Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.1
A. Baruk, Anna Goliszek
The article is theoretical and empirical in nature. The theoretical part provides a cognitive and critical analysis of the world literature. According to the approach presented in this part, valuable natural areas are ‘system marketing products’ which should be co-created by purchasers. The research aim of the article is to identify the significance assigned by tourists to various characteristics of valuable natural areas and group the tourists based on this. Three research questions were formed. In order to answer them, primary research was conducted by means of a questionnaire. The results were statistically analysed using the method of averaging and factor analysis. The results indicate that the relatively highest significance from the 25 elements of valuable natural areas evaluated was assigned to cleanliness and food. Untypical elements (e.g. ‘photographic safari’) were the least significant. Respondents were assigned to six groups linked to various types of activities. This points to the necessity to adapt elements of the product, i.e. a valuable natural area, to the various expectations of the purchasers.
{"title":"A VALUABLE NATURAL AREA AS A SYSTEM MARKETING PRODUCT VERSUS EXPECTATIONS OF TOURISTS AS ACTIVE PURCHASERS","authors":"A. Baruk, Anna Goliszek","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article is theoretical and empirical in nature. The theoretical part provides a cognitive and critical analysis of the world literature. According to the approach presented in this part, valuable natural areas are ‘system marketing products’ which should be co-created by purchasers. The research aim of the article is to identify the significance assigned by tourists to various characteristics of valuable natural areas and group the tourists based on this. Three research questions were formed. In order to answer them, primary research was conducted by means of a questionnaire. The results were statistically analysed using the method of averaging and factor analysis. The results indicate that the relatively highest significance from the 25 elements of valuable natural areas evaluated was assigned to cleanliness and food. Untypical elements (e.g. ‘photographic safari’) were the least significant. Respondents were assigned to six groups linked to various types of activities. This points to the necessity to adapt elements of the product, i.e. a valuable natural area, to the various expectations of the purchasers.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89860268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.10
Michał Wielechowski
We test whether there are country-specific election cycles present in the public expenditure in the European Union. Using panel data on all 28 current EU Member States from 1995 to 2015, we find in general evidence for an election-induced expansion in total government spending and within the categories of public services, safety, housing, recreation, and education. Our contribution is to combine the notion of targeting specific public spending categories and the occurrence of country-specific political budget cycles in the EU. The results indicate that election cycles vary substantially across countries. We observe a significant election effect in about 77% of our estimates. Two thirds of these observed significant effects represent increased spending in pre-election period.
{"title":"POLITICAL BUDGET CYCLES – GOING BEYOND THE AVERAGE","authors":"Michał Wielechowski","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"We test whether there are country-specific election cycles present in the public expenditure in the European Union. Using panel data on all 28 current EU Member States from 1995 to 2015, we find in general evidence for an election-induced expansion in total government spending and within the categories of public services, safety, housing, recreation, and education. Our contribution is to combine the notion of targeting specific public spending categories and the occurrence of country-specific political budget cycles in the EU. The results indicate that election cycles vary substantially across countries. We observe a significant election effect in about 77% of our estimates. Two thirds of these observed significant effects represent increased spending in pre-election period.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85459216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.13
T. Zalega
This article is a research exercise examining consumer ethnocentrism among young Polish consumers. Its primary goal is to identify ethnocentric attitudes and behaviours of young people. The study consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. The first one explains the concept and essence of ethnocentrism as a consumer trend, building upon a critical analysis of literature. The second, major part is empirical. The basis for conclusions is provided by the research material from a questionnaire-based survey that was conducted among young consumers. Undertaking such a research project is justified since ethnocentric tendencies have a direct impact on purchase decisions of consumers, including young people, while making it difficult for enterprises on the market to develop marketing strategies.
{"title":"CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AMONG YOUNG POLISH CONSUMERS","authors":"T. Zalega","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a research exercise examining consumer ethnocentrism among young Polish consumers. Its primary goal is to identify ethnocentric attitudes and behaviours of young people. The study consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. The first one explains the concept and essence of ethnocentrism as a consumer trend, building upon a critical analysis of literature. The second, major part is empirical. The basis for conclusions is provided by the research material from a questionnaire-based survey that was conducted among young consumers. Undertaking such a research project is justified since ethnocentric tendencies have a direct impact on purchase decisions of consumers, including young people, while making it difficult for enterprises on the market to develop marketing strategies.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84933798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.50
Marcin Dudziński, E. Wasilewska
Value at Risk, or shorter – VaR, is a major tool used in the processes related to the risk management of banks and other monetary institutions, as well as in the tasks connected with financial supervision and scrutiny. The VaR measure may be interpreted as the minimum amount of equity that the company should own in order to be able to cover its potential losses. Although many methods leading to VaR estimation have been established so far, there is still no universal and faultless approach of VaR calculation. In our work, the method of VaR estimation consisting in determination of confidence intervals for VaR in terms of the so-called k-records has been described and used. The proposed approach is illustrated with use of an example from banking sector, concerning the stock prices of PKO BP Bank in the period between 13.01.2017 and 22.03.2018.
风险价值(Value at Risk，简称VaR)是与银行和其他金融机构的风险管理相关的过程中，以及与金融监督和审查相关的任务中使用的主要工具。价值衡量可以被解释为公司为了能够弥补其潜在损失而应该拥有的最低股本。虽然迄今为止已经建立了许多导致VaR估计的方法，但仍然没有一个通用的、完美的VaR计算方法。在我们的工作中，VaR估计的方法包括根据所谓的k记录确定VaR的置信区间，已经描述和使用。本文以银行业为例，对PKO BP Bank在2017年1月13日至2018年3月22日期间的股价进行了说明。
{"title":"APPLICATION OF K-RECORDS IN THE INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF THE VALUE AT RISK MEASURE (VAR)","authors":"Marcin Dudziński, E. Wasilewska","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.50","url":null,"abstract":"Value at Risk, or shorter – VaR, is a major tool used in the processes related to the risk management of banks and other monetary institutions, as well as in the tasks connected with financial supervision and scrutiny. The VaR measure may be interpreted as the minimum amount of equity that the company should own in order to be able to cover its potential losses. Although many methods leading to VaR estimation have been established so far, there is still no universal and faultless approach of VaR calculation. In our work, the method of VaR estimation consisting in determination of confidence intervals for VaR in terms of the so-called k-records has been described and used. The proposed approach is illustrated with use of an example from banking sector, concerning the stock prices of PKO BP Bank in the period between 13.01.2017 and 22.03.2018.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80241090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.46
Wioletta Bieńkowska-Gołasa
Film tourism is a phenomenon which is not very well known but developing together with new film productions and people’s increasing interest in this area. The film is to some extent a new promotion tool which uses a filmed image to show places and stories on purpose and in a way which is adjusted to the audience. This can later encourage people to go to a certain destination. The aim of the article was to find out whether film tourism influenced the promotion of selected tourist destinations. It was done by means of the method of diagnostic survey with the use of the technique of a standardized questionnaire. The results of the research in reference to film tourism in the promotion of tourist destinations indicate that it is a phenomenon that should be further promoted. It is because nearly 50% of the respondents encountered the term “film tourism”.
{"title":"FILM TOURISM IN THE PROMOTION OF SELECTED TOURIST DESTINATIONS","authors":"Wioletta Bieńkowska-Gołasa","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.46","url":null,"abstract":"Film tourism is a phenomenon which is not very well known but developing together with new film productions and people’s increasing interest in this area. The film is to some extent a new promotion tool which uses a filmed image to show places and stories on purpose and in a way which is adjusted to the audience. This can later encourage people to go to a certain destination. The aim of the article was to find out whether film tourism influenced the promotion of selected tourist destinations. It was done by means of the method of diagnostic survey with the use of the technique of a standardized questionnaire. The results of the research in reference to film tourism in the promotion of tourist destinations indicate that it is a phenomenon that should be further promoted. It is because nearly 50% of the respondents encountered the term “film tourism”.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77846835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.63
J. Staniszewski, A. Czyżewski
The aim of the study was to identify the most important determinants of economic and environmental efficiency of agricultural production in the EU countries in 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2013, with particular emphasis on structural conditions. The paper presents the results of modelling with the use of Eurostat data and methods of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and panel regression. In the case of economic efficiency, the importance of production concentration, understood as economic strength of farms, associated with an even distribution of production, was identified. In the case of eco-efficiency, its limiting factor turned out to be specialisation towards animal production. These results allow us to conclude that it is possible to achieve economic and environmental objectives at the same time, as none of the identified determinants was repeated in both models with the opposite sign. The results of the research are also a premise for the implementation of an active structural policy under the CAP after 2020.
{"title":"INTERDEPENDENCE OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION","authors":"J. Staniszewski, A. Czyżewski","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.63","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify the most important determinants of economic and environmental efficiency of agricultural production in the EU countries in 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2013, with particular emphasis on structural conditions. The paper presents the results of modelling with the use of Eurostat data and methods of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and panel regression. In the case of economic efficiency, the importance of production concentration, understood as economic strength of farms, associated with an even distribution of production, was identified. In the case of eco-efficiency, its limiting factor turned out to be specialisation towards animal production. These results allow us to conclude that it is possible to achieve economic and environmental objectives at the same time, as none of the identified determinants was repeated in both models with the opposite sign. The results of the research are also a premise for the implementation of an active structural policy under the CAP after 2020.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90876123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.62
W. Sobczak, B. Borkowski, R. Zbyrowski
This article attempts to verify the phenomenon of price transmission between wholesale markets of carrots in Poland. Determining the level of spatial integration of markets will indicate their efficiency and thus can make it easier for producers to take decisions about where to sell their products. The empirical data includes daily quotations of carrot prices on fruit and vegetable wholesale markets in Bronisze, Kalisz, Poznań, Radom and Sandomierz. The time range of the studies covered the years 2011–2016. This research is based on dynamic econometric methods (sVAR model) and the Granger causality tests. The research carried out using dynamic econometric methods has shown that despite the occurrence of significant variation in the level of carrot prices in the examined markets, their interaction was observed. Moreover, the results of the sVAR model estimation indicate that the changes in carrot prices on a particular market are stronger influenced by the price changes from the same market. This is an autoregressive effect. It also means that the carrot price information coming from other wholesale markets (price transmission effect) has a much weaker effect.
{"title":"SPATIAL INTEGRATION OF VEGETABLE WHOLESALE MARKETS IN POLAND ON THE SELECTED EXAMPLE","authors":"W. Sobczak, B. Borkowski, R. Zbyrowski","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.62","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to verify the phenomenon of price transmission between wholesale markets of carrots in Poland. Determining the level of spatial integration of markets will indicate their efficiency and thus can make it easier for producers to take decisions about where to sell their products. The empirical data includes daily quotations of carrot prices on fruit and vegetable wholesale markets in Bronisze, Kalisz, Poznań, Radom and Sandomierz. The time range of the studies covered the years 2011–2016. This research is based on dynamic econometric methods (sVAR model) and the Granger causality tests. The research carried out using dynamic econometric methods has shown that despite the occurrence of significant variation in the level of carrot prices in the examined markets, their interaction was observed. Moreover, the results of the sVAR model estimation indicate that the changes in carrot prices on a particular market are stronger influenced by the price changes from the same market. This is an autoregressive effect. It also means that the carrot price information coming from other wholesale markets (price transmission effect) has a much weaker effect.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83145406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.53
J. Gołębiewski
The study presents analysis of supply chains for agricultural products in EU countries. Supply chains are sets of interrelated production and trade economic activities, carried out in a specific sequence. In the agrifood sector, the chains encompass activities carried out at the farm level and then continued during primary and secondary processing and distribution to final recipients. The aim of the article is to analyze diversity of economic results and changes in labour productivity dynamics in individual sectors of the supply chain in the EU member states in years from 2008 till 2016. The findings have shown that economic results of individual sectors in the supply chain of food products differ substantially both along the supply chain and between individual EU countries.
{"title":"ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECTORS ALONG THE FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN – COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES","authors":"J. Gołębiewski","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.53","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents analysis of supply chains for agricultural products in EU countries. Supply chains are sets of interrelated production and trade economic activities, carried out in a specific sequence. In the agrifood sector, the chains encompass activities carried out at the farm level and then continued during primary and secondary processing and distribution to final recipients. The aim of the article is to analyze diversity of economic results and changes in labour productivity dynamics in individual sectors of the supply chain in the EU member states in years from 2008 till 2016. The findings have shown that economic results of individual sectors in the supply chain of food products differ substantially both along the supply chain and between individual EU countries.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"319 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77262739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.58
A. Mazurkiewicz-Pizło, W. Pizło
From the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vineyards and the production of wine from own grapes has increased in Poland, both from the demand and supply side. For many vineyard owners, this is a hobby that is unrelated to the professional work. The aim of this study is to identify the most important determinants that are beneficial to the development of wine-making and wine tourism in Poland. The analysis of secondary sources was used, including data collected by the Polish Agricultural Market Agency (since 2018 National Support Centre for Agriculture), the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OiV) and the Institute for Market Research GfK Polonia. It was found that the most important factors favouring the development of vines and vineyards in Poland are: global warming; production of more resistant vine strains; increased experience and skills of vineyard owners in the area of viticulture and wine production; activities of non-profit organizations related to vineyards; inclusion of Poland into the EU zone as a country with wine potential; legislative changes; promotion of Polish viticulture; increased wine consumption and the search for innovative and profitable forms of agriculture in rural areas.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF VINEYARDS AND WINE TOURISM IN POLAND","authors":"A. Mazurkiewicz-Pizło, W. Pizło","doi":"10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2018.17.4.58","url":null,"abstract":"From the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vineyards and the production of wine from own grapes has increased in Poland, both from the demand and supply side. For many vineyard owners, this is a hobby that is unrelated to the professional work. The aim of this study is to identify the most important determinants that are beneficial to the development of wine-making and wine tourism in Poland. The analysis of secondary sources was used, including data collected by the Polish Agricultural Market Agency (since 2018 National Support Centre for Agriculture), the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OiV) and the Institute for Market Research GfK Polonia. It was found that the most important factors favouring the development of vines and vineyards in Poland are: global warming; production of more resistant vine strains; increased experience and skills of vineyard owners in the area of viticulture and wine production; activities of non-profit organizations related to vineyards; inclusion of Poland into the EU zone as a country with wine potential; legislative changes; promotion of Polish viticulture; increased wine consumption and the search for innovative and profitable forms of agriculture in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88777592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.49
A. Daniłowska
The aim of the paper was to identify the tendencies in the farm structure in EU-28 countries from 2008 till 2016 and point out their implications. The analyses revealed that during the examined period the very impressive decrease in total farm number was observed. The changes of farm number and of farm structure by size class (in UAA) were very differentiated between countries. The increase in the share of the biggest farms in farm number and especially in utilised agricultural area indicates advanced process of agricultural land concentration in many EU countries. The highest concentration was observed in some post communistic countries, but it was very progressive in such important agricultural product producers as German, Denmark, France, Spain as well. The changes in farm structure have important implications for political power of farmers as an interest group at national and the EU level. They influence the provision of environmental and non-environmental public goods as well.
{"title":"CHANGES IN EUROPEAN UNION FARM STRUCTURE AND THEIR MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMPLICATIONS","authors":"A. Daniłowska","doi":"10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.49","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper was to identify the tendencies in the farm structure in EU-28 countries from 2008 till 2016 and point out their implications. The analyses revealed that during the examined period the very impressive decrease in total farm number was observed. The changes of farm number and of farm structure by size class (in UAA) were very differentiated between countries. The increase in the share of the biggest farms in farm number and especially in utilised agricultural area indicates advanced process of agricultural land concentration in many EU countries. The highest concentration was observed in some post communistic countries, but it was very progressive in such important agricultural product producers as German, Denmark, France, Spain as well. The changes in farm structure have important implications for political power of farmers as an interest group at national and the EU level. They influence the provision of environmental and non-environmental public goods as well.","PeriodicalId":34287,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77874216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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