Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2022.173410
Bana Hassan Shekh Faraj, A. Siddiq
DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.32894/kujss. 2022.173410 Abstract This paper is concerned with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system that is adopted by a wireless communication system for transmitting multicarrier modulated signals simultaneously with robustness against interference and noise facing the system. It presents a significant issue related to the OFDM system known as the raise of Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) that is the high peaks of OFDM signals compared to its average power. Increasing the PAPR yields in the component devices of the OFDM system does not cope with the high peaks resulting in distortion and signal losses. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review different approaches of PAPR reduction techniques and compare them to select the best technique for a particular system. The approaches are mainly of three classifications; distortion, probabilistic, and coding schemes with each including several techniques.
{"title":"A review of Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction Schemes in OFDM Systems","authors":"Bana Hassan Shekh Faraj, A. Siddiq","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2022.173410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2022.173410","url":null,"abstract":"DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.32894/kujss. 2022.173410 Abstract This paper is concerned with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system that is adopted by a wireless communication system for transmitting multicarrier modulated signals simultaneously with robustness against interference and noise facing the system. It presents a significant issue related to the OFDM system known as the raise of Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) that is the high peaks of OFDM signals compared to its average power. Increasing the PAPR yields in the component devices of the OFDM system does not cope with the high peaks resulting in distortion and signal losses. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review different approaches of PAPR reduction techniques and compare them to select the best technique for a particular system. The approaches are mainly of three classifications; distortion, probabilistic, and coding schemes with each including several techniques.","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41548292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-11DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2021.169993
Salah Zain Alabdeen, B. Ahmed
DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.32894/kujss. 2021.169993 Abstract The study investigates the effects of pomegranate peel extracts on some virulence factors such as the production of some enzymes produced by Proteus spp isolated from different clinical samples. Among 310 different clinical samples, 48 isolates of proteus were obtained, 14 isolates(29.16%)were obtained from urine, 15 isolates (31.25%) were obtained from stool, 7 isolates (14.58%) from ear swabs, 4 isolates (8.33%) were obtained from wounds, 5 isolates (10.41% (from burns and 3 isolates) 6.25%) of the high cervical. The study showed that from 48 isolates of Proteus spp 25 isolates (52.08%) identified as P.mirabilis, 15 isolates (31.25%)of P. penerri, while 8 isolates of P. vulgaris were obtained with a percentage of (16.66%) and it was found that 18 isolates (72%) of P.mirabilis isolates were positive for the production of beta-lactamase enzyme, 24 isolates (96%) are positive for proteases and 14 isolates (56%) produced lipase, while 13 isolates from P. penerri (86.66%) produced beta-lactamases and proteases and 10 isolates (66.66%) produced lipase, also found that 5 isolates (62.5%) of P. vulgaris produced Beta-lactamase and all the isolates (100%) produced protease while 7 isolates (87.5%) produced lipase. It was found that the hot aqueous extract of pomegranate peels inhibited the production of beta-lactamase enzyme in 4 out of 7 isolates that produced this enzyme, while all tested isolates did not produce lipase by using extracts of pomegranate peel extracts. The isolates lost their ability to produce protease enzyme, except for two isolates that were not affected by extracts of pomegranate peel fruits.
{"title":"Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract on the Production of Some Enzymes in Proteus spp Isolated from Different Clinical Samples in Kirkuk city.","authors":"Salah Zain Alabdeen, B. Ahmed","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2021.169993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2021.169993","url":null,"abstract":"DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.32894/kujss. 2021.169993 Abstract The study investigates the effects of pomegranate peel extracts on some virulence factors such as the production of some enzymes produced by Proteus spp isolated from different clinical samples. Among 310 different clinical samples, 48 isolates of proteus were obtained, 14 isolates(29.16%)were obtained from urine, 15 isolates (31.25%) were obtained from stool, 7 isolates (14.58%) from ear swabs, 4 isolates (8.33%) were obtained from wounds, 5 isolates (10.41% (from burns and 3 isolates) 6.25%) of the high cervical. The study showed that from 48 isolates of Proteus spp 25 isolates (52.08%) identified as P.mirabilis, 15 isolates (31.25%)of P. penerri, while 8 isolates of P. vulgaris were obtained with a percentage of (16.66%) and it was found that 18 isolates (72%) of P.mirabilis isolates were positive for the production of beta-lactamase enzyme, 24 isolates (96%) are positive for proteases and 14 isolates (56%) produced lipase, while 13 isolates from P. penerri (86.66%) produced beta-lactamases and proteases and 10 isolates (66.66%) produced lipase, also found that 5 isolates (62.5%) of P. vulgaris produced Beta-lactamase and all the isolates (100%) produced protease while 7 isolates (87.5%) produced lipase. It was found that the hot aqueous extract of pomegranate peels inhibited the production of beta-lactamase enzyme in 4 out of 7 isolates that produced this enzyme, while all tested isolates did not produce lipase by using extracts of pomegranate peel extracts. The isolates lost their ability to produce protease enzyme, except for two isolates that were not affected by extracts of pomegranate peel fruits.","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45184831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2021.169997
Shaukat Saeed, Abrar Mustafa
DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.32894/kujss. 2021.169997 Abstract In this paper, we use maximum track length (Lmax) approach depending on track diameter-length (D-L) correlation as another way to estimate Vb directly from empirical measurements of the track diameters or lengths without resorting to other methods. The lengths of the tracks have been extracted using the (D-L) correlation which relied on the measurement of the openings diameter of the etched tracks, in addition to using the Track-Test program. 241Am(1μCi) source was used to irradiate the plastic detector CR-39 with alpha particles of energies of 3.5-5.3 MeV by means of normal incidence.The irradiated detectors were treated by a chemical etchant for distinct intervals of time using an aqueous NaOH solution of 6 N preserved at temperature (70±)oC. An empirical formula was applied to calculate Vb. The formula relies on two parameters, the maximum length of the track (Lmax) and its saturation time (tsat). We have seen that the magnitude of Vb is equal to 1.407 (μm/h), which can be regarded as compatible with the values indicated by others using different methods. It has been noticed that the maximum length of the etched tracks is directly proportional to alpha energy while exponentially to saturation time of the length.
{"title":"Maximum Track length Approach for Estimation of Bulk Etch Rate of CR-39 Detector by Means of Track Diameter-Length Correlation","authors":"Shaukat Saeed, Abrar Mustafa","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2021.169997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2021.169997","url":null,"abstract":"DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.32894/kujss. 2021.169997 Abstract In this paper, we use maximum track length (Lmax) approach depending on track diameter-length (D-L) correlation as another way to estimate Vb directly from empirical measurements of the track diameters or lengths without resorting to other methods. The lengths of the tracks have been extracted using the (D-L) correlation which relied on the measurement of the openings diameter of the etched tracks, in addition to using the Track-Test program. 241Am(1μCi) source was used to irradiate the plastic detector CR-39 with alpha particles of energies of 3.5-5.3 MeV by means of normal incidence.The irradiated detectors were treated by a chemical etchant for distinct intervals of time using an aqueous NaOH solution of 6 N preserved at temperature (70±)oC. An empirical formula was applied to calculate Vb. The formula relies on two parameters, the maximum length of the track (Lmax) and its saturation time (tsat). We have seen that the magnitude of Vb is equal to 1.407 (μm/h), which can be regarded as compatible with the values indicated by others using different methods. It has been noticed that the maximum length of the etched tracks is directly proportional to alpha energy while exponentially to saturation time of the length.","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48335285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2021.170001
E. Bakr, W. Zaki, Jawdet Mohammed
DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.32894/kujss. 2021.170001 Abstract The study of the F2-layer properties and the critical frequency( foF2) is necessary to understand the dynamic features and thus more accurately predict the behavior of the F layer,and this research aims to find the relationship (correlation) and interdependence between the critical frequency ( foF2) of Ionospheric layer F2 and Sunspot number. In this study the characteristics and behavior of oF2 layer during Solar cycle 24 were studied, the effect of Sunspots number (Ri) on the critical frequency ( foF2),were investigated for the years (2012, 2013, 2014) which represents the ascending phase and 2014 represent the peak phase of the solar cycle 24 over Kirkuk city (35° N, 44° E) by finding the critical frequency ( foF2) values, the layer’s impression times are determined for the days of solstice as well as equinox,where the solar activity was examined for the days of the winter and summer solstice and the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes for a period of 24 hours by applied the International Reference Ionosphere model IRI (2016). The output data for foF2 were verified by using the IRI-NeQuick option by specifying the time, date and Sunspot number parameters. Statistical analysis was carried out through the application of the Minitab (version 2018) in order to find the correlation between the critical frequency ( foF2) of Ionospheric layer F2 and Sunspot number. It was concluded that the correlation is strong and positive, this indicate that critical frequency ( foF2) increase with increasing Sunspots number (Ri) for solar cycle 24.
{"title":"The Effect of Sunspots Number on Critical frequencies foF2 For the Ionospheric Layer-F2 Over Kirkuk City During the Ascending Phase of Solar Cycle 24","authors":"E. Bakr, W. Zaki, Jawdet Mohammed","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2021.170001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2021.170001","url":null,"abstract":"DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.32894/kujss. 2021.170001 Abstract The study of the F2-layer properties and the critical frequency( foF2) is necessary to understand the dynamic features and thus more accurately predict the behavior of the F layer,and this research aims to find the relationship (correlation) and interdependence between the critical frequency ( foF2) of Ionospheric layer F2 and Sunspot number. In this study the characteristics and behavior of oF2 layer during Solar cycle 24 were studied, the effect of Sunspots number (Ri) on the critical frequency ( foF2),were investigated for the years (2012, 2013, 2014) which represents the ascending phase and 2014 represent the peak phase of the solar cycle 24 over Kirkuk city (35° N, 44° E) by finding the critical frequency ( foF2) values, the layer’s impression times are determined for the days of solstice as well as equinox,where the solar activity was examined for the days of the winter and summer solstice and the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes for a period of 24 hours by applied the International Reference Ionosphere model IRI (2016). The output data for foF2 were verified by using the IRI-NeQuick option by specifying the time, date and Sunspot number parameters. Statistical analysis was carried out through the application of the Minitab (version 2018) in order to find the correlation between the critical frequency ( foF2) of Ionospheric layer F2 and Sunspot number. It was concluded that the correlation is strong and positive, this indicate that critical frequency ( foF2) increase with increasing Sunspots number (Ri) for solar cycle 24.","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2021.168660
S. Amin, K. Faraj
Radiations made up of non-ionizing and ionizing radiations, this classification is based on the ionizing power and the energy of radiations. In developed and developing communities, people are continually exposed to radiations which are generated from variety sources that are naturally occurring or producing by human. The purpose of this study is to review accessible information on the influence of radiation on female fertility and to discuss the options for fertility preservation. Radiation exposure can result in impairment of tissue integrity and sometimes, leading to organs dysfunction, the impact of radiations on organs depends on site of irradiation, patient age and total radiation dose. Female patients who are treated with radiation have an increased rate of uterine dysfunction, ovaries dysfunction, impaired fertility, incidence of pregnancy complications, premature birth and miscarriage. Pre-pubertal uterus is more vulnerable to the effect of radiation, compared with the pubertal uterus due to arising ovarian estrogen production and uterus enlarges. To reduce the effects of radiations on female reproductive organ, fertility preservation procedures such as ovarian transposition, reproductive gland protection and oocyte cryopreservation should be carried out before and/or during radiotherapy.
{"title":"Review: Influence of Radiation on Female Fertility and Pregnancy","authors":"S. Amin, K. Faraj","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2021.168660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2021.168660","url":null,"abstract":"Radiations made up of non-ionizing and ionizing radiations, this classification is based on the ionizing power and the energy of radiations. In developed and developing communities, people are continually exposed to radiations which are generated from variety sources that are naturally occurring or producing by human. The purpose of this study is to review accessible information on the influence of radiation on female fertility and to discuss the options for fertility preservation. Radiation exposure can result in impairment of tissue integrity and sometimes, leading to organs dysfunction, the impact of radiations on organs depends on site of irradiation, patient age and total radiation dose. Female patients who are treated with radiation have an increased rate of uterine dysfunction, ovaries dysfunction, impaired fertility, incidence of pregnancy complications, premature birth and miscarriage. Pre-pubertal uterus is more vulnerable to the effect of radiation, compared with the pubertal uterus due to arising ovarian estrogen production and uterus enlarges. To reduce the effects of radiations on female reproductive organ, fertility preservation procedures such as ovarian transposition, reproductive gland protection and oocyte cryopreservation should be carried out before and/or during radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45660519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.32894/KUJSS.2021.167893
marwa al-mafrgy, Hassan Mohammed, H. AlZahwi
The present work include preparation of some transition metal complexes Cu(II) with Schiff base ligands L1 (benzylideneamino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) L, L2(Z)-4-((2hydroxybenzylidene)amino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) L2 and L3 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-pentane-2,4diylidenebis(azanylylidene))bis(pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) (pdp). The ligands were prepared from condensation reaction of the benzaldehyde, Salicyaldehyde and Acetylacetone with cytosine respectively. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity; magnetic susceptibility measurements, NMR spectroscopy for ligand, electronic and infrared spectroscopy. These complexes were classified into two classes: 1-[CuL1Cl2] , [CuL2Cl2] , [CuL3Cl2] 2-[Cu(L2)2Cl2] , [Cu(L2)2Cl2] , [Cu(L3)2Cl2] Low conductance value showed that all the prepared complexes are non – electrolyte and the magnetic susceptibility measurements, electronic spectroscopy showed that all the prepared complexes of Type (1) have a square planar geometry for copper complexes, the complexes of Type (2) have an octahedral geometry.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Some Copper (II) Complexes with New Schiff Bases Ligands","authors":"marwa al-mafrgy, Hassan Mohammed, H. AlZahwi","doi":"10.32894/KUJSS.2021.167893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/KUJSS.2021.167893","url":null,"abstract":"The present work include preparation of some transition metal complexes Cu(II) with Schiff base ligands L1 (benzylideneamino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) L, L2(Z)-4-((2hydroxybenzylidene)amino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) L2 and L3 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-pentane-2,4diylidenebis(azanylylidene))bis(pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) (pdp). The ligands were prepared from condensation reaction of the benzaldehyde, Salicyaldehyde and Acetylacetone with cytosine respectively. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity; magnetic susceptibility measurements, NMR spectroscopy for ligand, electronic and infrared spectroscopy. These complexes were classified into two classes: 1-[CuL1Cl2] , [CuL2Cl2] , [CuL3Cl2] 2-[Cu(L2)2Cl2] , [Cu(L2)2Cl2] , [Cu(L3)2Cl2] Low conductance value showed that all the prepared complexes are non – electrolyte and the magnetic susceptibility measurements, electronic spectroscopy showed that all the prepared complexes of Type (1) have a square planar geometry for copper complexes, the complexes of Type (2) have an octahedral geometry.","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42540301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.32894/KUJSS.2021.167894
Mohammed Ali Ahmed Alnejm
The positive ground-state band (GSB) of isotones for N = 108 has been calculated using the Interacting Bosons Model (IBM-1), and Interacting Vector Boson Model (IVBM), while the negative-parity band (NPB) of , has been calculated using the (IVBM). rotational challenges, To get to know the characteristics of the nucleus more accurately the relation of the gamma energy over spin ( I E ) as a function of the spin (I) E-GOS was drown, the calculation showed pure rotational characteristic nucleus, While the Pt 186 nuclei have gamma soft O(6) characteristic, When staggering phenomena between (NPB) and (GSB) has been studied, The contour plot show , nucleus did not reach zero value which refer to the constancy of their
{"title":"Characteristics of Energy States and their Calculation Using IBM-1 and IVBM of Isotones 180HF, 182W, 184Os, 186Pt","authors":"Mohammed Ali Ahmed Alnejm","doi":"10.32894/KUJSS.2021.167894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/KUJSS.2021.167894","url":null,"abstract":"The positive ground-state band (GSB) of isotones for N = 108 has been calculated using the Interacting Bosons Model (IBM-1), and Interacting Vector Boson Model (IVBM), while the negative-parity band (NPB) of , has been calculated using the (IVBM). rotational challenges, To get to know the characteristics of the nucleus more accurately the relation of the gamma energy over spin ( I E ) as a function of the spin (I) E-GOS was drown, the calculation showed pure rotational characteristic nucleus, While the Pt 186 nuclei have gamma soft O(6) characteristic, When staggering phenomena between (NPB) and (GSB) has been studied, The contour plot show , nucleus did not reach zero value which refer to the constancy of their","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44828815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2021.167516
I. Hassan, Sufian mohammed mohammed Alezzi
Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising source of clean and renewable energy as an alternative for environment polluting fossil fuel resources. The safe and reasonable volumetric density storage represent the main problem facing the hydrogen technology. Most of the research nowadays are focusing on development of new technologies for solid state storage of hydrogen. At the present study, the adsorption of hydrogen molecule (H2) has been studied on the supercell (3 x 3 x 1) of pure graphene and doped graphene with boron atom and adsorbed with lithium atom by first principle calculations with DFT method. We choice local density approximation (LDA) To describe the exchange-correlation energy between the interacting electrons and the basis set (Double Numerical Plus polarization DNP), the regions of a Brillion zone are set to (2 x 2 x 1). The binding energy of hydrogen molecules adsorbed on the surface of graphene adsorbed by the lithium atom was between (0.2-0.4 eV) and with a storage ratio (6.74 wt.%), Which meets the gravitational capacity standard specified by the energy department, And the binding energy of hydrogen molecules adsorbed on the surface of graphene adsorbed by the lithium atom and doped with the boron atom was between (0.230.32 eV) and with a storage ratio (6.67 wt.%), Thus meeting the standard for the final mass Kirkuk University Journal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS) Volume 15, Issue 4, December 2020 , pp. (19-41) ISSN: 1992-0849 (Print), 2616-6801 (Online) Web Site: www.uokirkuk.edu.iq/kujss E-mail: kujss@uokirkuk.edu.iq, kujss.journal@gmail.com 21 capacity (6.5 wt.%) Specified by the Department of Energy. We conclude that the doping of the boron atom into one of the six graphene rings in the large unit cell (3 × 3 × 1) played a major role in increasing the stability of the graphene surface and reduce the binding energy that contributes to reducing the temperature of the hydrogen desorption process.
氢被认为是最有前途的清洁可再生能源之一，是污染环境的化石燃料资源的替代品。安全合理的体积密度储存是氢气技术面临的主要问题。目前的大多数研究都集中在固态储氢新技术的开发上。本研究采用DFT方法，通过第一性原理计算，研究了氢分子（H2）在纯石墨烯、掺杂硼原子的石墨烯和锂原子的超晶格（3x3x1）上的吸附。我们选择局部密度近似（LDA）来描述相互作用电子和基集（Double Numerical Plus polarization DNP）之间的交换相关能，Brillion区的区域被设置为（2x2x1）。锂原子吸附在石墨烯表面的氢分子的结合能在（0.2-0.4eV）之间，存储率为（6.74wt.%），符合能源部门规定的引力容量标准，并且吸附在被锂原子吸附并掺杂有硼原子的石墨烯表面的氢分子的结合能在（0.230.32eV）和存储比（6.67wt.%）之间，因此符合最终质量的基尔库克大学期刊/科学研究（KUJSS）第15卷第4期2020年12月，pp.（19-41）ISSN:1992-0849（印刷品）的标准，2616-6801（在线）网站：www.uokirkuk.edu.iq/kujss电子邮件：kujss@uokirkuk.edu.iq，kujss.journal@gmail.com21容量（6.5 wt.%）由能源部规定。我们得出结论，在大晶胞（3×3×1）中的六个石墨烯环中的一个环中掺杂硼原子，在提高石墨烯表面的稳定性和降低有助于降低氢解吸过程温度的结合能方面发挥了重要作用。
{"title":"Computational Study of the Effect of Adsorbed Lithium on Solid State Hydrogen Storage Capacity of Pristine and Boron Doped Graphene","authors":"I. Hassan, Sufian mohammed mohammed Alezzi","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2021.167516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2021.167516","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising source of clean and renewable energy as an alternative for environment polluting fossil fuel resources. The safe and reasonable volumetric density storage represent the main problem facing the hydrogen technology. Most of the research nowadays are focusing on development of new technologies for solid state storage of hydrogen. At the present study, the adsorption of hydrogen molecule (H2) has been studied on the supercell (3 x 3 x 1) of pure graphene and doped graphene with boron atom and adsorbed with lithium atom by first principle calculations with DFT method. We choice local density approximation (LDA) To describe the exchange-correlation energy between the interacting electrons and the basis set (Double Numerical Plus polarization DNP), the regions of a Brillion zone are set to (2 x 2 x 1). The binding energy of hydrogen molecules adsorbed on the surface of graphene adsorbed by the lithium atom was between (0.2-0.4 eV) and with a storage ratio (6.74 wt.%), Which meets the gravitational capacity standard specified by the energy department, And the binding energy of hydrogen molecules adsorbed on the surface of graphene adsorbed by the lithium atom and doped with the boron atom was between (0.230.32 eV) and with a storage ratio (6.67 wt.%), Thus meeting the standard for the final mass Kirkuk University Journal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS) Volume 15, Issue 4, December 2020 , pp. (19-41) ISSN: 1992-0849 (Print), 2616-6801 (Online) Web Site: www.uokirkuk.edu.iq/kujss E-mail: kujss@uokirkuk.edu.iq, kujss.journal@gmail.com 21 capacity (6.5 wt.%) Specified by the Department of Energy. We conclude that the doping of the boron atom into one of the six graphene rings in the large unit cell (3 × 3 × 1) played a major role in increasing the stability of the graphene surface and reduce the binding energy that contributes to reducing the temperature of the hydrogen desorption process.","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48063717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2021.168662
Nashwan O. Tapabashi, N. Taha, Marwa N. El-Subeyhi
This work, which can be considered as a complement to our previous studies concerning chemical energy storage systems developing programmed, proposes the synthesis of new azo-Schiff bases derived from 1, 5-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) resulting in an improvement in their absorption spectra. Five new derivatives (An1-An5) were synthesized by gentle fusing of (1 mmol of DAAQ) with (2 mmol) of early prepared azo derivatives of 2hydroxy benzaldyhde. Medium to good yield was recorded on applying this method. Microwave irradiation of the same mixtures led to decomposition of the starting azo materials whereas prolonged reflux in DMSO was unproductive.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Azo-Schiff Bases as Energy Rich Candidate Compounds Derived from 1, 5-Diaminoanthraquinone by Fusion Method","authors":"Nashwan O. Tapabashi, N. Taha, Marwa N. El-Subeyhi","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2021.168662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2021.168662","url":null,"abstract":"This work, which can be considered as a complement to our previous studies concerning chemical energy storage systems developing programmed, proposes the synthesis of new azo-Schiff bases derived from 1, 5-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) resulting in an improvement in their absorption spectra. Five new derivatives (An1-An5) were synthesized by gentle fusing of (1 mmol of DAAQ) with (2 mmol) of early prepared azo derivatives of 2hydroxy benzaldyhde. Medium to good yield was recorded on applying this method. Microwave irradiation of the same mixtures led to decomposition of the starting azo materials whereas prolonged reflux in DMSO was unproductive.","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69438898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2020.167506
Fouad Kamal Tawfeeq Alsumaidaei, H. Mohammed
To enhancement the superconductor structural characteristics, nanoparticles of the Al 2O3 were added to the samples under study. The Samples of high temperature superconductors 1 X (Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+ ) + X(Al2O3) with X= (0-0.9) were prepared by solid state reaction method under hydraulic pressure 8 ton/cm 2 and annealing temperature 800. Electrical properties of the samples showed that Tc increases from 12 6 K to 139 K, and also oxygen content in samples increased with increasing X values from 0 to 0.5, while T c d creased less than 77 K with increasing X at values more than 0.5. In Structural properties, the X -ray diffraction of the samples showed orthorhombic phase wi th a=4.286A, b=5.4184A, c=35.3528A at X=0, while c-value is increased to 35.9848A at X=0.5. AFM results shows that the average grain size of the best sample was 47.67 nm at X=0.5. SEM it showed that there are dark regions related to the heav ier elements, such as Bi and Cu , and light regi ons related to lighter elements , uch as Ba and Ca , depending on atomic weights
{"title":"The Effect of Addition of (Al2O3) Nano Particles on Structural and Electrical Properties of Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10\" +δ\" Superconductors at High Temperature","authors":"Fouad Kamal Tawfeeq Alsumaidaei, H. Mohammed","doi":"10.32894/kujss.2020.167506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2020.167506","url":null,"abstract":"To enhancement the superconductor structural characteristics, nanoparticles of the Al 2O3 were added to the samples under study. The Samples of high temperature superconductors 1 X (Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+ ) + X(Al2O3) with X= (0-0.9) were prepared by solid state reaction method under hydraulic pressure 8 ton/cm 2 and annealing temperature 800. Electrical properties of the samples showed that Tc increases from 12 6 K to 139 K, and also oxygen content in samples increased with increasing X values from 0 to 0.5, while T c d creased less than 77 K with increasing X at values more than 0.5. In Structural properties, the X -ray diffraction of the samples showed orthorhombic phase wi th a=4.286A, b=5.4184A, c=35.3528A at X=0, while c-value is increased to 35.9848A at X=0.5. AFM results shows that the average grain size of the best sample was 47.67 nm at X=0.5. SEM it showed that there are dark regions related to the heav ier elements, such as Bi and Cu , and light regi ons related to lighter elements , uch as Ba and Ca , depending on atomic weights","PeriodicalId":34247,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ jm`@ krkwk ldrst l`lmy@","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46090976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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