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Efficient Modeling of Interest Forwarding in Information Centric Vehicular Networks 以信息为中心的车载网络中兴趣转发的高效建模
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3487245
Surya Samantha Beri;Nitul Dutta
Vehicular networks (V-Nets) of the current era is widely used for information sharing and entertainment. Considering the popularity and demand for faster data communications, V-Nets are evolving towards an information-centric approach, namely the Information Centric Vehicular Networks (ICVN). In ICVN, nodes such as vehicles, roadside units, pedestrian devices, and sensors, generate interest packets and forward them to appropriate cache stores to retrieve desired data. Hence, an efficient interest forwarding algorithm in ICVN considerably enhances the content retrieval performance and make supports road safety, traffic management, environmental monitoring in real-vehicular environment. However, designing such efficient scheme is critical due to the involvement of various communication scenarios like vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-roadside unit (V2R), vehicle-to-in-vehicle sensors (V2S), vehicle-to-mobile infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-personal device (V2P) and it demands a comprehensive and connected vehicular network. In this paper, we propose an interest forwarding scheme for ICVN with the above said realistic scenario. The interest forwarding process is governed by the Secretary Selection Problem (SSP) which guides a vehicular node to select the next level forwarder for locating the desired content. The goal is to select the best neighboring vehicle as the next forwarder thereby maximizing the chances of obtaining the requested data. The proposed scheme, named as Selection Based Interest Forwarding (SBIF) which uses Secretary Selection Problem (SSP) for governing the forward process to select the next level forwarder for locating the desired content. This scheme is analyzed mathematically and implemented in $ndn$ simulator. Performance is compared with existing state of the art schemes and observation shows that SBIF outperforms existing approaches considered for comparison.
当今时代,车载网络(V-Nets)被广泛用于信息共享和娱乐。考虑到数据通信的普及和对更快数据通信的需求,车载网络正朝着以信息为中心的方向发展,即以信息为中心的车载网络(ICVN)。在 ICVN 中,车辆、路边装置、行人设备和传感器等节点会生成兴趣数据包,并将其转发到适当的缓存存储区,以检索所需的数据。因此,在 ICVN 中采用高效的兴趣转发算法可大大提高内容检索性能,并为实际车辆环境中的道路安全、交通管理和环境监测提供支持。然而,由于涉及各种通信场景,如车对车(V2V)、车对路边装置(V2R)、车对车载传感器(V2S)、车对移动基础设施(V2I)和车对个人设备(V2P),设计这种高效的方案至关重要,它需要一个全面的互联车载网络。本文针对上述现实场景,提出了 ICVN 的兴趣转发方案。兴趣转发过程受秘书选择问题(Secretary Selection Problem,SSP)的控制,该问题指导车辆节点选择下一级转发器来定位所需的内容。目标是选择最佳的邻近车辆作为下一级转发器,从而最大限度地提高获取所需数据的机会。所提出的方案被命名为 "基于选择的兴趣转发(SBIF)",它使用秘书选择问题(SSP)来管理转发过程,以选择下一级转发器来定位所需的内容。对该方案进行了数学分析,并在 $ndn$ 模拟器中实施。将其性能与现有的先进方案进行了比较,观察结果表明,SBIF 优于作为比较对象的现有方法。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Twin-Empowered Green Mobility Management in Next-Gen Transportation Networks 下一代交通网络中由数字孪生驱动的绿色交通管理
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3484956
Kubra Duran;Lal Verda Cakir;Achille Fonzone;Trung Q. Duong;Berk Canberk
Evolving transportation networks need seamless integration and effective infrastructure utilisation to form the next-generation transportation networks. Also, they should be capable of capturing the traffic flow data at the right time and promptly applying sustainable actions toward emission reduction. However, traditional transportation networks cannot handle right-time updates and act upon the requirements in dynamic conditions. Here, Digital Twin (DT) enables the development of enhanced transportation management via robust modelling and intelligence capabilities. Therefore, we propose a DT-empowered Eco-Regulation (DTER) framework with a novel twinning approach. We define a transport-specific twin sampling rate to catch right-time data in a transportation network. Besides, we perform emission prediction using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), and BANE embeddings. We perform Laplacian matrix analysis to cluster the risk zones regarding the emissions. Thereafter, we recommend actions by setting the number of vehicle limits of junctions for high-emission areas according to the outputs of Q-learning. In summary, DTER takes control of the emission with its transport-specific twin sampling rate and automated management of transportation actions by considering the emission predictions. We note DTER achieves 19% more successful right-time data capturing, with 30% reduced query time. Moreover, our hybrid implementation of intelligent algorithms for emission prediction resulted in higher accuracy when compared to baselines. Lastly, the autonomous recommendations of DTER achieved $sim$ 20% decrease in emissions by presenting an effective carbon tracing framework.
不断发展的交通网络需要无缝集成和有效利用基础设施,以形成下一代交通网络。此外,交通网络还应能够适时捕捉交通流数据,并及时采取可持续减排措施。然而,传统的交通网络无法处理实时更新,也无法根据动态条件下的要求采取行动。在此,数字孪生(DT)可通过强大的建模和智能功能来加强交通管理。因此,我们采用一种新颖的结对方法,提出了一个由 DT 驱动的生态监管(DTER)框架。我们定义了特定运输工具的孪生采样率,以捕捉运输网络中的适时数据。此外,我们还使用多层感知器(MLP)、双向长短期记忆(Bi-LSTM)和 BANE 嵌入进行排放预测。我们通过拉普拉斯矩阵分析对排放风险区域进行聚类。之后,我们会根据 Q-learning 的输出结果,通过设置高排放区域路口的车辆限行数量来提出行动建议。总之,DTER 利用其针对特定交通的双采样率控制排放,并通过考虑排放预测自动管理交通行动。我们注意到,DTER 的适时数据捕获成功率提高了 19%,查询时间缩短了 30%。此外,与基线相比,我们对排放预测智能算法的混合实施提高了准确性。最后,通过提供有效的碳追踪框架,DTER 的自主建议实现了 20% 的减排。
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引用次数: 0
Fairness-Aware Utility Maximization for Multi-UAV-Aided Terrestrial Networks 多无人机辅助地面网络的公平意识效用最大化
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3477268
Nishant Gupta;Satyam Agarwal;Aymen Fakhreddine
Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with terrestrial networks can enable high-speed communication in various applications. UAVs can serve as aerial base stations (ABSs), offering several benefits to the existing terrestrial networks, such as enhanced coverage, increased capacity, rapid deployment, and mobile communication support. However, this integration presents various technical challenges, including coordination, interference management, and dynamic allocation of resources. To address these key challenges, in this paper, we maximize the network utility by jointly optimizing the scheduling and cell association, transmit power of all base stations, and ABS deployment locations in the presence of co-channel interference. A two-stage approach is proposed to obtain a solution. In the first stage, we propose a heuristic solution by using the clustering algorithm to determine the initial ABS locations and user scheduling while ignoring the co-channel interference. In the second stage, we utilize the solution obtained in the first part and develop an interference-aware iterative scheme to jointly optimize user scheduling, resource allocation, and ABS placement. Given the non-convex nature of this problem, we employ the successive convex approximation technique to approximate the non-convex objectives and constraints. Numerical results show the proposed approach's insights and effectiveness over other schemes. Specifically, our proposed approach provides an average of 25% improvement over the benchmark schemes.
将无人飞行器(UAV)与地面网络相结合,可以在各种应用中实现高速通信。无人飞行器可作为空中基站(ABS),为现有地面网络提供多种优势,如增强覆盖、提高容量、快速部署和移动通信支持。然而,这种整合带来了各种技术挑战,包括协调、干扰管理和资源的动态分配。为了应对这些关键挑战,本文通过联合优化调度和小区关联、所有基站的发射功率以及共信道干扰情况下的 ABS 部署位置,实现网络效用的最大化。本文提出了一种分两个阶段的解决方案。在第一阶段,我们提出了一种启发式解决方案,利用聚类算法确定初始 ABS 位置和用户调度,同时忽略同频干扰。在第二阶段,我们利用第一部分获得的解决方案,开发了一种干扰感知迭代方案,以联合优化用户调度、资源分配和 ABS 位置。鉴于该问题的非凸性质,我们采用了连续凸近似技术来近似非凸目标和约束条件。数值结果表明,与其他方案相比,我们提出的方法具有独到的见解和有效性。具体来说,我们提出的方法比基准方案平均提高了 25%。
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引用次数: 0
LiFi for Industry 4.0: Main Features, Implementation and Initial Testing of IEEE Std 802.15.13 工业 4.0 的 LiFi:IEEE 802.15.13 标准的主要功能、实施和初步测试
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3481884
Kai Lennert Bober;Anselm Ebmeyer;Falko Dressler;Ronald Freund;Volker Jungnickel
As industrial communication continues to evolve to increase flexibility through wireless communication, networked optical wireless communication (OWC), also known as LiFi, has emerged as a promising candidate technology due to its unlicensed spectrum and relatively deterministic propagation. The inherent containment of light improves security, enables dense cellular networks with spatial reuse, and results in reduced sporadic interference while providing high-capacity short range communication links to mobile end devices. This paper outlines the features of the new IEEE Std 802.15.13-2013, suitable for industrial OWC, and presents details of our prototype implementation along with initial experiments. The standard specifies deterministic medium access control (MAC), based on dynamic time division multiple access (TDMA), as well as two physical layers (PHYs) for extended range and robustness, and for spectral efficiency, respectively. Our prototype includes a central coordinator, implemented entirely in software, running on commodity server hardware. It connects to distributed ceiling-mounted optical wireless frontends via a packet-switched network (Ethernet) and is capable of forming them into adaptive virtual cells on a per-user basis. This approach enhances reliability through multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission and allows for smooth mobility. We implemented the Pulsed Modulation PHY (PM-PHY) on a commercially available field programmable gate array (FPGA) evaluation board. Initial test results indicate that the PM-PHY supports typical distances of up to 6 m between the ceiling and the mobile device. The MAC achieves deterministic latency values below 4 ms.
随着工业通信的不断发展,无线通信的灵活性不断提高,网络光无线通信(OWC)(又称 LiFi)因其未授权频谱和相对确定的传播方式而成为一种前景广阔的候选技术。光的固有封闭性提高了安全性,实现了空间重用的密集蜂窝网络,减少了零星干扰,同时为移动终端设备提供了大容量短距离通信链路。本文概述了适用于工业 OWC 的新 IEEE 标准 802.15.13-2013 的特点,并介绍了我们的原型实施细节和初步实验。该标准规定了基于动态时分多址 (TDMA) 的确定性介质访问控制 (MAC),以及两个物理层 (PHY),分别用于扩展范围和鲁棒性,以及提高频谱效率。我们的原型包括一个中央协调器,完全由软件实现,在商品服务器硬件上运行。它通过分组交换网络(以太网)连接到分布式天花板安装的光无线前端,并能按用户将它们组成自适应虚拟小区。这种方法通过多输入多输出(MIMO)传输提高了可靠性,并允许平滑移动。我们在商用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)评估板上实现了脉冲调制物理层(PM-PHY)。初步测试结果表明,PM-PHY 支持天花板与移动设备之间长达 6 米的典型距离。MAC 的确定性延迟值低于 4 毫秒。
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引用次数: 0
Partial Learning-Based Iterative Detection of MIMO Systems 基于部分学习的多输入多输出系统迭代检测
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3482008
Abdulaziz Babulghum;Chao Xu;Soon Xin Ng;Mohammed El-Hajjar
One of the major challenges in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system design is the salient trade-off between performance and computational complexity. For instance, the maximum likelihood (Max-L) detection is capable of achieving optimal performance based on exhaustive search, but its exponential computational complexity renders it impractical. By contrast, zero-forcing detection has low computational complexity, while having significantly worse performance compared to that of the Max-L. The recent developments in deep learning (DL) based detection techniques relying on back propagation neural networks (BPNN) constitute promising candidates for the open challenge of the MIMO detection performance versus complexity trade-off. Against this background, in this paper, we propose a novel partial learning (PL) model for MIMO detection with soft-bit decisions that can be incorporated into channel-coded communication systems. More explicitly, the proposed PL model consists of two parts: first, a subset of the transmitted MIMO symbols is detected by the data-driven DL technique and then the detected symbols are removed from the received MIMO signals for the sake of interference cancellation. Afterwards, the classic model-based zero-forcing detector is invoked to detect the remaining symbols at a linear complexity. As a result, near-optimal MIMO performance can be achieved with substantially reduced computational complexity compared to Max-L and BPNN. The proposed solution is adapted to both accept and produce soft information, so that iterative detection can be performed, where the iteration gain is analyzed by extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed partial learning-based iterative detection is capable of attaining near-Max-L performance while attaining a flexible performance versus complexity trade-off.
多输入多输出(MIMO)系统设计的主要挑战之一是性能与计算复杂度之间的突出权衡。例如,最大似然(Max-L)检测能够在穷举搜索的基础上实现最佳性能,但其指数级的计算复杂度使其不切实际。相比之下,零强迫检测的计算复杂度较低,但性能却比 Max-L 差很多。基于反向传播神经网络(BPNN)的深度学习(DL)检测技术的最新发展,为解决 MIMO 检测性能与复杂性权衡这一难题带来了希望。在此背景下,我们在本文中提出了一种新颖的部分学习(PL)模型,用于可纳入信道编码通信系统的具有软位决策的 MIMO 检测。更明确地说,所提出的 PL 模型由两部分组成:首先,通过数据驱动的 DL 技术检测传输的 MIMO 符号子集,然后为了消除干扰,从接收的 MIMO 信号中去除检测到的符号。之后,再使用基于模型的经典零干扰检测器,以线性复杂度检测剩余的符号。因此,与 Max-L 和 BPNN 相比,在大幅降低计算复杂度的同时,还能实现近乎最佳的 MIMO 性能。所提出的解决方案既能接受软信息,也能产生软信息,因此可以进行迭代检测,迭代增益通过外在信息传输(EXIT)图进行分析。我们的仿真结果表明,所提出的基于部分学习的迭代检测能够达到接近 Max-L 的性能,同时实现灵活的性能与复杂性权衡。
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引用次数: 0
Decentralized and Asymmetric Multi-Agent Learning in Construction Sites 建筑工地上的分散和非对称多代理学习
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3479927
Yakov Miron;Dan Navon;Yuval Goldfracht;Dotan Di Castro;Itzik Klein
Multi-agent collaboration involves multiple participants working together in a shared environment to achieve a common goal. These agents share information, divide tasks, and synchronize their actions. Key aspects of multi-agent collaboration include coordination, communication, task allocation, cooperation, adaptation, and decentralization. On construction sites, surface grading is the process of leveling sand piles to increase a specific area's height. There, a bulldozer grades while a dumper allocates sand piles. Our work aims to utilize a multi-agent approach to enable these vehicles to collaborate effectively. To this end, we propose a decentralized and asymmetric multi-agent learning approach for construction sites (DAMALCS). We formulate DAMALCS to reduce expected collisions for operating vehicles. Therefore, we develop two heuristic experts capable of achieving their joint goal optimally, by applying an innovative prioritization method. In this approach, the bulldozer's movements take precedence over the dumper's operations. This enables the dozer to clear the path for the dumper and ensure continuous operation of both vehicles. As heuristics alone are insufficient in real-world scenarios, we utilize them to train AI agents, which proves to be highly effective. We simultaneously train dozer and dumper agents to operate within the same environment, aiming to avoid collisions and optimizing performance in terms of time efficiency and sand volume handling. Our trained agents and heuristics are evaluated in both simulation and real-world lab experiments, testing them under various conditions such as visual noise and localization errors. The results demonstrate that our approach significantly reduces collision rates for these vehicles.
多代理协作涉及多个参与者在共享环境中共同工作,以实现共同目标。这些代理共享信息、分工合作并同步行动。多代理协作的主要方面包括协调、沟通、任务分配、合作、适应和分散。在建筑工地上,地表平整是平整沙堆以增加特定区域高度的过程。在这里,推土机负责平整,而翻斗车则负责分配沙堆。我们的工作旨在利用多代理方法使这些车辆有效协作。为此,我们提出了一种用于建筑工地的分散式非对称多代理学习方法(DAMALCS)。我们制定 DAMALCS 的目的是减少作业车辆的预期碰撞。因此,我们开发了两个启发式专家,通过应用创新的优先级排序方法,能够以最佳方式实现它们的共同目标。在这种方法中,推土机的行动优先于翻斗车的行动。这样,推土机就能为翻斗车开辟道路,并确保两辆车的连续运行。在实际应用中,仅靠启发式方法是不够的,因此我们利用启发式方法来训练人工智能代理,事实证明这种方法非常有效。我们同时训练推土机和翻斗车代理在同一环境中运行,目的是避免碰撞,并在时间效率和沙量处理方面优化性能。我们在模拟和实际实验室实验中对训练有素的代理和启发式方法进行了评估,在视觉噪音和定位误差等各种条件下对其进行了测试。结果表明,我们的方法大大降低了这些车辆的碰撞率。
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引用次数: 0
Software-Defined Radio Deployments in UAV-Driven Applications: A Comprehensive Review 无人机应用中的软件定义无线电部署:全面回顾
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3477937
Emmanouel T. Michailidis;Konstantinos Maliatsos;Demosthenes Vouyioukas
During the last few years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have increasingly become primary components of various critical civilian and military applications. As technology rapidly evolves, particularly in the realm of Software-Defined Radio (SDR) and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), advanced communication protocols and signal processing methods are expected to emerge within UAV-based systems. Crucially, UAVs are expected to capitalize on SDR to enhance communication, sensing, data processing, and defense mechanisms. With this perspective in mind, this paper provides a comprehensive up-to-date review of the integration of SDR technology in UAV-based systems, encompassing the latest techniques, methodologies, and challenges. Specifically, this paper examines case studies and real-world implementations of SDR-assisted UAV-based systems across various domains, including communication, security, detection, classification, and localization, elucidating their efficacy, constraints, and areas for potential improvement. Through this review, valuable insights are offered to researchers, engineers, and practitioners interested in harnessing the synergies between SDR and UAV technologies to address the evolving requirements of contemporary applications and pave the path for future innovations in the field.
在过去几年中,无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)日益成为各种关键民用和军事应用的主要组成部分。随着技术的快速发展,特别是在软件定义无线电(SDR)和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)领域,基于无人机的系统有望出现先进的通信协议和信号处理方法。最重要的是,无人机有望利用 SDR 增强通信、传感、数据处理和防御机制。从这个角度出发,本文对基于无人机系统的 SDR 技术集成进行了全面的最新回顾,包括最新的技术、方法和挑战。具体而言,本文研究了基于 SDR 的无人机系统在通信、安全、探测、分类和定位等不同领域的案例研究和实际应用,阐明了其功效、限制因素和潜在改进领域。通过这篇综述,为有兴趣利用 SDR 与无人机技术之间的协同作用来满足当代应用不断变化的要求并为该领域的未来创新铺平道路的研究人员、工程师和从业人员提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Game Theoretical Approaches for Optimizing Multi-Carrier Half-Duplex Successive Relaying Based Cooperative NOMA 优化基于合作 NOMA 的多载波半双工连续中继的博弈论方法
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3474518
H. Horler;B. Rastegari;S. X. Ng
In this work, a novel power auctioneers network is proposed to allow the sharing of resources from Edge Users in exchange for performance gains using either the Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (C-NOMA) or Half-Duplex Successive Relaying based C-NOMA protocol. The latter is presented as a novel method of using two relays in C-NOMA through successive relaying to overcome the multiplexing loss in traditional C-NOMA of the far user. This system exploits two matching-based algorithms based on game theory, namely Conventional Distributed Algorithm (CDA) and Pragmatic Distributed Algorithm (PDA), to handle the challenge of user pairing and power allocation in multi-carrier networks. These approaches use distributed methods to perform tasks on user devices to remove the strain on the base station's resources. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the addition of these games to a wireless network provides a significant performance gain compared to traditional orthogonal multiple access methods, unoptimised C-NOMA, and the Distributed Matching Algorithm. Specifically, the cooperative game of PDA is shown to perform better in several scenarios, including when the subcarrier assignment was fixed and when EUs could occupy multiple subcarriers to enhance their throughput.
本研究提出了一种新颖的功率拍卖网络,允许使用基于合作非正交多址接入(C-NOMA)或半双工连续中继的 C-NOMA 协议共享边缘用户的资源,以换取性能提升。后者是一种在 C-NOMA 中通过连续中继使用两个中继器来克服远端用户在传统 C-NOMA 中的复用损耗的新方法。该系统利用两种基于博弈论的匹配算法,即传统分布式算法(CDA)和实用分布式算法(PDA),来应对多载波网络中用户配对和功率分配的挑战。这些方法使用分布式方法在用户设备上执行任务,以消除对基站资源的压力。蒙特卡罗模拟证明,与传统的正交多址接入方法、未优化的 C-NOMA 和分布式匹配算法相比,在无线网络中加入这些游戏能显著提高性能。具体来说,PDA 的合作博弈在几种情况下表现更好,包括当子载波分配固定时,以及当欧盟可以占用多个子载波以提高吞吐量时。
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引用次数: 0
Bidirectional Charging Hubs in the Electric Vehicle Retail Landscape: Opportunities and Challenges for the U.K. Case 电动汽车零售业中的双向充电枢纽:英国案例的机遇与挑战
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3474426
I. Safak Bayram;Xiang Shi
In light of governmental policies phasing out petrol/diesel car sales, the vehicle retail sector is transforming to focus solely on electric vehicles (EVs). Given their available physical space and access to a high volume of EVs, future vehicle retailers are ideally positioned to operate as bidirectional charging hubs. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities this presents for EV retailers. Current EV battery technology is examined, including degradation mechanisms associated with grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-everything applications. Next, bidirectional chargers and relevant industry protocols are analyzed in detail. The U.K. energy market's ancillary services are also investigated, with a focus on the specific performance requirements of different market types. Leveraging publicly available datasets from six mainstream EV models, the suitability of various EV fleets for each market is assessed. Finally, recent V2G projects are analyzed, and the broader societal implications of bidirectional charging hubs are discussed.
鉴于政府逐步淘汰汽油/柴油汽车销售的政策,汽车零售业正在转型,将重点完全放在电动汽车(EV)上。考虑到可用的物理空间和大量电动汽车的使用,未来的汽车零售商将成为理想的双向充电枢纽。本文探讨了这给电动汽车零售商带来的挑战和机遇。本文研究了当前的电动汽车电池技术,包括与 "电网到汽车 "和 "汽车到一切 "应用相关的衰减机制。接着,详细分析了双向充电器和相关行业协议。此外,还研究了英国能源市场的辅助服务,重点关注不同市场类型的具体性能要求。利用六种主流电动车型的公开数据集,评估了各种电动车队对每个市场的适用性。最后,分析了最近的 V2G 项目,并讨论了双向充电枢纽的广泛社会影响。
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引用次数: 0
Preamble Arbitration Rule and Interference Suppression-Based Polling Medium Access Control for In-Vehicle Ultra-Wideband Networks 车载超宽带网络的前导码仲裁规则和基于干扰抑制的轮询介质访问控制
IF 5.3 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1109/OJVT.2024.3474430
Makoto Okuhara;Nobuyuki Kurioka;Shigeki Mitoh;Patrick Finnerty;Chikara Ohta
This paper introduces a preamble arbitration rule and interference suppression (PARIS) method for ultra-wideband (UWB) in-vehicle networks. Advancements in the automotive technology have led to increased reliance on wire harnesses, resulting in higher costs, electronic integration challenges, and adverse environmental effects. To address these problems, we explored the use of UWB wireless networks, which are characterized by low transmission power and superior signal penetration capabilities. A significant challenge associated with implementing UWB in automotive environments is the increased frame error rate (FER) caused by UWB interference. Our experiments indicate that vehicles equipped with identical UWB networks exhibit an FER of approximately 6% when positioned closely. This level of FER is problematic for automotive applications, where reliable communication is paramount. To mitigate this problem, we developed an PARIS communication algorithm that is robust against interference. As identified in this study, PARIS leverages two key characteristics of UWB. First, it prioritizes the timing of signal reception over radio signal power, enhancing interference suppression by activating the receiver at the optimal moment before the desired frame arrives, thereby minimizing data loss. Second, the algorithm exploits the hierarchical nature of preamble codes in simultaneously received frames, reducing data loss rate to the order of $10^{-5}$ by prioritizing frames from critical communication devices based on the preamble code hierarchy. Implementing the UWB-based PARIS method in wireless vehicle networks can reduce the weight of the wire harnesses by approximately 20%, offering a promising solution to the challenges posed by traditional wiring systems.
本文介绍了一种用于超宽带(UWB)车载网络的前导码仲裁规则和干扰抑制(PARIS)方法。汽车技术的进步使人们越来越依赖线束,导致成本上升、电子集成难题和不利的环境影响。为了解决这些问题,我们探索使用 UWB 无线网络,其特点是传输功率低、信号穿透能力强。在汽车环境中实施 UWB 的一个重大挑战是 UWB 干扰导致的帧误码率(FER)增加。我们的实验表明,配备相同 UWB 网络的车辆在紧密定位时,FER 约为 6%。对于通信可靠性至关重要的汽车应用来说,这种水平的 FER 是个问题。为了缓解这一问题,我们开发了一种具有抗干扰能力的 PARIS 通信算法。正如本研究中所确定的,PARIS 利用了 UWB 的两个关键特性。首先,它优先考虑信号接收时间而不是无线电信号功率,通过在所需帧到达前的最佳时机启动接收器来增强干扰抑制能力,从而最大限度地减少数据丢失。其次,该算法利用了同时接收的帧中前导码的层次性,通过根据前导码层次对来自关键通信设备的帧进行优先级排序,将数据丢失率降低到 10^{-5}$ 的数量级。在无线车载网络中实施基于 UWB 的 PARIS 方法,可将线束重量减轻约 20%,为应对传统布线系统带来的挑战提供了一个前景广阔的解决方案。
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IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology
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