Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N4-309-324
J. Sentian, F. Herman, Chan Yit Yih And Jackson Chang Hian Wui
Air pollution has become increasingly significant in the last few decades as a major potential risk to public health in Malaysia due to rapid economic development, coupled with seasonal trans-boundary pollution. Over the years, air pollution in Malaysia has been characterised by large seasonal variations, which are significantly attributed to trans-boundary pollution. The aim of this study is to analyse the long-term temporal dynamic (1997–2015) of CO, NO x and PM 10 at 20 monitoring stations across Malaysia. Long-term pollutant trends were analysed using the Mann–Kendall test. For potential pollutant source analysis, satellite data and Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) backward trajectories model were employed. In all monitoring sites, we observed that the annual average concentrations of PM 10 were varied, with large coefficient variations. Meanwhile, CO and NOx were found to be less varied, with smaller coefficient variations, except in certain monitoring sites. Long-term analysis trends for CO attested to insignificant decreasing trends in 11 monitoring stations and increasing trends in seven stations. Meanwhile, NO x showed no significant trends in most stations. For PM 10 , five monitoring stations showed increasing trends, whereas 15 other stations showed decreasing trends. HYSPLIT backward trajectory analyses have shown that high seasonal PM 10 levels in most parts of Malaysia are due to trans-boundary pollution. Large-scale intense biomass burning in Indonesia, particularly during the southwest monsoon, has been identified as the main potential source. Long-term air pollution in Malaysia is characterised largely by trans-boundary pollution and is highly seasonal. In urban areas of Malaysian Peninsula, combinations of trans-boundary pollution and local emission sources were notably identified as important sources. Long-term PM 10 pollution in Malaysia shows small but significant decreasing trends. Therefore, to ensure that the effect of air pollution on human health is minimised, special attention needs to be focused on short-term pollution episodes, particularly during trans-boundary pollution events and extreme weather conditions such as El Niño.
{"title":"Long-term air pollution trend analysis in Malaysia","authors":"J. Sentian, F. Herman, Chan Yit Yih And Jackson Chang Hian Wui","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N4-309-324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-309-324","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution has become increasingly significant in the last few decades as a major potential risk to public health in Malaysia due to rapid economic development, coupled with seasonal trans-boundary pollution. Over the years, air pollution in Malaysia has been characterised by large seasonal variations, which are significantly attributed to trans-boundary pollution. The aim of this study is to analyse the long-term temporal dynamic (1997–2015) of CO, NO x and PM 10 at 20 monitoring stations across Malaysia. Long-term pollutant trends were analysed using the Mann–Kendall test. For potential pollutant source analysis, satellite data and Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) backward trajectories model were employed. In all monitoring sites, we observed that the annual average concentrations of PM 10 were varied, with large coefficient variations. Meanwhile, CO and NOx were found to be less varied, with smaller coefficient variations, except in certain monitoring sites. Long-term analysis trends for CO attested to insignificant decreasing trends in 11 monitoring stations and increasing trends in seven stations. Meanwhile, NO x showed no significant trends in most stations. For PM 10 , five monitoring stations showed increasing trends, whereas 15 other stations showed decreasing trends. HYSPLIT backward trajectory analyses have shown that high seasonal PM 10 levels in most parts of Malaysia are due to trans-boundary pollution. Large-scale intense biomass burning in Indonesia, particularly during the southwest monsoon, has been identified as the main potential source. Long-term air pollution in Malaysia is characterised largely by trans-boundary pollution and is highly seasonal. In urban areas of Malaysian Peninsula, combinations of trans-boundary pollution and local emission sources were notably identified as important sources. Long-term PM 10 pollution in Malaysia shows small but significant decreasing trends. Therefore, to ensure that the effect of air pollution on human health is minimised, special attention needs to be focused on short-term pollution episodes, particularly during trans-boundary pollution events and extreme weather conditions such as El Niño.","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79463440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N4-356-365
Kwonchul Ha, Donguk Park
{"title":"Environmental to bacco smoke exposure and The impact of a smoking ban in internet cafes, pubs and billiard halls around a university in Korea","authors":"Kwonchul Ha, Donguk Park","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N4-356-365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-356-365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78600515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N4-336-345
Weiqian Wang, Qingyue Wang
{"title":"Chemical characteristics of water-soluble ions and metal elements in ambient particles of Saitama, Japan during the spring asian dust\u0000event, 2017","authors":"Weiqian Wang, Qingyue Wang","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N4-336-345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-336-345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90522223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N4-325-335
K. Lach, Ivona Smolová
studies in the field of the adverse effect of inhaled particles show that not only particle mass is crucial but also particle size and specific surface are. The main objective of this study was to investigate and characterise ultrafine particle (ufp) emissions on workplace in the manufacture of ceramic tiles at two problematic places at ceramic tiles kiln and spraying glazing suspension. The process of creating of glaze on the surface of stove tiles is performed at temperatures reaching up to 1,100c. at this high temperature occurs fugitive emissions from glaze and ceramic consist of vapours and ufp containing various heavy metals such as pb, cr, cu, mo, Zr, etc. from glaze and ceramic, respectively. The data obtained from the measurements confirmed the significant emissions of ufp at the two chosen workplaces, but the composition of particles, their size distribution and other parameters differed from one to another. in case of the workplace near the kiln, the following parameters were noted: total concentration of particles ranging from 5.6 nm to 560 nm is 2×10–4×10 n/cm; median of size distribution is 37 nm, median of mass distribution is 153 nm, particle surface deposited in tracheobronchial (Tb) part of lungs is 200 μm/cm, particle surface deposited in alveolar (a) part of lungs is 450 μm/cm and the concentration of pb is 3,744 μg/m. in the case of the manual spraying of the glaze suspension on tiles, the following parameters were noted: total concentration of particles is 2×10 n/cm; median of size distribution is 11 nm, median of mass distribution is 177 nm, particle surface deposited in Tb part of lungs is 50 μm/cm, particle surface deposited in a part of lungs is 170 μm/cm and the concentration of pb is 1.9 μg/m. it can be concluded from the data above that both the measured workplaces meet the permissible exposure limit for lead, which is 50 μg/m. it is important to note that, in this study, the health impacts of ufp on staff and employees were not studied.
{"title":"The emission of Ultrafine Particles in the manufacture of fireplace ceramic tiles","authors":"K. Lach, Ivona Smolová","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N4-325-335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-325-335","url":null,"abstract":"studies in the field of the adverse effect of inhaled particles show that not only particle mass is crucial but also particle size and specific surface are. The main objective of this study was to investigate and characterise ultrafine particle (ufp) emissions on workplace in the manufacture of ceramic tiles at two problematic places at ceramic tiles kiln and spraying glazing suspension. The process of creating of glaze on the surface of stove tiles is performed at temperatures reaching up to 1,100c. at this high temperature occurs fugitive emissions from glaze and ceramic consist of vapours and ufp containing various heavy metals such as pb, cr, cu, mo, Zr, etc. from glaze and ceramic, respectively. The data obtained from the measurements confirmed the significant emissions of ufp at the two chosen workplaces, but the composition of particles, their size distribution and other parameters differed from one to another. in case of the workplace near the kiln, the following parameters were noted: total concentration of particles ranging from 5.6 nm to 560 nm is 2×10–4×10 n/cm; median of size distribution is 37 nm, median of mass distribution is 153 nm, particle surface deposited in tracheobronchial (Tb) part of lungs is 200 μm/cm, particle surface deposited in alveolar (a) part of lungs is 450 μm/cm and the concentration of pb is 3,744 μg/m. in the case of the manual spraying of the glaze suspension on tiles, the following parameters were noted: total concentration of particles is 2×10 n/cm; median of size distribution is 11 nm, median of mass distribution is 177 nm, particle surface deposited in Tb part of lungs is 50 μm/cm, particle surface deposited in a part of lungs is 170 μm/cm and the concentration of pb is 1.9 μg/m. it can be concluded from the data above that both the measured workplaces meet the permissible exposure limit for lead, which is 50 μg/m. it is important to note that, in this study, the health impacts of ufp on staff and employees were not studied.","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89076982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381
Jinmei Lu, F. Yuan, T. Leiviskä
In this study, the effect of temperature on the leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from oxidized tailings, Ballangen deposit, Norway, was investigated by a laboratory batch leaching experiment. The leaching was conducted at four different temperatures 5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 20°C and 2 precipitation rates of 8 mm/week and 20 mm/week. The leachates from six leaching cycles were collected, and the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn were tested. The results showed that at a precipitation rate of 20 mm/ week, the leached amount of Cr, Fe, Cu was highest at a leaching temperature of 20°C and the lowest leached amount for Cr was observed at 10°C. 10°C seems to be a threshold temperature for the leaching of Cr. However, at a precipitation rate of 8 mm/week, the highest leached amount of Cr, Fe and Cu was observed at 5°C and the lowest leached amount for Cr and Fe was observed at 20°C. The relationship between the accumulated leached amount of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn and leaching water volume was approximated by a logarithmic function at different temperatures. If the factor of precipitation is ignored, only the accumulated leached amount at different temperatures is considered. The accumulated leached amount of Cr, Fe and Cu is highest at a leaching temperature of 20°C, which is significantly higher than that at other leaching temperatures by the established statistical model. The accumulated leached amount of Ni at 15°C and 20°C is significantly higher than that at 5°C and 10°C. The accumulated leached amount of Zn was highest at a leaching temperature of 10°C, which was significantly higher than that at 15°C and 20°C by the statistical model. Zn tends to be leached out at low temperatures.
{"title":"The effect of temperature on the leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from tailings, Ballangen deposit, Norway","authors":"Jinmei Lu, F. Yuan, T. Leiviskä","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N4-366-381","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of temperature on the leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from oxidized tailings, Ballangen deposit, Norway, was investigated by a laboratory batch leaching experiment. The leaching was conducted at four different temperatures 5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 20°C and 2 precipitation rates of 8 mm/week and 20 mm/week. The leachates from six leaching cycles were collected, and the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn were tested. The results showed that at a precipitation rate of 20 mm/ week, the leached amount of Cr, Fe, Cu was highest at a leaching temperature of 20°C and the lowest leached amount for Cr was observed at 10°C. 10°C seems to be a threshold temperature for the leaching of Cr. However, at a precipitation rate of 8 mm/week, the highest leached amount of Cr, Fe and Cu was observed at 5°C and the lowest leached amount for Cr and Fe was observed at 20°C. The relationship between the accumulated leached amount of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn and leaching water volume was approximated by a logarithmic function at different temperatures. If the factor of precipitation is ignored, only the accumulated leached amount at different temperatures is considered. The accumulated leached amount of Cr, Fe and Cu is highest at a leaching temperature of 20°C, which is significantly higher than that at other leaching temperatures by the established statistical model. The accumulated leached amount of Ni at 15°C and 20°C is significantly higher than that at 5°C and 10°C. The accumulated leached amount of Zn was highest at a leaching temperature of 10°C, which was significantly higher than that at 15°C and 20°C by the statistical model. Zn tends to be leached out at low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81837211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N3-283-299
S. Spengler, M. Heskett, Julia I. Gray
A survey water quality study was conducted between 2014 and 2017 to investigate the presence and concentration of pesticides in the nearshore marine environments on the islands of Oahu and Kauai. On Kauai, a total of 32 surface water and 16 sediment samples were collected from four streams and one irrigation ditch over multiple sampling events. On Oahu, a total of 27 surface water and 16 sediment samples were collected from six streams on the leeward side of the island over multiple sampling events, typically under baseflow conditions. The samples were analysed for 197 compounds spanning eight chemical classes of pesticides. Five herbicide (glyphosate, metolachlor, atrazine, imazapyr and MCPA) and one insecticide (imidacloprid) compounds were detected in the surface water samples collected. Seven insecticide (imidacloprid, carbaryl, chlordane, p,pʹ-DDD, p,pʹ-DDE, p,pʹ-DDT and dieldrin), five herbicide [glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), diuron, DCPMU and pendimethalin] and one fungicide (azoxystrobin) compound were detected in the stream bed sediments collected. Detected pesticides spanned the pesticide class list, with seven of the eight classes of pesticides tested discovered. This study found widespread, low level contamination by both legacy and currently used pesticides in nearshore waters and river bed sediments on the islands of Oahu and Kauai. Based on the pesticide data obtained during the study, five streams on the island of Oahu (two leeward and three windward streams) were selected for additional high-frequency sampling for the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate (Roundup), due to this compound’s prevalence and the elevated concentration levels (compared to other pesticides) measured. These five streams flow through watersheds dominated by agricultural, residential and mixed-use land use and were sampled under both baseflow and storm conditions. The pervasiveness and overall concentration levels of glyphosate detected are greater than any other pesticide currently or historically present in Hawaiian streams. Glyphosate was detected in 95% of stream samples collected during storm events (59 samples, 798 ng/L median, 1,308 ng/L mean detects) and 60% of stream samples collected under baseflow conditions (103 samples, 152 ng/L median, 462 ng/L mean detects), respectively (detection limit = 50 ng/L). In addition, either glyphosate or its degradation product AMPA was detected in 100% of the stream bed sediment samples collected on Oahu and Kauai during the study. The higher glyphosate concentrations in measured stream samples collected under storm versus baseflow conditions is believed to result from the release of adsorbed glyphosate present in stream-bed sediments as they become re-suspended during the rapid rises in stream volumes that characterize Hawaiian stream during runoff events. The mean glyphosate concentration measured in streams that drain urban and mixed-use areas (1,020 and 1,050 ng/L, respectively) was slightly h
{"title":"Pesticide levels in streams and sediments on the islands of Oahu and Kauai, Hawaii","authors":"S. Spengler, M. Heskett, Julia I. Gray","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N3-283-299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N3-283-299","url":null,"abstract":"A survey water quality study was conducted between 2014 and 2017 to investigate the presence and concentration of pesticides in the nearshore marine environments on the islands of Oahu and Kauai. On Kauai, a total of 32 surface water and 16 sediment samples were collected from four streams and one irrigation ditch over multiple sampling events. On Oahu, a total of 27 surface water and 16 sediment samples were collected from six streams on the leeward side of the island over multiple sampling events, typically under baseflow conditions. The samples were analysed for 197 compounds spanning eight chemical classes of pesticides. Five herbicide (glyphosate, metolachlor, atrazine, imazapyr and MCPA) and one insecticide (imidacloprid) compounds were detected in the surface water samples collected. Seven insecticide (imidacloprid, carbaryl, chlordane, p,pʹ-DDD, p,pʹ-DDE, p,pʹ-DDT and dieldrin), five herbicide [glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), diuron, DCPMU and pendimethalin] and one fungicide (azoxystrobin) compound were detected in the stream bed sediments collected. Detected pesticides spanned the pesticide class list, with seven of the eight classes of pesticides tested discovered. This study found widespread, low level contamination by both legacy and currently used pesticides in nearshore waters and river bed sediments on the islands of Oahu and Kauai. Based on the pesticide data obtained during the study, five streams on the island of Oahu (two leeward and three windward streams) were selected for additional high-frequency sampling for the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate (Roundup), due to this compound’s prevalence and the elevated concentration levels (compared to other pesticides) measured. These five streams flow through watersheds dominated by agricultural, residential and mixed-use land use and were sampled under both baseflow and storm conditions. The pervasiveness and overall concentration levels of glyphosate detected are greater than any other pesticide currently or historically present in Hawaiian streams. Glyphosate was detected in 95% of stream samples collected during storm events (59 samples, 798 ng/L median, 1,308 ng/L mean detects) and 60% of stream samples collected under baseflow conditions (103 samples, 152 ng/L median, 462 ng/L mean detects), respectively (detection limit = 50 ng/L). In addition, either glyphosate or its degradation product AMPA was detected in 100% of the stream bed sediment samples collected on Oahu and Kauai during the study. The higher glyphosate concentrations in measured stream samples collected under storm versus baseflow conditions is believed to result from the release of adsorbed glyphosate present in stream-bed sediments as they become re-suspended during the rapid rises in stream volumes that characterize Hawaiian stream during runoff events. The mean glyphosate concentration measured in streams that drain urban and mixed-use areas (1,020 and 1,050 ng/L, respectively) was slightly h","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78780011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N3-259-271
Bryan Robert Jenkins
{"title":"Management of cumulative impacts: Lessons from Canterbury, New Zealand","authors":"Bryan Robert Jenkins","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N3-259-271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N3-259-271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75483955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N3-272-282
O. Kareem, A. Olanrewaju, O. Orisasona
African snakehead (Parachanna obscura) is a highly valued freshwater fish species in Nigeria, but its availability for economic and nutritional benefits is being threatened as a result of overdependence on wild source. Effort at bringing it to culture is, however, being limited by paucity of information on its biology among other challenges. Therefore, key aspects of the reproductive biology of this species were investigated as a prelude to artificially propagate it. 688 live samples comprise of 394 females (12.6–45.0cm TL) and 294 males (12.8–41.6cm TL) were fortnightly obtained in Eleyele Lake between November 2014 and October 2016 from fishermen majorly using longline, cast nets and gillnets of various mesh sizes. Morphometric parameters of fish were taken, and each sample dissected for sex identification following standard method. The maturation stages were analysed using macroscopic and standard histological techniques. The sex ratio of samples varied significantly (p< 0.05), with 1.34 females for every male. Five stages of oogenesis and three stages of spermatogenesis were obtained from samples analysed. Mean gonadosomatic index were significantly higher in May (2.26±0.86%), June (2.08±0.80%) and January (1.98±0.77%) for female samples and in June (0.18±0.06%) and December (0.21±0.06%) for male, implying peaks of gonadal development for the sexes. Length at first maturity calculated was 26.6 cm for males and 25.8 cm for females. The diameter of ova, however, varies from 0.60 to 1.42 mm. Absolute fecundity ranged between 336 (at 20.5cm total length) and 7,033 (at 36.7 cm total length). The relationship between fecundity and total length, weight, ovary length and ovary weight was linear and positive. This research provides key information necessary for artificial propagation of P. obscura.
{"title":"Aspect of reproductive biology of Parachanna obscura, Gunther 1861 in a southwestern Nigerian reservoir","authors":"O. Kareem, A. Olanrewaju, O. Orisasona","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N3-272-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N3-272-282","url":null,"abstract":"African snakehead (Parachanna obscura) is a highly valued freshwater fish species in Nigeria, but its availability for economic and nutritional benefits is being threatened as a result of overdependence on wild source. Effort at bringing it to culture is, however, being limited by paucity of information on its biology among other challenges. Therefore, key aspects of the reproductive biology of this species were investigated as a prelude to artificially propagate it. 688 live samples comprise of 394 females (12.6–45.0cm TL) and 294 males (12.8–41.6cm TL) were fortnightly obtained in Eleyele Lake between November 2014 and October 2016 from fishermen majorly using longline, cast nets and gillnets of various mesh sizes. Morphometric parameters of fish were taken, and each sample dissected for sex identification following standard method. The maturation stages were analysed using macroscopic and standard histological techniques. The sex ratio of samples varied significantly (p< 0.05), with 1.34 females for every male. Five stages of oogenesis and three stages of spermatogenesis were obtained from samples analysed. Mean gonadosomatic index were significantly higher in May (2.26±0.86%), June (2.08±0.80%) and January (1.98±0.77%) for female samples and in June (0.18±0.06%) and December (0.21±0.06%) for male, implying peaks of gonadal development for the sexes. Length at first maturity calculated was 26.6 cm for males and 25.8 cm for females. The diameter of ova, however, varies from 0.60 to 1.42 mm. Absolute fecundity ranged between 336 (at 20.5cm total length) and 7,033 (at 36.7 cm total length). The relationship between fecundity and total length, weight, ovary length and ovary weight was linear and positive. This research provides key information necessary for artificial propagation of P. obscura.","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88665097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N3-229-239
S. Torres, S. C. Hernández, L. Jimenez
Water pollution by Cr is challenging due to its high toxicity. Most of chromium is released by industrial processes. Different methods have been developed to remove heavy metals from water, but they are expensive and not efficient for low concentrations. Microorganisms have received attention since they are able to grow in stress conditions. Bacteria living in water bodies near to mining are resistant to heavy metals; then, they have potential for bioadsorption applications. The purpose of this work was to isolate a microorganism tolerant to Cr from water bodies near to a mining zone. The isolated, Pseudomonas koreensis, was immobilized in alginate beads and its efficiency to remove Cr from water was evaluated. For isolation, serial dilution of samples was conducted; microorganisms were cultured in EMB, MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar and incubated at 30–35 °C for 24 h. The dominant colonies were replanted in nutrient agar supplemented with chromium and they were incubated at 30–35 °C until growth evidence. Species identification was done according to Bergey’s Manual and by 16 S rDNA sequencing. Alginate beads were prepared by slow continuous deposition method. Isolated bacteria were set in batch reactors together with alginate beads and nutrient medium to promote microorganism immobilization. The biofilm presence was confirmed through SEM. A random experimental design was used to determine the best amount of adsorbent in lab scale batch reactors. The concentration was taken as variable considering 15, 25 and 40 g. Temperature, pH, stirring and concentration of Cr (VI) were fixed at 30°C, 6.6, 150 rpm and 10 ppm, respectively. Samples from 0 to 56 h were taken. A variance analysis was performed. Chromium removal of 97% at 32 h was reached. Significative difference was observed related to adsorbent concentration and time. The best results correspond to 40 g of adsorbent.
{"title":"Bioadsorption of Cr (VI) in aqueous solutions by pseudomonas koreensis immobilized in alginate beads","authors":"S. Torres, S. C. Hernández, L. Jimenez","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N3-229-239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N3-229-239","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution by Cr is challenging due to its high toxicity. Most of chromium is released by industrial processes. Different methods have been developed to remove heavy metals from water, but they are expensive and not efficient for low concentrations. Microorganisms have received attention since they are able to grow in stress conditions. Bacteria living in water bodies near to mining are resistant to heavy metals; then, they have potential for bioadsorption applications. The purpose of this work was to isolate a microorganism tolerant to Cr from water bodies near to a mining zone. The isolated, Pseudomonas koreensis, was immobilized in alginate beads and its efficiency to remove Cr from water was evaluated. For isolation, serial dilution of samples was conducted; microorganisms were cultured in EMB, MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar and incubated at 30–35 °C for 24 h. The dominant colonies were replanted in nutrient agar supplemented with chromium and they were incubated at 30–35 °C until growth evidence. Species identification was done according to Bergey’s Manual and by 16 S rDNA sequencing. Alginate beads were prepared by slow continuous deposition method. Isolated bacteria were set in batch reactors together with alginate beads and nutrient medium to promote microorganism immobilization. The biofilm presence was confirmed through SEM. A random experimental design was used to determine the best amount of adsorbent in lab scale batch reactors. The concentration was taken as variable considering 15, 25 and 40 g. Temperature, pH, stirring and concentration of Cr (VI) were fixed at 30°C, 6.6, 150 rpm and 10 ppm, respectively. Samples from 0 to 56 h were taken. A variance analysis was performed. Chromium removal of 97% at 32 h was reached. Significative difference was observed related to adsorbent concentration and time. The best results correspond to 40 g of adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87661052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.2495/EI-V2-N3-215-228
J. C. Izidoro, D. Castanho, C. Rossati, D. Fungaro, S. Guilhen, T. Nogueira, M. Andrade
High-purity zeolites A were synthesized from different coal combustion by-products (baghouse filter fly ash, cyclone filter ash, and bottom ash) and characterized in terms of morphology, chemical, and mineralogical composition. The products were tested for carbon dioxide capture by using a continuous CO 2 flow system passing through a column packed with the adsorbent material, which was connected to an analyser that directly measures the concentration of CO 2 . The values of CO 2 adsorption capacities calculated for the unmodified Na-A zeolites (ZABF, ZACF, and ZABA) were 556.48, 494.29 and 654.82 mg g, respectively. These values were higher than those achieved by the calcium-modified zeolite samples. ZABA adsorbent presented the best performance in CO 2 capture when compared to the other adsorbent material and achieved an adsorption capacity 32% higher than a 4A commercial zeolite. In the adsorption cycles study, the percentage of CO 2 desorption by ZABA at the second and third cycles reached 93%, showing that zeolite A can be regenerated by heating at 150 oC. The use of coal ashes to obtain zeolites and the application of these products for the CO 2 adsorption can be an important strategy to mitigate both the problem of waste management and the greenhouse gases emission in coal-fired power plants.
{"title":"Application of high-purity zeolite a synthesized from different coal combustion by-products in carbon dioxide capture","authors":"J. C. Izidoro, D. Castanho, C. Rossati, D. Fungaro, S. Guilhen, T. Nogueira, M. Andrade","doi":"10.2495/EI-V2-N3-215-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V2-N3-215-228","url":null,"abstract":"High-purity zeolites A were synthesized from different coal combustion by-products (baghouse filter fly ash, cyclone filter ash, and bottom ash) and characterized in terms of morphology, chemical, and mineralogical composition. The products were tested for carbon dioxide capture by using a continuous CO 2 flow system passing through a column packed with the adsorbent material, which was connected to an analyser that directly measures the concentration of CO 2 . The values of CO 2 adsorption capacities calculated for the unmodified Na-A zeolites (ZABF, ZACF, and ZABA) were 556.48, 494.29 and 654.82 mg g, respectively. These values were higher than those achieved by the calcium-modified zeolite samples. ZABA adsorbent presented the best performance in CO 2 capture when compared to the other adsorbent material and achieved an adsorption capacity 32% higher than a 4A commercial zeolite. In the adsorption cycles study, the percentage of CO 2 desorption by ZABA at the second and third cycles reached 93%, showing that zeolite A can be regenerated by heating at 150 oC. The use of coal ashes to obtain zeolites and the application of these products for the CO 2 adsorption can be an important strategy to mitigate both the problem of waste management and the greenhouse gases emission in coal-fired power plants.","PeriodicalId":34209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Impacts","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74075307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：