Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1827
B. Akinnukawe, S. A. Okunuga
In this paper, a one-step block of optimized hybrid schemes for the numerical integration of second-order initial value problems (IVP) of ordinary differential equations (ODE) is constructed via collocation techniques. The developed scheme is obtained by considering two intra-step nodal points as hybrid points, which are chosen in order to achieve optimized errors of the main formulae approximating the solution such that 0 < v1 < v 2 < 1 where v1 and v2 are defined as hybrid points. The characteristics of the developed scheme are analyzed. Application of the new scheme on some second-order IVPs shows the accuracy and effectiveness of the scheme compared with some existing methods.
{"title":"One-step block scheme with optimal hybrid points for numerical integration of second-order ordinary differential equations","authors":"B. Akinnukawe, S. A. Okunuga","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1827","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a one-step block of optimized hybrid schemes for the numerical integration of second-order initial value problems (IVP) of ordinary differential equations (ODE) is constructed via collocation techniques. The developed scheme is obtained by considering two intra-step nodal points as hybrid points, which are chosen in order to achieve optimized errors of the main formulae approximating the solution such that 0 < v1 < v 2 < 1 where v1 and v2 are defined as hybrid points. The characteristics of the developed scheme are analyzed. Application of the new scheme on some second-order IVPs shows the accuracy and effectiveness of the scheme compared with some existing methods.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140667871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1890
S. Ponsadai Lakshmi, C. Gopi, P. Adwin Jose
This paper aims to evaluate the quality of groundwater resources used for irrigation purposes using a Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system (MFIS). The MFIS is used to resolve ambiguities and uncertainties in economic, social, and natural systems and also facilitates the capture of expert knowledge in ways similar to human reasoning and thought processes. In this study, 20 groundwater samples were collected from various locations within the Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu, India, between January 2016 and December 2019. These samples underwent physical and chemical analyses to assess the suitability of the collected water resources for irrigation. The analysis utilizes the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System, which combines values of Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). Additionally, methods from the US Salinity Laboratory Staff were also employed. Ultimately, the groundwater quality in Mayiladuthurai is graded for irrigation use by this method. The results indicate that the MFIS reduces imprecision and uncertainty in data handling through the fuzzy membership function. The comparison of irrigation suitability results clearly demonstrates that the proposed MFIS method offers an improved assessment of the irrigation water quality level of the studied groundwater resources.
{"title":"Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system for irrigational water quality","authors":"S. Ponsadai Lakshmi, C. Gopi, P. Adwin Jose","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1890","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to evaluate the quality of groundwater resources used for irrigation purposes using a Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system (MFIS). The MFIS is used to resolve ambiguities and uncertainties in economic, social, and natural systems and also facilitates the capture of expert knowledge in ways similar to human reasoning and thought processes. In this study, 20 groundwater samples were collected from various locations within the Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu, India, between January 2016 and December 2019. These samples underwent physical and chemical analyses to assess the suitability of the collected water resources for irrigation. The analysis utilizes the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System, which combines values of Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). Additionally, methods from the US Salinity Laboratory Staff were also employed. Ultimately, the groundwater quality in Mayiladuthurai is graded for irrigation use by this method. The results indicate that the MFIS reduces imprecision and uncertainty in data handling through the fuzzy membership function. The comparison of irrigation suitability results clearly demonstrates that the proposed MFIS method offers an improved assessment of the irrigation water quality level of the studied groundwater resources.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"118 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1934
Ajit Kumar Ajit Kumar, Dr Pushap Lata, Praveen Lata Praveen Lata, Deepak Bains Deepak Bains, Pankaj Thakur Pankaj Thakur
The effect of the magnetic field on the onset of thermal convection in a porous layer saturated by Jeffrey nanofluid is studied. Three distinct boundary conditions are considered to be free-free, rigid-rigid and rigid-free boundaries. The model used for Jeffrey nanofluid includes the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The normal mode analysis as well as the Galerkin first approximation technique is used. The effects of the Rayleigh number of nanoparticles, Lewis number, modified diffusivity ratio, Jeffery parameter, porosity and Chandrasekhar number are investigated analytically and graphically. It is discovered that the Chandrasekhar number, Lewis number and modified diffusivity ratio have a stabilizing effect while the Jeffery parameter, nanoparticles Rayleigh number and porosity have a destabilizing effect. This study induces the effect of Chandrasekhar number and Jeffrey nanofluid. We have analyzed that Chandrasekhar number produces a stabilizing effect on the onset of convection i.e. it delays the onset of convection whereas the Jeffrey parameter which comes from Jeffrey nanofluid shows the destabilizing effect on the onset of convection i.e. it accelerates the onset of convection. The influence of a magnetic field on the commencement of nanofluid convection is significant in magnetohydrodynamic power generators, electrical equipment, petroleum reservoirs, nuclear reactors, biochemical engineering, chemical engineering and geophysics.
{"title":"Effect of magnetic field on the onset of thermal convection in a Jeffery nanofluid layer saturated by a porous medium: free-free, rigid-rigid and rigid-free boundary conditions","authors":"Ajit Kumar Ajit Kumar, Dr Pushap Lata, Praveen Lata Praveen Lata, Deepak Bains Deepak Bains, Pankaj Thakur Pankaj Thakur","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1934","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the magnetic field on the onset of thermal convection in a porous layer saturated by Jeffrey nanofluid is studied. Three distinct boundary conditions are considered to be free-free, rigid-rigid and rigid-free boundaries. The model used for Jeffrey nanofluid includes the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The normal mode analysis as well as the Galerkin first approximation technique is used. The effects of the Rayleigh number of nanoparticles, Lewis number, modified diffusivity ratio, Jeffery parameter, porosity and Chandrasekhar number are investigated analytically and graphically. It is discovered that the Chandrasekhar number, Lewis number and modified diffusivity ratio have a stabilizing effect while the Jeffery parameter, nanoparticles Rayleigh number and porosity have a destabilizing effect. This study induces the effect of Chandrasekhar number and Jeffrey nanofluid. We have analyzed that Chandrasekhar number produces a stabilizing effect on the onset of convection i.e. it delays the onset of convection whereas the Jeffrey parameter which comes from Jeffrey nanofluid shows the destabilizing effect on the onset of convection i.e. it accelerates the onset of convection. The influence of a magnetic field on the commencement of nanofluid convection is significant in magnetohydrodynamic power generators, electrical equipment, petroleum reservoirs, nuclear reactors, biochemical engineering, chemical engineering and geophysics.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"107 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1889
N. Olasunkanmi, D. T. Ogundele, Dr. V. T. Olayemi, Dr. W. A. Yahya, A. R. Olasunkanmi, Z. O. Yusuf, Dr. S. A. Aderoju
This study explores the extent of leachate contamination and groundwater vulnerability in urban dumpsites, with a specific focus on the Ipata area in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study employs a combination of 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), soil classification, and physicochemical analyses to investigate the percolation of leachate into groundwater and its potential environmental and health implications. The ERT data unveiled subsurface layers, highlighting the presence of decomposed topsoil down to approximately 1.2m. Beneath this layer, a low-resistivity zone (6.53 to 10.7 ?m) indicated the potential risk of leachate percolation into groundwater. Soil classification revealed a shallow topsoil layer with insufficient clay content to hinder leachate penetration, emphasizing the need for enhanced containment measures. Physicochemical analysis of leachate, well water, and soil displayed variations in key parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and anion concentrations. Leachate exhibited high pH and electrical conductivity, suggesting elevated total dissolved solids, while well water remained within acceptable pH limits for drinking water. Heavy metal concentrations exceeded permissible WHO limits in topsoil, leachate, and well water, with cadmium presenting a high ecological risk. The absence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the samples indicates a current focus on heavy metals as a primary concern. In conclusion, this study underscores the urgent need for proactive pollution abatement measures in urban dumpsites like Ipata. Regular monitoring of surface and groundwater quality is essential to safeguard public health and the environment.
{"title":"Assessing leachate contamination and groundwater vulnerability in urban dumpsites: a case study of the Ipata Area, Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"N. Olasunkanmi, D. T. Ogundele, Dr. V. T. Olayemi, Dr. W. A. Yahya, A. R. Olasunkanmi, Z. O. Yusuf, Dr. S. A. Aderoju","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1889","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the extent of leachate contamination and groundwater vulnerability in urban dumpsites, with a specific focus on the Ipata area in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study employs a combination of 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), soil classification, and physicochemical analyses to investigate the percolation of leachate into groundwater and its potential environmental and health implications. The ERT data unveiled subsurface layers, highlighting the presence of decomposed topsoil down to approximately 1.2m. Beneath this layer, a low-resistivity zone (6.53 to 10.7 ?m) indicated the potential risk of leachate percolation into groundwater. Soil classification revealed a shallow topsoil layer with insufficient clay content to hinder leachate penetration, emphasizing the need for enhanced containment measures. Physicochemical analysis of leachate, well water, and soil displayed variations in key parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and anion concentrations. Leachate exhibited high pH and electrical conductivity, suggesting elevated total dissolved solids, while well water remained within acceptable pH limits for drinking water. Heavy metal concentrations exceeded permissible WHO limits in topsoil, leachate, and well water, with cadmium presenting a high ecological risk. The absence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the samples indicates a current focus on heavy metals as a primary concern. In conclusion, this study underscores the urgent need for proactive pollution abatement measures in urban dumpsites like Ipata. Regular monitoring of surface and groundwater quality is essential to safeguard public health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"102 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1898
P. K. Alimo, G. Lartey-Young, S. Agyeman, T. Y. Akintunde, E. Kyere-Gyeabour, F. Krampah, A. Awomuti, O. Oderinde, A. O. Agbeja, O. G. Afolabi
Two-stroke motorcycles emit harmful exhaust fumes because of incomplete combustion. Although they constitute the main fleet of motorcycle taxis in sub-Saharan Africa, monitoring, spatial assessment, and regulation are weak, leaving dire health consequences in cities. This study collected motorcycle raw exhaust emissions of 1,950 two-stroke petrol-driven motorcycle taxis, otherwise called okada, in Ogun State, Nigeria, using an idle mode test approach under 10 minutes and employed correlations, hierarchical multiple linear regression models, and spatial analysis. It was found that carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) were the most highly concentrated, and the latter were beyond allowable limits. The concentration of CO was found to be at the minimum of 0.00 % and the highest being at 6.40% (an average of 1.05%), while the HC concentration was reported at the minimum of 18.00 ppm and the highest at 15446 ppm (an average of 3560 ppm). Notably, Kriging interpolation analysis indicated that cumulative effects due to the clustering and operations of motorcycle taxis could increase these concentrations over time, extending their long-term impacts. Given the severe effects of these emissions on health and the wider environment, a DPSIR policy framework is proposed to regulate two-stroke motorcycle taxis in sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"Spatial distribution and policy implications of the exhaust emissions of two-stroke motorcycle taxis: a case study of southwestern state in Nigeria","authors":"P. K. Alimo, G. Lartey-Young, S. Agyeman, T. Y. Akintunde, E. Kyere-Gyeabour, F. Krampah, A. Awomuti, O. Oderinde, A. O. Agbeja, O. G. Afolabi","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1898","url":null,"abstract":"Two-stroke motorcycles emit harmful exhaust fumes because of incomplete combustion. Although they constitute the main fleet of motorcycle taxis in sub-Saharan Africa, monitoring, spatial assessment, and regulation are weak, leaving dire health consequences in cities. This study collected motorcycle raw exhaust emissions of 1,950 two-stroke petrol-driven motorcycle taxis, otherwise called okada, in Ogun State, Nigeria, using an idle mode test approach under 10 minutes and employed correlations, hierarchical multiple linear regression models, and spatial analysis. It was found that carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) were the most highly concentrated, and the latter were beyond allowable limits. The concentration of CO was found to be at the minimum of 0.00 % and the highest being at 6.40% (an average of 1.05%), while the HC concentration was reported at the minimum of 18.00 ppm and the highest at 15446 ppm (an average of 3560 ppm). Notably, Kriging interpolation analysis indicated that cumulative effects due to the clustering and operations of motorcycle taxis could increase these concentrations over time, extending their long-term impacts. Given the severe effects of these emissions on health and the wider environment, a DPSIR policy framework is proposed to regulate two-stroke motorcycle taxis in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"339 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1828
G. S. Tuteja, Tapshi Lal
This paper explores the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, particularly focusing on super-spreaders, through the lens of the SIR model. The model comprises six compartments representing susceptible, exposed, symptomatic infected, super-spreader, asymptomatic infected, and recovered individuals. Utilizing a set of non-linear, interdependent differential equations, we numerically solve for model parameters to examine the influence of super-spreaders on infection spread within the population. We calculate the basic reproduction number (R0) and discuss the stability of disease-free equilibrium. Our findings underscore the significant role played by super-spreaders and asymptomatic individuals in disease dissemination. Drawing on the epidemiological concept of the iceberg phenomenon, we offer insights into super-spreader events (SSEs) in India and their ramifications.
本文从 SIR 模型的角度探讨了 COVID-19 的传播动态，尤其关注超级传播者。该模型由六个部分组成，分别代表易感者、暴露者、无症状感染者、超级传播者、无症状感染者和康复者。利用一组非线性、相互依存的微分方程，我们对模型参数进行了数值求解，以检验超级传播者对种群内感染传播的影响。我们计算了基本繁殖数（R0），并讨论了无疾病平衡的稳定性。我们的发现强调了超级传播者和无症状个体在疾病传播中的重要作用。借鉴冰山现象的流行病学概念，我们对印度的超级传播者事件及其影响提出了见解。
{"title":"A study of growth of COVID-19 with super-spreaders using the modified SIR model including iceberg phenomenon","authors":"G. S. Tuteja, Tapshi Lal","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1828","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, particularly focusing on super-spreaders, through the lens of the SIR model. The model comprises six compartments representing susceptible, exposed, symptomatic infected, super-spreader, asymptomatic infected, and recovered individuals. Utilizing a set of non-linear, interdependent differential equations, we numerically solve for model parameters to examine the influence of super-spreaders on infection spread within the population. We calculate the basic reproduction number (R0) and discuss the stability of disease-free equilibrium. Our findings underscore the significant role played by super-spreaders and asymptomatic individuals in disease dissemination. Drawing on the epidemiological concept of the iceberg phenomenon, we offer insights into super-spreader events (SSEs) in India and their ramifications.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1951
O. Eyenubo, V. O. Peretomode, F. Egharevba, S. Osakwe, O. G. Avwioro, Emmanuel Etim
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that are ubiquitous in nature. In this study, the levels of PCBs were evaluated in sediments and fish samples obtained from dredged tributaries and creeks of River Ethiope. The work also assessed the possible relationship between the parameters and risks posed by polychlorinated biphenyls via several pollution indices. The mean concentrations of PPCBs on the sediments spanned from 645 – 3,977 µg/kg (wet season) to 252 – 1,219 µg/kg (dry season) dry weight. The concentrations of PCBs in fishes were 1,688 µg/kg (wet season) and 557 µg/kg (dry season). Higher bioaccumulation factors were observed with lower molecular weight PCBs than the higher ones (9 – Hexa – PCB, 8- Tetra- PCB). The results of the ecological risk (160 leq Eri < 320), and human health risk (geq 10-4 to 10-3-leq 10-6), showed moderately to very high contamination and also moderately to very high cancer risk for children and adults. The strong positive correlation between PCB-114 and PCB-77, PCB-81, PCB-105 (r2 = 1.00, 0.99 & 1.00, p < 0.01) and the risks assessment values which ranged from 6.10 × 10-3 to 1.47 × 10-2 for children and 6.30 × 10-4 to 1.11 × 10-3 for adults (wet season), 1.04 × 10-3 to 2.99 × 10-2 for children and 7.80 × 10-5 to 5.61 × 10-1 for adults (dry season), showed rarely to adversely high potential ecological risk, biological effect and human health risk across the environment. The data show that higher levels of PCBs were observed in sediments and fish samples when compared with available standards. Considering the ILCR, hazard index, toxic equivalent, the sediments and fish obtained from these sites would be considered risky for humans. Dredging activities are majorly responsible for the high levels of PCBs across the sites. These have contributed significantly to the environmental status of the studied area.
{"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments and fish from dredged tributaries and creeks of river Ethiope, South-South, Nigeria: sources, risk assessment and bioaccumulation","authors":"O. Eyenubo, V. O. Peretomode, F. Egharevba, S. Osakwe, O. G. Avwioro, Emmanuel Etim","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1951","url":null,"abstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that are ubiquitous in nature. In this study, the levels of PCBs were evaluated in sediments and fish samples obtained from dredged tributaries and creeks of River Ethiope. The work also assessed the possible relationship between the parameters and risks posed by polychlorinated biphenyls via several pollution indices. The mean concentrations of PPCBs on the sediments spanned from 645 – 3,977 µg/kg (wet season) to 252 – 1,219 µg/kg (dry season) dry weight. The concentrations of PCBs in fishes were 1,688 µg/kg (wet season) and 557 µg/kg (dry season). Higher bioaccumulation factors were observed with lower molecular weight PCBs than the higher ones (9 – Hexa – PCB, 8- Tetra- PCB). The results of the ecological risk (160 leq Eri < 320), and human health risk (geq 10-4 to 10-3-leq 10-6), showed moderately to very high contamination and also moderately to very high cancer risk for children and adults. The strong positive correlation between PCB-114 and PCB-77, PCB-81, PCB-105 (r2 = 1.00, 0.99 & 1.00, p < 0.01) and the risks assessment values which ranged from 6.10 × 10-3 to 1.47 × 10-2 for children and 6.30 × 10-4 to 1.11 × 10-3 for adults (wet season), 1.04 × 10-3 to 2.99 × 10-2 for children and 7.80 × 10-5 to 5.61 × 10-1 for adults (dry season), showed rarely to adversely high potential ecological risk, biological effect and human health risk across the environment. The data show that higher levels of PCBs were observed in sediments and fish samples when compared with available standards. Considering the ILCR, hazard index, toxic equivalent, the sediments and fish obtained from these sites would be considered risky for humans. Dredging activities are majorly responsible for the high levels of PCBs across the sites. These have contributed significantly to the environmental status of the studied area.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"72 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1830
Akeem O. Yunus, M. Olayiwola
This study underscores the crucial role of COVID-19 vaccinations in managing the pandemic, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Employing a fractional-order mathematical modeling approach, the research assesses vaccination efficacy, minimum effectiveness, and duration. The model’s numerical solution is derived through the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM), utilizing rapidly converging infinite series. Simulation results illustrate the impact of COVID-19 transmission and vaccination rates. The study concludes that implementing a vaccination strategy in an integer order proves to be the most effective approach to controlling the spread of COVID-19. These findings have significant implications for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare workers. They emphasize the central role of fractional calculus in facilitating vaccine implementation in the ongoing battle against COVID-19. The study calls for global efforts to maximize vaccination implementation for the overall benefit of public health.
{"title":"The analysis of a novel COVID-19 model with the fractional-order incorporating the impact of the vaccination campaign in Nigeria via the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition Method","authors":"Akeem O. Yunus, M. Olayiwola","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1830","url":null,"abstract":"This study underscores the crucial role of COVID-19 vaccinations in managing the pandemic, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Employing a fractional-order mathematical modeling approach, the research assesses vaccination efficacy, minimum effectiveness, and duration. The model’s numerical solution is derived through the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM), utilizing rapidly converging infinite series. Simulation results illustrate the impact of COVID-19 transmission and vaccination rates. The study concludes that implementing a vaccination strategy in an integer order proves to be the most effective approach to controlling the spread of COVID-19. These findings have significant implications for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare workers. They emphasize the central role of fractional calculus in facilitating vaccine implementation in the ongoing battle against COVID-19. The study calls for global efforts to maximize vaccination implementation for the overall benefit of public health.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1917
Oladotun Ogunlaran, Michael Kehinde, Moses Akanbi, Emmanuel Akinola
This paper introduces an innovative method for numerically integrating fourth-order initial value problems by utilizing Chebyshev polynomials as the fundamental basis function. The block integrator base on Chebyshev polynomial demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy and stability, rendering it a valuable tool across various scientific and engineering fields. By leveraging the characteristics of Chebyshev polynomials, this approach accurately estimates solutions for fourth-order differential equations without reducing it to a system of first order Ordinary Differential Equations while at the same time effectively managing error accumulation within a block integration framework and thereby enhancing its accuracy over extended intervals. Through rigorous numerical experiments, the effectiveness and reliability of the new integrator are demonstrated and compared with existing methods. The new method is consistent, zero stable and convergent. The method also shows an appreciable error constants. The new method performed better in terms of accuracy than the existing methods in the literature in both linear and nonlinear problems.
{"title":"A Chebyshev polynomial based block integrator for the direct numerical solution of fourth order ordinary differential equations","authors":"Oladotun Ogunlaran, Michael Kehinde, Moses Akanbi, Emmanuel Akinola","doi":"10.46481/jnsps.2024.1917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1917","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an innovative method for numerically integrating fourth-order initial value problems by utilizing Chebyshev polynomials as the fundamental basis function. The block integrator base on Chebyshev polynomial demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy and stability, rendering it a valuable tool across various scientific and engineering fields. By leveraging the characteristics of Chebyshev polynomials, this approach accurately estimates solutions for fourth-order differential equations without reducing it to a system of first order Ordinary Differential Equations while at the same time effectively managing error accumulation within a block integration framework and thereby enhancing its accuracy over extended intervals. Through rigorous numerical experiments, the effectiveness and reliability of the new integrator are demonstrated and compared with existing methods. The new method is consistent, zero stable and convergent. The method also shows an appreciable error constants. The new method performed better in terms of accuracy than the existing methods in the literature in both linear and nonlinear problems.","PeriodicalId":342917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences","volume":"115 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2024.1750
A. Murali, K. Muthunagai
Recent studies have highlighted fixed point theorems in the context of bicomplex valued metric spaces, utilizing rational type contractions with coefficients defined by two-variable control functions. In our research, we extend these findings by proposing new theorems for identifying common fixed points within bicomplex valued metric spaces, employing rational type contractions characterized by three-variable control functions as coefficients. We have refined the contraction conditions presented in numerous existing theorems by substituting constants with a limited number of control functions for more versatility in bicomplex valued metric spaces. This advancement broadens the scope of several significant findings in the literature. To demonstrate the efficacy of our results, we offer compelling examples that validate our theorems. Furthermore, we apply our primary findings to effectively address the Urysohn integral equation system, showcasing the practical application of our research.
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