Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13159
S. Brindha, J. Justin
Purpose: The anatomical and physiological processes of the human body are pictured in radiology using different modalities. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) supports capturing the images of organs using magnetic field gradients. The quality of MR images is generally affected by various noises such as Gaussian, speckle, salt and pepper, Rayleigh, Rican etc. Removal of these noises from the MR images is essential for further diagnostic procedures. Materials and Methods: In this article, Gaussian noise, speckle noise, and salt and pepper noise are added to the MR uterus image for which different filters are applied to remove the noise for precise identification of endometrial carcinoma. Results: The different filters incorporated for the additive noise removal process are the bilateral filter, Non-Local Means (NLM) filter, anisotropic diffusion filter, and Convolution Neural Network (CNN). The efficiency of the filter is calculated by evaluating the response of the filter by gradually increasing the noise intensity of the MR images. Conclusion: Further, peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), structural similarity index measure, image quality index and computational cost parameters are computed and analyzed.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis on De-Noising of MRI Uterus Image for Identification of Endometrial Carcinoma","authors":"S. Brindha, J. Justin","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13159","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The anatomical and physiological processes of the human body are pictured in radiology using different modalities. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) supports capturing the images of organs using magnetic field gradients. The quality of MR images is generally affected by various noises such as Gaussian, speckle, salt and pepper, Rayleigh, Rican etc. Removal of these noises from the MR images is essential for further diagnostic procedures. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this article, Gaussian noise, speckle noise, and salt and pepper noise are added to the MR uterus image for which different filters are applied to remove the noise for precise identification of endometrial carcinoma. \u0000Results: The different filters incorporated for the additive noise removal process are the bilateral filter, Non-Local Means (NLM) filter, anisotropic diffusion filter, and Convolution Neural Network (CNN). The efficiency of the filter is calculated by evaluating the response of the filter by gradually increasing the noise intensity of the MR images. \u0000Conclusion: Further, peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), structural similarity index measure, image quality index and computational cost parameters are computed and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88315671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13157
K. Sharifi, D. Roshani, Bakhtiar Moradi, Jamil Abdolmohammadi, Shadi Parvizpour, Neda Charekhah, Somaye Moloudi, M. Mahmoodi
Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an acute, autoimmune, and inflammatory disease in the central nervous system. This study investigated the effect of sagittal Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) and T2-W Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequences rather than sagittal T2-W as complementary sequences in patients with cervical spinal cord lesions and suspected MS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all individuals referred to the Shahid Ghazi MRI center in Sanandaj for six months. Sixty patients with a cervical spine MRI request that were suspected of having MS were examined. The number of MS plaques in the sagittal T2-W FSE, sagittal STIR, and sagittal T2-W FLAIR were recorded separately. A comparison between routine sequences and sequence supplementation has been made for characterizing MS plaque in the spine. Results: Results showed that the greatest agreement was related to sagittal STIR, and sagittal FLAIR (Cohen’s kappa = 0.56). Whereas the least agreement values were from sagittal T2-W and sagittal FLAIR, STIR and FLAIR, T2-W and FLAIR, T2-W and STIR (Cohen’s kappa = 0.20, 0.33, 0.48, 0.55), respectively. Sagittal STIR and sagittal FLAIR were excellent predictors for MS plaques diagnosis due to the area under the ROC curve = 0.56; sensitivity (95% CI) = [0.85 (0.73426 to 0.929044)] and specificity (95% CI) = [0.46 (0.336699 to 0.600035)]. Conclusion: Results show that FLAIR T2-W images in sagittal sequence are appropriate for detecting lesions around spinal cord lesions. Furthermore, using thresholds obtained via statistical analysis, plaques in the cervical spinal cord can be identified in sagittal STIR images.
{"title":"The Effect of Sagittal STIR and FLAIR Sequences Compared to Sagittal T2-W for Characterizing MS Lesions in Cervical Spine MRI","authors":"K. Sharifi, D. Roshani, Bakhtiar Moradi, Jamil Abdolmohammadi, Shadi Parvizpour, Neda Charekhah, Somaye Moloudi, M. Mahmoodi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13157","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an acute, autoimmune, and inflammatory disease in the central nervous system. This study investigated the effect of sagittal Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) and T2-W Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequences rather than sagittal T2-W as complementary sequences in patients with cervical spinal cord lesions and suspected MS. \u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all individuals referred to the Shahid Ghazi MRI center in Sanandaj for six months. Sixty patients with a cervical spine MRI request that were suspected of having MS were examined. The number of MS plaques in the sagittal T2-W FSE, sagittal STIR, and sagittal T2-W FLAIR were recorded separately. A comparison between routine sequences and sequence supplementation has been made for characterizing MS plaque in the spine. \u0000Results: Results showed that the greatest agreement was related to sagittal STIR, and sagittal FLAIR (Cohen’s kappa = 0.56). Whereas the least agreement values were from sagittal T2-W and sagittal FLAIR, STIR and FLAIR, T2-W and FLAIR, T2-W and STIR (Cohen’s kappa = 0.20, 0.33, 0.48, 0.55), respectively. Sagittal STIR and sagittal FLAIR were excellent predictors for MS plaques diagnosis due to the area under the ROC curve = 0.56; sensitivity (95% CI) = [0.85 (0.73426 to 0.929044)] and specificity (95% CI) = [0.46 (0.336699 to 0.600035)]. \u0000Conclusion: Results show that FLAIR T2-W images in sagittal sequence are appropriate for detecting lesions around spinal cord lesions. Furthermore, using thresholds obtained via statistical analysis, plaques in the cervical spinal cord can be identified in sagittal STIR images.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73185139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13154
Golshan Mahmoudi, A. Bahrami, N. Rostampour, R. Maskani, Farzaneh Joukar, A. Hosseinzadeh
Purpose: Radiology examinations are growing significantly every year. Analysis of the CT scan reports can highlight defects and is a good way to develop safety in healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of normal head Computed Tomography (CT) scans at a hospital radiology department in Shahroud and estimate the cancer risk associated with these normal CT scans. Materials and Methods: In total, the data of 400 patients referred to the emergency radiology center of Imam Hossein hospital in Shahroud from November 23 to December 10, 2021, were collected. CT scan reports were categorized into three groups according to the interpretation of the radiologist. The BEIR VII model was used to estimate the radiation cancer risk. Results: Among the 400 patients, 248 (62%) were males and the average age of the patients was 49.05 ± 22.60 years. CT scans in 270 (67.5%) cases were reported normal. The average age of the patients with normal, and abnormal CT scans were 41.86 ± 20.27, and 63.03 ± 20.27 years, respectively and the difference was significant (p-value <0.001). The average effective dose was obtained 1.72±0.09, 1.31±0.11, and 0.87±0.09 mSv for different age groups of 1-5, 5-10, >10-year-old. The average risks of all solid cancers were 7.82 cases per 100,000 patients, while the average risk of leukemia was 0.71 cases per 100,000 patients. Conclusion: A large percentage of CT examinations are normal in our country which leads to many public health issues in the future years. Therefore, efforts should be made to establish predictor clinical factors to reduce unnecessary radiology examinations.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cancer Risk Induced by Radiation Exposure from Normal Head CT Scans","authors":"Golshan Mahmoudi, A. Bahrami, N. Rostampour, R. Maskani, Farzaneh Joukar, A. Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13154","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Radiology examinations are growing significantly every year. Analysis of the CT scan reports can highlight defects and is a good way to develop safety in healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of normal head Computed Tomography (CT) scans at a hospital radiology department in Shahroud and estimate the cancer risk associated with these normal CT scans. \u0000Materials and Methods: In total, the data of 400 patients referred to the emergency radiology center of Imam Hossein hospital in Shahroud from November 23 to December 10, 2021, were collected. CT scan reports were categorized into three groups according to the interpretation of the radiologist. The BEIR VII model was used to estimate the radiation cancer risk. \u0000Results: Among the 400 patients, 248 (62%) were males and the average age of the patients was 49.05 ± 22.60 years. CT scans in 270 (67.5%) cases were reported normal. The average age of the patients with normal, and abnormal CT scans were 41.86 ± 20.27, and 63.03 ± 20.27 years, respectively and the difference was significant (p-value <0.001). The average effective dose was obtained 1.72±0.09, 1.31±0.11, and 0.87±0.09 mSv for different age groups of 1-5, 5-10, >10-year-old. The average risks of all solid cancers were 7.82 cases per 100,000 patients, while the average risk of leukemia was 0.71 cases per 100,000 patients. \u0000Conclusion: A large percentage of CT examinations are normal in our country which leads to many public health issues in the future years. Therefore, efforts should be made to establish predictor clinical factors to reduce unnecessary radiology examinations.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78790383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13165
Ava Yektaeian Vaziri, B. Makkiabadi, N. Samadzadehaghdam
Purpose: Utilizing Electroencephalogram (EEG) is more than at any time in history, therefore we have introduced an open-source MATLAB function to provide simulated EEG which is as equivalent as viable to empirical EEG in a user-friendly way with ground truth that is not accessible in real EEG records. This function should be versatile due to the requirements such as the number and orientation of sources, various noises, mode of activation function, and different anatomical structures. Materials and Methods: We indicate all phases, modes, and formulas which constitute EEGg, EEG generator. This function supports selecting main sources locations and orientation, choosing SNR with white Gaussian noise, electrode numbers, and mode of activation functions. Also, users have the option to use automatic or partly automatic, or fully automatic EEG construction in EEGg. This function is ready to use at https://github.com/Avayekta/EEG. Results: EEGg is designed with several parameters that users have chosen. Hence, users can choose different variables to inspect the time and frequency aspects of synthetic EEG. Conclusion: EEGg is a multi-purpose and comprehensive function to mimic EEG but with ground-truth EEG data and adjustable parameters.
{"title":"EEGg: Generating Synthetic EEG Signals in Matlab Environment","authors":"Ava Yektaeian Vaziri, B. Makkiabadi, N. Samadzadehaghdam","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13165","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Utilizing Electroencephalogram (EEG) is more than at any time in history, therefore we have introduced an open-source MATLAB function to provide simulated EEG which is as equivalent as viable to empirical EEG in a user-friendly way with ground truth that is not accessible in real EEG records. \u0000This function should be versatile due to the requirements such as the number and orientation of sources, various noises, mode of activation function, and different anatomical structures. \u0000Materials and Methods: We indicate all phases, modes, and formulas which constitute EEGg, EEG generator. This function supports selecting main sources locations and orientation, choosing SNR with white Gaussian noise, electrode numbers, and mode of activation functions. Also, users have the option to use automatic or partly automatic, or fully automatic EEG construction in EEGg. This function is ready to use at https://github.com/Avayekta/EEG. \u0000Results: EEGg is designed with several parameters that users have chosen. Hence, users can choose different variables to inspect the time and frequency aspects of synthetic EEG. \u0000Conclusion: EEGg is a multi-purpose and comprehensive function to mimic EEG but with ground-truth EEG data and adjustable parameters.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85911675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is in the dementia group and is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Approximately 50 million people were affected in 2018, and that number is expected to triple by 2050. Several demographic properties, neuroimaging such as MRI, functional MRI (MRI), neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive abilities are used to predict AD. Between existing characteristics, White Matter (WM) is a known marker for AD tracking, and WM segmentation in MRI based on clustering can be used to decrease the volume of data. Many algorithms have been developed to predict AD, but most concentrate on the distinction of AD from Cognitive Normal (CN), and fewer on the distinction of AD from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which has an important position in AD progression. In addition, there are not efficient algorithms with low computational costs and sufficient features in clinical use. In this study, we provided a new, simple, and efficient methodology for classifying patients into AD and MCI patients and evaluated the effect of the view dimension of Fuzzy C means (FCM) in prediction with ensemble classifiers. This work was based on the segmentation of WM and extracting two groups of features. Materials and Methods: We proposed our methodology in three steps; first, segmentation of WM from T1 MRI with FCM according to two specific viewpoints (3D and 2D). In the second step, two groups of features are extracted: approximate coefficients of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with three-level decomposition and statistical (mean, variance, skewness) features. In the final step, an ensemble classifier that is constructed with three simple classifiers, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), was used to distinguish MCI from AD. Results: The proposed method has been evaluated by using 1,280 slices (samples) from 64 patients with MCI (32) and AD (32) of the ADNI dataset. The best performance is for the 3D viewpoint, and the accuracy, precision, and f1-score achieved from the methodology are 94.22%, 94.45%, and 94.21%, respectively, by using a ten-fold Cross-Validation (CV) strategy. Conclusion: The experimental evaluation shows that WM segmentation increases the performance of the ensemble classifier; moreover, the 3D view FCM is better than the 2D view. According to the results, the proposed methodology has comparable performance for the detection of MCI from AD. The low computational cost algorithm and the three classifiers for generalization can be used in practical application by physicians in pre-clinical.
{"title":"Efficient Algorithm for Distinction Mild Cognitive Impairment from Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Specific View FCM White Matter Segmentation and Ensemble Learning","authors":"Soheil Ahmadzadeh Irandoost, Faeze Sadat Mirafzali Saryazdi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13158","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is in the dementia group and is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Approximately 50 million people were affected in 2018, and that number is expected to triple by 2050. Several demographic properties, neuroimaging such as MRI, functional MRI (MRI), neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive abilities are used to predict AD. Between existing characteristics, White Matter (WM) is a known marker for AD tracking, and WM segmentation in MRI based on clustering can be used to decrease the volume of data. Many algorithms have been developed to predict AD, but most concentrate on the distinction of AD from Cognitive Normal (CN), and fewer on the distinction of AD from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which has an important position in AD progression. In addition, there are not efficient algorithms with low computational costs and sufficient features in clinical use. \u0000In this study, we provided a new, simple, and efficient methodology for classifying patients into AD and MCI patients and evaluated the effect of the view dimension of Fuzzy C means (FCM) in prediction with ensemble classifiers. This work was based on the segmentation of WM and extracting two groups of features. \u0000Materials and Methods: We proposed our methodology in three steps; first, segmentation of WM from T1 MRI with FCM according to two specific viewpoints (3D and 2D). In the second step, two groups of features are extracted: approximate coefficients of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with three-level decomposition and statistical (mean, variance, skewness) features. In the final step, an ensemble classifier that is constructed with three simple classifiers, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), was used to distinguish MCI from AD. \u0000Results: The proposed method has been evaluated by using 1,280 slices (samples) from 64 patients with MCI (32) and AD (32) of the ADNI dataset. The best performance is for the 3D viewpoint, and the accuracy, precision, and f1-score achieved from the methodology are 94.22%, 94.45%, and 94.21%, respectively, by using a ten-fold Cross-Validation (CV) strategy. \u0000Conclusion: The experimental evaluation shows that WM segmentation increases the performance of the ensemble classifier; moreover, the 3D view FCM is better than the 2D view. According to the results, the proposed methodology has comparable performance for the detection of MCI from AD. The low computational cost algorithm and the three classifiers for generalization can be used in practical application by physicians in pre-clinical.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91382470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13166
M. Javdani, A. Barzegar
Purpose: The pathophysiological progression of traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) includes primary and secondary injury. Secondary injury destroys the spinal cord tissue and neurological disorders. After primary mechanical damage, inflammation is the most important factor inducing astrogliosis and scar formation. The activation of inflammatory cells in the area of damage produces free radicals, all of which damage cell membranes. A significant level of oxygen-free radical production is involved in the pathology of SCI. Therefore, limiting secondary damage is very important in the clinical treatment of acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Materials and Methods: In this review article, the articles indexed in various databases were used. The collection of articles was evaluated without time constraints using keywords inducing traumatic SCI, inflammation, oxidative stress, chitosan, and selenium nanoparticles. Results: Inflammation and oxygen-free radicals play a key role in secondary damage after SCI. Therefore, as a new therapeutic approach, the use of hydrogels based on chitosan has been considered in SCI. The biocompatibility and biological properties of chitosan have made it considered a suitable material for nerve regeneration. Conclusion: The use of reactive oxygen species scavengers, including metal nanoparticles, can control inflammation and oxidative stress in spinal cord injuries. Selenium nanoparticle treatment may reduce secondary damage in SCI by using its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the use of selenium nanoparticles in the chitosan hydrogel bed can control the degeneration and functional improvement of the nerve tissue of the spinal cord.
{"title":"Application of Chitosan Hydrogels in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury; A Therapeutic Approach Based on the Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Selenium Nanoparticles","authors":"M. Javdani, A. Barzegar","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13166","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The pathophysiological progression of traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) includes primary and secondary injury. Secondary injury destroys the spinal cord tissue and neurological disorders. After primary mechanical damage, inflammation is the most important factor inducing astrogliosis and scar formation. The activation of inflammatory cells in the area of damage produces free radicals, all of which damage cell membranes. A significant level of oxygen-free radical production is involved in the pathology of SCI. Therefore, limiting secondary damage is very important in the clinical treatment of acute traumatic spinal cord injury. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this review article, the articles indexed in various databases were used. The collection of articles was evaluated without time constraints using keywords inducing traumatic SCI, inflammation, oxidative stress, chitosan, and selenium nanoparticles. \u0000Results: Inflammation and oxygen-free radicals play a key role in secondary damage after SCI. Therefore, as a new therapeutic approach, the use of hydrogels based on chitosan has been considered in SCI. The biocompatibility and biological properties of chitosan have made it considered a suitable material for nerve regeneration. \u0000Conclusion: The use of reactive oxygen species scavengers, including metal nanoparticles, can control inflammation and oxidative stress in spinal cord injuries. Selenium nanoparticle treatment may reduce secondary damage in SCI by using its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the use of selenium nanoparticles in the chitosan hydrogel bed can control the degeneration and functional improvement of the nerve tissue of the spinal cord.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72566781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13161
Mojtaba Rokni, M. Amiri, K. Ebrahimnejad Gorji, H. Talebian, A. Shabestani Monfared
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of samarium-153-EDTMP (153Sm-EDTMP) on pain relief bone metastases of Breast Cancer (BC) and Prostate Cancer (PC) patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients aged 40-77 years (62.6±10.2 years) with intractable metastatic bone pain were included in the current study. A checklist of patient information and a standard questionnaire for the assessment of pain and quality of life were completed before and after four and eight week’s palliative treatment with 37 MBq/kg of 153Sm-EDTMP. To analyse the data, parametric and non-parametric tests were used in SPSS software. Results: Twelve females with BC (40%) and 18 males with PC (60%) were included. Four and eight weeks after palliative treatment of 153Sm-EDTMP, the mean pain score reduction and quality of life were statistically increased compared to before the intervention (P-value < 0.05). Notably, the amount of pain reduction in the fourth week was more than in the eighth week; however, the quality of life was better in the eighth week, without significant variation (P-value <0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant relationship between pain reduction and the type of primary diseases, BC, and PC (P-value >0.05). Conclusion: The injection of 153Sm-EDTMP had therapeutic efficacy for bone pain palliation in patients with diffuse bone metastases at the end of the 4th and 8th week post-infusion.
{"title":"Efficacy of 153Sm-EDTMP on Bone Pain Palliation in Metastatic Patients: Breast and Prostate Cancers","authors":"Mojtaba Rokni, M. Amiri, K. Ebrahimnejad Gorji, H. Talebian, A. Shabestani Monfared","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13161","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of samarium-153-EDTMP (153Sm-EDTMP) on pain relief bone metastases of Breast Cancer (BC) and Prostate Cancer (PC) patients. \u0000Materials and Methods: Thirty patients aged 40-77 years (62.6±10.2 years) with intractable metastatic bone pain were included in the current study. A checklist of patient information and a standard questionnaire for the assessment of pain and quality of life were completed before and after four and eight week’s palliative treatment with 37 MBq/kg of 153Sm-EDTMP. To analyse the data, parametric and non-parametric tests were used in SPSS software. \u0000Results: Twelve females with BC (40%) and 18 males with PC (60%) were included. Four and eight weeks after palliative treatment of 153Sm-EDTMP, the mean pain score reduction and quality of life were statistically increased compared to before the intervention (P-value < 0.05). Notably, the amount of pain reduction in the fourth week was more than in the eighth week; however, the quality of life was better in the eighth week, without significant variation (P-value <0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant relationship between pain reduction and the type of primary diseases, BC, and PC (P-value >0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The injection of 153Sm-EDTMP had therapeutic efficacy for bone pain palliation in patients with diffuse bone metastases at the end of the 4th and 8th week post-infusion.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90620712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13162
Minoo Sisakhti, Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli, H. Farrahi
Purpose: Memory and learning have particular importance due to their ubiquitous nature in everyday life and the high prevalence of related complaints. The present study aimed to provide normative data for one of the most widely used tests of verbal memory and learning in Iran and to assess the effect of demographic variables of age, gender, and education on its various measures. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as part of the Iranian Brain Imaging Database (IBID) project. The sample consisted of 300 normal individuals in the age range of 20 to 70 years, with an equal number of participants in each age decade (#60). The sample was classified by five decades, including 20-30-year-olds, 31-40-year-olds, 41-50-year-olds, 51-60-year-olds, and 61-70-year-olds. Each age decade was divided equally between the genders. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), which was defined in terms of 10 scores on learning, recall, and recognition, was used to assess verbal learning and memory. Results: The correlation matrix among the variables shows that all three variables of age, gender, and education had a significant correlation with most RAVLT measures. Among the three demographic variables, age had the strongest correlation with most RAVLT scores. Three-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of age and gender on memory and learning measures was significant. On the other hand, the effect of education on some measures was statistically significant. In addition, the mean and standard deviation of 10 RAVLT measures classified by gender and education years in the five age groups are provided. Conclusion: The findings show that while increasing age, verbal memory, and learning performance decline, women outperform men, and education affects some indicators of learning and memory. These findings emphasize the importance of using age-, gender- and education-related normative data in clinical, educational, and research settings.
{"title":"The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: Age-, Gender- and Education-Related Normative Data for The Iranian Healthy Population","authors":"Minoo Sisakhti, Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli, H. Farrahi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13162","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Memory and learning have particular importance due to their ubiquitous nature in everyday life and the high prevalence of related complaints. The present study aimed to provide normative data for one of the most widely used tests of verbal memory and learning in Iran and to assess the effect of demographic variables of age, gender, and education on its various measures. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as part of the Iranian Brain Imaging Database (IBID) project. The sample consisted of 300 normal individuals in the age range of 20 to 70 years, with an equal number of participants in each age decade (#60). The sample was classified by five decades, including 20-30-year-olds, 31-40-year-olds, 41-50-year-olds, 51-60-year-olds, and 61-70-year-olds. Each age decade was divided equally between the genders. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), which was defined in terms of 10 scores on learning, recall, and recognition, was used to assess verbal learning and memory. \u0000Results: The correlation matrix among the variables shows that all three variables of age, gender, and education had a significant correlation with most RAVLT measures. Among the three demographic variables, age had the strongest correlation with most RAVLT scores. Three-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of age and gender on memory and learning measures was significant. On the other hand, the effect of education on some measures was statistically significant. In addition, the mean and standard deviation of 10 RAVLT measures classified by gender and education years in the five age groups are provided. \u0000Conclusion: The findings show that while increasing age, verbal memory, and learning performance decline, women outperform men, and education affects some indicators of learning and memory. These findings emphasize the importance of using age-, gender- and education-related normative data in clinical, educational, and research settings.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89759938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13149
A. Mesbahi, Mostafa Robatjazi, H. Baghani, E. Mansouri, M. Mohammadi
Purpose: Absorbed dose enhancement due to the presence of high atomic number Nanoparticles (NP)s has been estimated and modeled by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods. In the current study, two MC codes of Monte Carlo N‐Particle eXtended (MCNPX) and EGSnrc codes were compared by calculation of secondary electron energy spectra and nano-scaled dose values around four types of spherical NPs. Materials and Methods: The MC model was composed of a spherical nanoparticle with a diameter of 50 nm and mono-energetic sources of photons with energies of 30,60, and 100 keV. The secondary electrons emitted from the nanoparticle were scored on the nanoparticle surface and the delivered dose to water around the nanoparticle was tallied using concentric shells with a thickness of 25 nm. Four different elements were used as materials of NPs, including Gold, Bismuth, Gadolinium, and Hafnium. Results: Our results showed a considerable difference in the number of emitted electrons per incident photon between the two codes. There were also discrepancies between the two codes in the energy spectra of secondary electrons. Calculated radial dose values around NPs in nano-scale had a similar pattern for both codes. However, significant differences existed for some elements. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the results of nano-scaled MC modeling for nanoparticle-based radiation therapy are dependent on the code type and its algorithm for electron transport as well as exploited cross-section libraries.
{"title":"Comparison of MCNPX and EGSnrc Monte Carlo Codes in the Calculation of Nano-Scaled Absorbed Doses and Secondary Electron Spectra around Clinically Relevant Nanoparticles","authors":"A. Mesbahi, Mostafa Robatjazi, H. Baghani, E. Mansouri, M. Mohammadi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i3.13149","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Absorbed dose enhancement due to the presence of high atomic number Nanoparticles (NP)s has been estimated and modeled by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods. In the current study, two MC codes of Monte Carlo N‐Particle eXtended (MCNPX) and EGSnrc codes were compared by calculation of secondary electron energy spectra and nano-scaled dose values around four types of spherical NPs. \u0000Materials and Methods: The MC model was composed of a spherical nanoparticle with a diameter of 50 nm and mono-energetic sources of photons with energies of 30,60, and 100 keV. The secondary electrons emitted from the nanoparticle were scored on the nanoparticle surface and the delivered dose to water around the nanoparticle was tallied using concentric shells with a thickness of 25 nm. Four different elements were used as materials of NPs, including Gold, Bismuth, Gadolinium, and Hafnium. \u0000Results: Our results showed a considerable difference in the number of emitted electrons per incident photon between the two codes. There were also discrepancies between the two codes in the energy spectra of secondary electrons. Calculated radial dose values around NPs in nano-scale had a similar pattern for both codes. However, significant differences existed for some elements. \u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that the results of nano-scaled MC modeling for nanoparticle-based radiation therapy are dependent on the code type and its algorithm for electron transport as well as exploited cross-section libraries.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85750500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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