雄性 Wistar 大鼠体内产生了胶质母细胞瘤肿瘤。通过 B 型超声图像处理对肿瘤尺寸进行了正确评估，并与核磁共振成像进行了比较。
{"title":"Comparison of Ultrasonographic Images of Glioblastoma Tumor with Magnetic Resonance Images: Rat Animal Model","authors":"Akram Shahidani, M. Mokhtari-Dizaji, Zeinab Shankayi, Mahmoud Najafi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i2.15332","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can guide the surgical strategy to identify brain tumors and monitor treatment response. It is possible to use transcranial Ultrasound (US) for periodical follow-ups. Ultrasound waves pass through the delicate areas of the skull called acoustic windows. In this study, the efficiency of ultrasound imaging was performed to diagnose glioblastoma brain tumors and the results were compared with MR images. \u0000Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine and Xylazine. A stereotaxic device was used to determine the injection coordinates. C6 GBM cell lines were injected into the brains of rats. After two weeks, the formation of a glioblastoma tumor was confirmed histopathologically. The brain of animals was imaged by B-mode ultrasound and MRI. The section with the largest tumor dimensions was selected and the dimensions of the skull and tumor were measured based on the pixel size of each of the imaging methods. Pearson coefficient of correlation and Limits Of Agreement (LOA) were calculated for comparisons of the skull and tumor dimensions. \u0000Results: The skull and the tumor dimensions showed a significant correlation between the B-mode ultrasound and the MRI measurements (R = 0.99 and p < 0.05). According to the Bland-Altman analysis, the mean difference was 0.31 mm (SD = 0.20) for skull and tumor dimensions. The exact shape of the tumor is not completely clear in the ultrasound images, but it can be useful to detect the presence of the tumor and its approximate dimensions. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, a glioblastoma tumor was produced in the male Wistar rat. The tumor dimensions were properly assessed by B-mode ultrasound image processing and compared with MR imaging.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"289 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14508
Nahid Makkiabadi, Hosein Ghiasi
Purpose: Radiation shielding requires deep knowledge about the shielding materials properties. Additionally, the interaction between the radiation and materials should be well understood. Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, NXCOM, and WinXCOM computational programs were utilized for the concrete shielding properties against 1.5 MeV neutron beam and 137Cs emitted γ-ray. In a simulated “good geometry” using MCNP5 MC code, NXCOM and WinXCOM, radiation attenuation factor (µ), microscopic neutron removal cross-section ( Half and Tenth Value Layers (HVL and TVL) of the studied concretes were derived. Obtained results by the methods were compared and discussed. Results: For 137Cs emitted γ-ray, mass attenuation factor (µ/ρ) obtained as 0.026 cm2/g, 0.025 cm2/g, and 0.025 cm2/g for the Serpentine concrete as the minimum factors by MCNP5 code, WinXCOM and NXCOM software, respectively. Good agreement was seen in the results derived by the use of the applied calculation methods. Maximum values for the µ/ρ were calculated as 0.03 cm2/g, 0.029 cm2/g and 0.029 cm2/g by MCNP5 code, WinXCOM and NXCOM, respectively. For the neutron attenuation factor, calculations were conducted for the concretes and the highest and lowest ΣR/ρ were derived for Serpentine and Ordinary concretes. MCNP5 MC code was calculated ΣR/ρ for the Serpentine and Ordinary concretes as 0.039 cm2/g and 0.030 cm2/g, respectively. ΣR/ρ for the Serpentine and Ordinary concretes as 0.039 cm2/g and 0.030 cm2/g, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that the calculated results showed N-XCOM program can be applied for the shielding calculations for the conventional concretes studied in this work.
{"title":"Monte Carlo Simulation and N-XCOM Software Calculation of the Neutron Shielding Parameters for the NCRP Report 144 Recommended Conventional Concretes","authors":"Nahid Makkiabadi, Hosein Ghiasi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14508","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Radiation shielding requires deep knowledge about the shielding materials properties. Additionally, the interaction between the radiation and materials should be well understood. Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, NXCOM, and WinXCOM computational programs were utilized for the concrete shielding properties against 1.5 MeV neutron beam and 137Cs emitted γ-ray. In a simulated “good geometry” using MCNP5 MC code, NXCOM and WinXCOM, radiation attenuation factor (µ), microscopic neutron removal cross-section ( Half and Tenth Value Layers (HVL and TVL) of the studied concretes were derived. Obtained results by the methods were compared and discussed. Results: For 137Cs emitted γ-ray, mass attenuation factor (µ/ρ) obtained as 0.026 cm2/g, 0.025 cm2/g, and 0.025 cm2/g for the Serpentine concrete as the minimum factors by MCNP5 code, WinXCOM and NXCOM software, respectively. Good agreement was seen in the results derived by the use of the applied calculation methods. Maximum values for the µ/ρ were calculated as 0.03 cm2/g, 0.029 cm2/g and 0.029 cm2/g by MCNP5 code, WinXCOM and NXCOM, respectively. For the neutron attenuation factor, calculations were conducted for the concretes and the highest and lowest ΣR/ρ were derived for Serpentine and Ordinary concretes. MCNP5 MC code was calculated ΣR/ρ for the Serpentine and Ordinary concretes as 0.039 cm2/g and 0.030 cm2/g, respectively. ΣR/ρ for the Serpentine and Ordinary concretes as 0.039 cm2/g and 0.030 cm2/g, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that the calculated results showed N-XCOM program can be applied for the shielding calculations for the conventional concretes studied in this work.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14515
Reza Malekzadeh, A. Tarighatnia, P. Mehnati, Nader D. Nader
Purpose: This study aimed to design an improved form of a composite shield with different materials and shapes and simultaneously reduce the radiation dose to both the patient and operator. Materials and Methods: A female phantom study was performed with and without bismuth belt-shaped composite shields on the breast region at different beam projections used in coronary angiography. Dose measurements were conducted using GR-200 thermo-luminescence dosimeters, dose area product (DAP), and air kerma (AK) over regular and large breast locations, with and without using bismuth shields. An electronic personal dosimeter was used for operator dose assessment. Patients received doses between 2.27 mSv and 3.38 mSv, depending on the size and strength of beam projections. Results: The use of the developed shields caused a dose reduction of 18%–25% of sensitive breast tissue due to breast size and shield type. During coronary angiography, the mean values of DAP and AK were 2.02 (1.24-2.80) mGy.m2 and 314.1 (202.8-500) mGy, respectively. The highest recorded dose was at the LAO/CRA and LAO/CAU beam projections for both the patient and operator. After applying a belt shield, the operator's radiation dose was decreased by approximately 32%. We found a statistically significant correlation between the radiation dose received by the operator and the patient's breast radiation exposure dose (p<0.001, r2=0.93). Conclusion: The designed belt shield can be a potentially promising protective device for decreasing the radiation risk to the patient's breast and the operator during coronary angiography. However, further studies will be considered before the application of this shield in standard clinical practice.
{"title":"Reduction of Radiation Risk to Cardiologists and Patients during Coronary Angiography: Effect of Exposure Angulation and Composite Shields","authors":"Reza Malekzadeh, A. Tarighatnia, P. Mehnati, Nader D. Nader","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14515","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to design an improved form of a composite shield with different materials and shapes and simultaneously reduce the radiation dose to both the patient and operator. Materials and Methods: A female phantom study was performed with and without bismuth belt-shaped composite shields on the breast region at different beam projections used in coronary angiography. Dose measurements were conducted using GR-200 thermo-luminescence dosimeters, dose area product (DAP), and air kerma (AK) over regular and large breast locations, with and without using bismuth shields. An electronic personal dosimeter was used for operator dose assessment. Patients received doses between 2.27 mSv and 3.38 mSv, depending on the size and strength of beam projections. Results: The use of the developed shields caused a dose reduction of 18%–25% of sensitive breast tissue due to breast size and shield type. During coronary angiography, the mean values of DAP and AK were 2.02 (1.24-2.80) mGy.m2 and 314.1 (202.8-500) mGy, respectively. The highest recorded dose was at the LAO/CRA and LAO/CAU beam projections for both the patient and operator. After applying a belt shield, the operator's radiation dose was decreased by approximately 32%. We found a statistically significant correlation between the radiation dose received by the operator and the patient's breast radiation exposure dose (p<0.001, r2=0.93). Conclusion: The designed belt shield can be a potentially promising protective device for decreasing the radiation risk to the patient's breast and the operator during coronary angiography. However, further studies will be considered before the application of this shield in standard clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"1 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14517
Z. Hormozi-Moghaddam, M. Mokhtari-Dizaji, Mohammad Ali Nilforoshzade, Mohsen Bakhshande, Sona Zare
Purpose: High-resolution ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive and objective appraisal. Ultrasound imaging accomplishes the target assessment and follow-up of radiation-induced skin injury. The study aimed to investigate the complete anatomical and structural alternations of acute wound healing in skin tissue radiation injury after cell therapy with high-frequency ultrasound imaging techniques. Materials and Methods: Female guinea pigs (250 g) were divided into 3 groups: (a) controls, consisting of non-treated guinea pigs; (b) radiation-treated; (c) radiation-treated receiving adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Acute radiation-induced skin injury was induced by a single fraction of X-ray irradiation of 60Gy to a 3.0×3.0-cm area with a 1.3-cm bolus on 100-cm SSD in the abdominal skin tissue. Ultrasonic imaging of the depth and quality of healing in the skin tissue was performed by processing ultrasound images at 40-MHz and 75-MHz frequencies. Results: Skin thickness indicated a significant difference between the treatment and control groups on Day 10 after 60 Gy irradiation (P<0.05). The highest skin thickness was observed in the irradiated group, and the lowest skin thickness was found in the stem cell treatment group. Conclusion: Evaluation of skin thickness, wound depth, and scar formation is important for the proper assessment and management of wound healing in stem cell therapy of radiation-induced skin damage. High-resolution ultrasound at 40- and 75-MHz frequencies is a major non-invasive method providing unprecedented insight into determining the characterization of the skin, particularly in the context of wound healing.
{"title":"High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging for Non-Invasive Characterization of Acute Wound Healing in Radiation Injury on Guinea Pig Skin Tissue","authors":"Z. Hormozi-Moghaddam, M. Mokhtari-Dizaji, Mohammad Ali Nilforoshzade, Mohsen Bakhshande, Sona Zare","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i1.14517","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: High-resolution ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive and objective appraisal. Ultrasound imaging accomplishes the target assessment and follow-up of radiation-induced skin injury. The study aimed to investigate the complete anatomical and structural alternations of acute wound healing in skin tissue radiation injury after cell therapy with high-frequency ultrasound imaging techniques. Materials and Methods: Female guinea pigs (250 g) were divided into 3 groups: (a) controls, consisting of non-treated guinea pigs; (b) radiation-treated; (c) radiation-treated receiving adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Acute radiation-induced skin injury was induced by a single fraction of X-ray irradiation of 60Gy to a 3.0×3.0-cm area with a 1.3-cm bolus on 100-cm SSD in the abdominal skin tissue. Ultrasonic imaging of the depth and quality of healing in the skin tissue was performed by processing ultrasound images at 40-MHz and 75-MHz frequencies. Results: Skin thickness indicated a significant difference between the treatment and control groups on Day 10 after 60 Gy irradiation (P<0.05). The highest skin thickness was observed in the irradiated group, and the lowest skin thickness was found in the stem cell treatment group. Conclusion: Evaluation of skin thickness, wound depth, and scar formation is important for the proper assessment and management of wound healing in stem cell therapy of radiation-induced skin damage. High-resolution ultrasound at 40- and 75-MHz frequencies is a major non-invasive method providing unprecedented insight into determining the characterization of the skin, particularly in the context of wound healing.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"12 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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