{"title":"Cavity Nucleation Study during Quasi-Superplasticity of an Ultralight Coarse-Grained Rolled Mg-7.28Li-2.19Al-0.1Y Alloy","authors":"Cao Furong, Zhou Bijin, Guo Nanpan, Li Jinrui","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125031309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tungsten alloy with addition of rhenium and tantalum was prepared by laser sintering. Microstructure and properties of the samples were tested by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer and microhardness tester. Dense tungsten alloy block materials were prepared by adjusting laser beam power and laser spot scanning speed. The oxidation of powder can be avoided by desorption and deoxygenation pretreatment and inert gas protection. Static recrystallization occurred in the laser sintering process. In the core of the sample, equiaxed grains significantly larger than the powder particles were formed. In the edge of the sample, where the temperature was lower than the core due to heat dissipation, small and immature equiaxed grains whose size was close to the particle size of the powder were formed. The addition of tantalum and rhenium formed a solid solution in tungsten. Because of the effect of solid solution atoms to the lattice, with the increase of the addition of tantalum and rhenium, the density of samples decreased, while the microhardness increased accordingly.
{"title":"Microstructure and Properties of Tungsten Rhenium Alloy Prepared by Laser Sintering","authors":"Jiang Shan","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9260","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten alloy with addition of rhenium and tantalum was prepared by laser sintering. Microstructure and properties of the samples were tested by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer and microhardness tester. Dense tungsten alloy block materials were prepared by adjusting laser beam power and laser spot scanning speed. The oxidation of powder can be avoided by desorption and deoxygenation pretreatment and inert gas protection. Static recrystallization occurred in the laser sintering process. In the core of the sample, equiaxed grains significantly larger than the powder particles were formed. In the edge of the sample, where the temperature was lower than the core due to heat dissipation, small and immature equiaxed grains whose size was close to the particle size of the powder were formed. The addition of tantalum and rhenium formed a solid solution in tungsten. Because of the effect of solid solution atoms to the lattice, with the increase of the addition of tantalum and rhenium, the density of samples decreased, while the microhardness increased accordingly.","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114815399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expansion rate is key parameter to the manufacture of expandable tubular. In this paper, the effects of expansion rate on stress evolution of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel expansion tubular were discussed in detail. A user subroutine UMAT using twin shear stress (TSS) yield criterion is employed to simulate the expanding process. The results show that the predicted residual stresses agree with the experiment very well. The axial expanding stress showed the layered distribution along the thickness direction and the hoop tensile stress is mainly located in the corner of expanded area. With the steady increases of expansion rate, the expanding axial, hoop and TSS stresses are all increased, and the increasing rate is decreased gradually. The residual stresses are tensile in inner surface and compressive in outer surface. Both the hoop and axial stresses are all increased with the increases of expansion rate. The suggested expansion rate should be controlled below 35%.
{"title":"Effects of Expansion Rate on Stress Evolution of TWIP Expandable Tubular Based on TSS Criterion","authors":"Luo Yun, J. Wen-chun, Z. Fan, H. Shengjun","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9259","url":null,"abstract":"Expansion rate is key parameter to the manufacture of expandable tubular. In this paper, the effects of expansion rate on stress evolution of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel expansion tubular were discussed in detail. A user subroutine UMAT using twin shear stress (TSS) yield criterion is employed to simulate the expanding process. The results show that the predicted residual stresses agree with the experiment very well. The axial expanding stress showed the layered distribution along the thickness direction and the hoop tensile stress is mainly located in the corner of expanded area. With the steady increases of expansion rate, the expanding axial, hoop and TSS stresses are all increased, and the increasing rate is decreased gradually. The residual stresses are tensile in inner surface and compressive in outer surface. Both the hoop and axial stresses are all increased with the increases of expansion rate. The suggested expansion rate should be controlled below 35%.","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122342779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A non-heat treatment way was applied to study the effect of the secondary phase on the corrosion of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy in order to exclude the effect of variation of grain size. The area ration of corrosion pits and secondary phase (150 samples) was used to characterize the corrosion degree of secondary phase after Intergranular Corrosion test for a constant period. Then the effect of size and distribution of secondary phase was determined by using the SEMEDS and EPMA equipment, the Electrochemical test and the Image-pro plus software after immersion test. The results show that the corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys is positive related to the size of secondary phase. The sparse or dense phase distribution on and within grain boundary retard the pit initiate and extend along the grain boundary, so it increases the corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy.
{"title":"Effect of the Secondary Phase on the Corrosion of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy","authors":"C. Hui, Zhang Xiaoye, L. Ya","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9258","url":null,"abstract":"A non-heat treatment way was applied to study the effect of the secondary phase on the corrosion of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy in order to exclude the effect of variation of grain size. The area ration of corrosion pits and secondary phase (150 samples) was used to characterize the corrosion degree of secondary phase after Intergranular Corrosion test for a constant period. Then the effect of size and distribution of secondary phase was determined by using the SEMEDS and EPMA equipment, the Electrochemical test and the Image-pro plus software after immersion test. The results show that the corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys is positive related to the size of secondary phase. The sparse or dense phase distribution on and within grain boundary retard the pit initiate and extend along the grain boundary, so it increases the corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy.","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126940770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NiTi alloys have good shape memory properties that adding alloying elements such as Cu can help to have smaller temperature hysteresis, better thermoelasticity, smaller superelastic hysteresis, higher damping capacity, and superior fatigue properties. The present work addresses functional mechanical properties of 50 wt.% Ni-42.5 wt.% Ti-7.5 wt.%. We study how aging heat treatment affects the alloy microstructure and mechanical properties. The results exhibit that increasing the aging temperature tend to increase the size of precipitation due to high diffusion in high temperature. The evaluation of mechanical properties reveals that the samples that aged in high temperature has lower fracture strength while these samples shows higher fracture strain. Aging time also has an effect on properties where by increasing the time, the size and amount of precipitations increase due to sufficient time for diffusion. By increasing the time, the fracture strength increase until a critical point and after that the fracture strength reduces.
{"title":"Effect of Aging Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 50 wt.% Ni-42.5 wt.% Ti-7.5 wt.% Cu Shape Memory Alloy","authors":"Omrani Emad, Shokuhfar Ali","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9234","url":null,"abstract":"NiTi alloys have good shape memory properties that adding alloying elements such as Cu can help to have smaller temperature hysteresis, better thermoelasticity, smaller superelastic hysteresis, higher damping capacity, and superior fatigue properties. The present work addresses functional mechanical properties of 50 wt.% Ni-42.5 wt.% Ti-7.5 wt.%. We study how aging heat treatment affects the alloy microstructure and mechanical properties. The results exhibit that increasing the aging temperature tend to increase the size of precipitation due to high diffusion in high temperature. The evaluation of mechanical properties reveals that the samples that aged in high temperature has lower fracture strength while these samples shows higher fracture strain. Aging time also has an effect on properties where by increasing the time, the size and amount of precipitations increase due to sufficient time for diffusion. By increasing the time, the fracture strength increase until a critical point and after that the fracture strength reduces.","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130530120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanadis tool steels which are trademarks of the Uddeholm AB Company are high vanadium content (along with chromium and molybdenum) steels with unique mechanical properties such as very high wear resistance along with a good machinability, dimensional stability and grindability. They are widely used in blanking operations, stamping, deep drawing, cutting and slitting blades. Microstructural features of Vanadis steels are directly depended upon the distribution of different carbide phases. In this study, the effects of laser hardening on the Vanadis 4 extra and Vanadis 10 grade tool steels are investigated. Following the laser hardening route on the samples, abrasive wear behaviour, microstructural changes and microhardness values were determined. Wear test results and microhardness data are correlated with the resulting microstructural features. It was found that the increase in microhardness and thus wear resistance is attributed to the finer grain size for both of the Vanadis 4 extra and Vanadis 10 grades. The results were also compared with the same Vanadis grade samples which were hardened using heat treatment processes. It is found that there is a considerable increase in the microhardness values for the Vanadis 10 samples. The data shows 100.6% increase in the laser treated samples compared to the heat treated Vanadis 10 samples. Only a very slight increase (about 4%) of the microhardness value for the laser treated Vanadis 4 extra was recorded.
{"title":"Effects of Laser Hardening Treatment on the Wear Properties of the Vanadis 4 Extra and Vanadis 10 Tool Steels","authors":"Baykara Tarik, Keskin Nazan","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9229","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadis tool steels which are trademarks of the Uddeholm AB Company are high vanadium content (along with chromium and molybdenum) steels with unique mechanical properties such as very high wear resistance along with a good machinability, dimensional stability and grindability. They are widely used in blanking operations, stamping, deep drawing, cutting and slitting blades. Microstructural features of Vanadis steels are directly depended upon the distribution of different carbide phases. In this study, the effects of laser hardening on the Vanadis 4 extra and Vanadis 10 grade tool steels are investigated. Following the laser hardening route on the samples, abrasive wear behaviour, microstructural changes and microhardness values were determined. Wear test results and microhardness data are correlated with the resulting microstructural features. It was found that the increase in microhardness and thus wear resistance is attributed to the finer grain size for both of the Vanadis 4 extra and Vanadis 10 grades. The results were also compared with the same Vanadis grade samples which were hardened using heat treatment processes. It is found that there is a considerable increase in the microhardness values for the Vanadis 10 samples. The data shows 100.6% increase in the laser treated samples compared to the heat treated Vanadis 10 samples. Only a very slight increase (about 4%) of the microhardness value for the laser treated Vanadis 4 extra was recorded.","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134603638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Yong, Liu Yimin, Lou Jia, He Hao, Hu Youhua, Z. Xiang
The effects of different sintering atmospheres (nitrogen and argon) on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of HK30 stainless steel were studied. Compared with those of the samples sintered in Ar, sintered samples in N2 had a lower density and higher N content. Some of the N atoms dissolved into the austenite matrix, and others were combined with metal atoms to be precipitated along the grain boundaries. Samples sintered in N2 had a higher hardness than those in Ar. The hardness decreased with the distance from the edge to the center. The highest hardness was 360 HV1.0 at the edge, the lowest one was 220 HV1.0 at the center. The samples sintered in N2 had a higher tensile strength than those sintered in Ar at testing temperatures from room temperature to 1000 °C.
{"title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Injection Molding HK30 Stainless Steel Sintered in N2 and Ar Atmosphere","authors":"Yu Yong, Liu Yimin, Lou Jia, He Hao, Hu Youhua, Z. Xiang","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9230","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of different sintering atmospheres (nitrogen and argon) on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of HK30 stainless steel were studied. Compared with those of the samples sintered in Ar, sintered samples in N2 had a lower density and higher N content. Some of the N atoms dissolved into the austenite matrix, and others were combined with metal atoms to be precipitated along the grain boundaries. Samples sintered in N2 had a higher hardness than those in Ar. The hardness decreased with the distance from the edge to the center. The highest hardness was 360 HV1.0 at the edge, the lowest one was 220 HV1.0 at the center. The samples sintered in N2 had a higher tensile strength than those sintered in Ar at testing temperatures from room temperature to 1000 °C.","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115867862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Shot Size in Surface Improvement via Shot Peening; Analytical, Modeling and Experimental Approaches","authors":"Y. Prawoto, PG Mazein, A. Kosterin, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134174814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Aspects of Variable Amplitude Fatigue","authors":"A. Gwider, N. Ranganathan","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121491493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Li, Jiqiang Wu, Shijing Lu, B. Miao, W. Cai, Jing Hu
Nitrogen-containing stainless steel was prepared by a novel combination of plasma nitriding and solid solution. The performance of the treated samples was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-hardness test and electrochemical polarization. The results showed that a thick nitrogen-containing layer composed of nitrogen expanded austenite (γN) layer was obtained by the novel technology, and the corresponding γN peaks appeared at lower angles comparing with those of the untreated sample. Meanwhile, both the microhardness and corrosion resistance were enhanced in comparison with those of the untreated sample.
{"title":"Preparation and Performance of Nitrogen-containing Stainless Steel","authors":"Dong Li, Jiqiang Wu, Shijing Lu, B. Miao, W. Cai, Jing Hu","doi":"10.35840/2631-5076/9231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5076/9231","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen-containing stainless steel was prepared by a novel combination of plasma nitriding and solid solution. The performance of the treated samples was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-hardness test and electrochemical polarization. The results showed that a thick nitrogen-containing layer composed of nitrogen expanded austenite (γN) layer was obtained by the novel technology, and the corresponding γN peaks appeared at lower angles comparing with those of the untreated sample. Meanwhile, both the microhardness and corrosion resistance were enhanced in comparison with those of the untreated sample.","PeriodicalId":342629,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metallurgy and Metal Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134455539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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