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Performance Analysis of Chicken Freshness classification using Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and k-NN 基于Naïve贝叶斯、决策树和k-NN的鸡肉新鲜度分类性能分析
Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1740
Regina Vannya, Arief Hermawan
Chicken is one of the staple foods that is widely enjoyed by all. To obtain the benefits of chicken meat, the level of freshness becomes one of the main keys. In general, the level of freshness of chicken meat is divided into two classes, namely fresh and non-fresh. The difference in the level of freshness can be seen from the color changes of each class. Spoiled chicken (chicken died yesterday) is one type of meat in the non-fresh group. The widespread sale of spoiled chicken meat among the public raises doubts about choosing chicken that is suitable and unsuitable for consumption. Therefore, chicken meat freshness classification is needed to facilitate the selection of chicken meat based on color characteristics. The use of Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm in categorizing fresh and non-fresh classes is done by calculating the probability value of each image channel input. This research was conducted to compare the Naive Bayes, decision tree, and K-NN algorithms in classifying chicken meat based on color characteristics. The results of the study showed that the Naive Bayes classifier algorithm was superior to the decision tree and K-NN algorithms with an accuracy rate of 75%, precision of 79%, and recall of 65%. It is known that 27 images were predicted correctly and 9 images were predicted incorrectly out of a total 36 data. The use of a histogram in this study aims to differentiate chicken meat images from non-meat during the testing process of the model using the Naive Bayes classifier algorithm.
鸡肉是人们普遍喜爱的主食之一。为了获得鸡肉的好处,新鲜度的高低成为主要的关键之一。一般来说,鸡肉的新鲜度水平分为两类,即新鲜和不新鲜。从每一类的颜色变化可以看出新鲜度的高低。变质鸡肉(昨天死亡的鸡肉)是非新鲜肉类中的一种。变质鸡肉在公众中广泛销售,这引起了人们对选择适合和不适合食用的鸡肉的怀疑。因此,需要对鸡肉的新鲜度进行分类,以便根据鸡肉的颜色特征进行选择。朴素贝叶斯分类器算法通过计算每个图像通道输入的概率值来对新鲜类和非新鲜类进行分类。本研究比较了基于颜色特征对鸡肉进行分类的朴素贝叶斯、决策树和K-NN算法。研究结果表明,朴素贝叶斯分类器算法优于决策树和K-NN算法,准确率为75%,精密度为79%,召回率为65%。已知在总共36个数据中,27个图像预测正确,9个图像预测错误。本研究使用直方图的目的是利用朴素贝叶斯分类器算法在模型测试过程中将鸡肉图像与非肉类图像区分开来。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Human-Level Safe Reinforcement Learning in Atari Library 在Atari库中实现人类级别的安全强化学习
Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1739
Afriyadi Afriyadi, Wiranto Herry Utomo
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful tool for training agents to perform complex tasks. However, from time-to-time RL agents often learn to behave in unsafe or unintended ways. This is especially true during the exploration phase, when the agent is trying to learn about its environment. This research acquires safe exploration methods from the field of robotics and evaluates their effectiveness compared to other algorithms that are commonly used in complex videogame environments without safe exploration. We also propose a method for hand-crafting catastrophic states, which are states that are known to be unsafe for the agent to visit. Our results show that our method and our hand-crafted safety constraints outperform state-of-the-art algorithms on relatively certain iterations. This means that our method is able to learn to behave safely while still achieving good performance. These results have implications for the future development of human-level safe learning with combination of model-based RL using complex videogame environments. By developing safe exploration methods, we can help to ensure that RL agents can be used in a variety of real-world applications, such as self-driving cars and robotics.
强化学习(RL)是训练智能体执行复杂任务的有力工具。然而,RL代理经常会以不安全或意想不到的方式学习行为。在探索阶段尤其如此,当智能体试图了解其环境时。本研究从机器人领域获得了安全探索方法,并将其与其他算法进行了比较,这些算法通常用于复杂的视频游戏环境中,没有安全探索。我们还提出了一种手工制作灾难性状态的方法,这些状态是已知的代理无法访问的不安全状态。我们的结果表明,在相对确定的迭代中,我们的方法和手工制作的安全约束优于最先进的算法。这意味着我们的方法能够在学习安全行为的同时获得良好的性能。这些结果对人类水平的安全学习的未来发展具有启示意义,结合基于模型的强化学习使用复杂的视频游戏环境。通过开发安全的探索方法,我们可以帮助确保强化学习代理可以用于各种现实世界的应用,例如自动驾驶汽车和机器人。
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引用次数: 0
User Acceptance Analysis Dana Application E-Wallet Using UTAUT 2 and UX TAM 用户接受度分析使用UTAUT 2和UX TAM的Dana应用电子钱包
Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1750
Putri Meliana, Nurul Mutiah, Syahru Rahmayuda
DANA is a digital wallet application that has an open platform concept, meaning it can be used on different platforms but is integrated with one another. However, there were complaints that were felt by DANA application users which were conveyed in Google Playstore reviews, namely frequent errors and delays in the transaction process. This is the basis for measuring the level of acceptance of DANA application users based on the user's experience. This research model is an integration of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) model and the User Experience technology Acceptance Model (UX TAM). The data analysis technique used Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and used SmartPLS 3 tools Data collection was carried out by randomly distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, namely the Pontianak community with an age range of 15-40 years. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, namely the Pontianak community. Of the 21 hypotheses proposed, 10 hypotheses stated there was a relationship between the two variables and the other 11 hypotheses had no relationship. The hypotheses that have an influence are Effort Expectancy on Behavior Intention, Habit on Behavior Intention, Efficiency on Effort Expectancy, Efficiency on Performance Expectancy, Output Quality on Performance Expectancy, Dependability on Habit, Stimulation on Hedonic Motivation, Output Quality on Perceived Usefulness, Dependability on Perceived Ease Of Use, and Behavioral Intention to Use Behavior. The results of the research are in the form of recommendations that are expected to improve the performance of the DANA application.
DANA是一个数字钱包应用程序,具有开放平台的概念,这意味着它可以在不同的平台上使用,但可以相互集成。然而,在Google Playstore的评论中,DANA应用用户也表达了他们的不满,即交易过程中频繁出现错误和延迟。这是基于用户体验来衡量DANA应用程序用户接受程度的基础。该研究模型是技术接受与使用统一理论2 (UTAUT 2)模型和用户体验技术接受模型(UX TAM)的集成。数据分析技术采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)和SmartPLS 3工具,通过随机向100名受访者(即15-40岁的Pontianak社区)发放问卷进行数据收集。收集数据的方式是向100名回答者分发调查表,即Pontianak社区。在提出的21个假设中,10个假设认为这两个变量之间存在关系,其他11个假设没有关系。产生影响的假设有:努力期望对行为意图的影响、习惯对行为意图的影响、效率对努力期望的影响、效率对绩效期望的影响、输出质量对绩效期望的影响、习惯的影响、刺激对享乐动机的影响、输出质量对感知有用性的影响、感知易用性的影响、使用行为的行为意图。研究结果以建议的形式出现,有望改善DANA应用程序的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of Final Project Titles Using Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory at the Faculty of Engineering Nurul Jadid University 利用双向长短期记忆对努鲁贾迪德大学工程学院期末专题题目进行分类
Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1723
Faridatul Warda, Fathorazi Nur Fajri, Abu Tholib
Every year, the Faculty of Engineering at Nurul Jadid University forms a committee to manage the process of students' final projects from the title selection stage to the final examination process until graduation. The process of selecting the final project title is still done manually, namely by checking the titles one by one, which takes a long time and allows errors because there is a lot of data to check, so human errors can also occur. Therefore, this research proposes to use the Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) method to classify the final project title based on its grade category. Several experiments were conducted to generate the most appropriate labels. The first experiment produced 4 labels and the second experiment produced 2 labels. From the results of several experiments, it was concluded that the second experiment had the best accuracy results with the 'good enough' and 'good' classes. The oversampling technique was then applied to overcome overlapping data, and the turning process was then performed on several parameters that could re-optimize the previous accuracy result of 75.24% to 91.15%. With a configuration of 10 random state parameters, using 64 batch sizes and 50 epochs. In addition, model adjustments were made to the hidden layer by adding a dropout layer and relu activation.
每年,努鲁贾迪德大学工程学院都会成立一个委员会来管理学生的期末项目,从选题阶段到期末考试阶段,直到毕业。选择最终项目标题的过程仍然是手动完成的,即逐个检查标题,这需要很长时间,并且由于需要检查的数据很多,因此会出现错误,因此也可能出现人为错误。因此,本研究提出采用双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)方法,根据期末项目题目的等级类别对其进行分类。为了生成最合适的标签,进行了几次实验。第一个实验产生4个标签,第二个实验产生2个标签。从几个实验的结果来看,第二个实验在“足够好”和“好”两个类别下的精度结果是最好的。然后利用过采样技术克服重叠数据,对多个参数进行车削加工,使精度从75.24%提高到91.15%。配置10个随机状态参数,使用64个批大小和50个epoch。此外,通过添加dropout层和重新激活对隐藏层进行模型调整。
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引用次数: 0
Priority Recommendations for Residential Road Improvement Using the SMART Analysis Method 使用SMART分析方法改善住宅道路的优先建议
Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1738
Lilik Sumaryanti, Syaiful Nugraha, Lusia Lamalewa
Roads are infrastructure for organizing transportation, which are places for traffic to flow both for people and goods to reach destinations safely, securely, comfortably, quickly, smoothly, orderly, and efficiently, especially roads in residential areas. Setting priorities for the road improvement program is the responsibility of the Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Land Affairs Office, which handles technical planning, development, arrangement, supervision, and control of development in residential areas. Recommendations for road proposals for the currently running improvement program, based on an assessment of their physical condition, are carried out by experts. This prioritization certainly takes a long time because experts have to compare the physical conditions of the roads one by one to make a decision. A decision support system is specifically designed for the decision-making process that can be applied in various aspects of the decision-making field. Recommendations for alternative roads in the road improvement program were analyzed using the SMART method to find alternatives with the highest preference value and the advantage that they can be used for all weighting techniques. Accuracy testing shows that the priority recommendation output presented by the application has an accuracy rate of 80%. This value is obtained by comparing the results of recommendations from experts.
道路是组织运输的基础设施,是人与物安全、安全、舒适、快速、顺畅、有序、高效到达目的地的交通流动场所,特别是居民区道路。确定道路改善计划的优先顺序是公共住房、定居地区和土地事务办公室的责任,该办公室负责处理住宅区开发的技术规划、开发、安排、监督和控制。专家根据对道路状况的评估,对目前正在运行的道路改善方案提出建议。这种优先排序肯定需要很长时间,因为专家们必须逐一比较道路的物理条件才能做出决定。决策支持系统是专门为决策过程设计的,可应用于决策领域的各个方面。使用SMART方法分析了道路改善计划中替代道路的建议,以找到具有最高偏好值的替代方案,并且它们可以用于所有加权技术的优势。准确率测试表明,应用程序给出的优先级推荐输出准确率为80%。这个值是通过比较专家建议的结果得到的。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Graduation for Students at the ISB Atma Luhur Faculty of Information Technology Using the C4.5 Algorithm 基于C4.5算法的ISB Atma Luhur信息技术学院学生毕业预测
Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1731
Ine Widyaningrum Mustama Putri, Rusdah Rusdah, Lis Suryadi, Dian Anubhakti
Higher Education is a level of education after secondary education which includes diploma programs, undergraduate programs, master programs, doctoral programs, professional programs, and specialist programs organized based on the culture of the Indonesian nation. Student graduation is one of the important factors to improve university accreditation. Students who graduate above 5 years and the number of students who drop out are important indicators in determining accreditation which then causes the difficulty of accrediting a college to rise. This research aims as an early warning for students who graduate on time and graduate late from the Faculty of Information Technology, Institute of Science and Business Atma Luhur using the C4.5 decision tree algorithm by implementing the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP- DM) method. The initial data of this research amounted to 1,015 which was taken through a query in the database of the Atma Luhur Institute of Science and Business. However, the data that will be used becomes 694 after preprocessing due to the large number of record contents that do not have a graduation year, with a total of 641 graduates graduating on time and 53 graduates graduating late. Based on the application of the model using the C4.5 decision tree algorithm and the Confusion Matrix method, the accuracy is 93.94%, Recall is 98.59%, and Precision is 95.03%. So it can be concluded that the C4.5 decision tree algorithm is the most effective algorithm for predicting student graduation, because it has a high level of accuracy.
高等教育是中等教育之后的教育水平,包括文凭课程、本科课程、硕士课程、博士课程、专业课程和基于印尼民族文化组织的专业课程。学生毕业是提高大学认证水平的重要因素之一。毕业5年以上的学生人数和辍学的学生人数是决定认证的重要指标,这会导致认证大学的难度上升。本研究旨在通过实施跨行业数据挖掘标准过程(CRISP- DM)方法,对Atma Luhur科学与商业学院信息技术学院按时毕业和迟毕业的学生使用C4.5决策树算法进行预警。这项研究的初始数据为1,015,这是通过对Atma Luhur科学与商业研究所数据库的查询获得的。但是,由于大量的记录内容没有毕业年份,预处理后使用的数据变成了694个,其中按时毕业的有641个,晚毕业的有53个。基于C4.5决策树算法和混淆矩阵方法的模型应用,准确率为93.94%,召回率为98.59%,精密度为95.03%。因此可以得出结论,C4.5决策树算法是最有效的预测学生毕业的算法,因为它具有很高的准确率。
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引用次数: 0
Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease with the C4.5 Algorithm Based on BPSO (Binary Particle Swarm Optimization) 基于双粒子群优化的C4.5算法早期检测阿尔茨海默病
Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1716
Anistya Rosyida, Theopilus Bayu Sasongko
Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease associated with memory loss, communication difficulties, mental health, thinking skills, and other psychological disorders that affect a person's daily activities. Alzheimer's disease is a disease that causes disability for people aged 70 years and over and is the seventh highest contributor to death in the world. However, until now there has not been found an effective treatment to cure Alzheimer's disease. Thus, early detection of Alzheimer's disease is very important so that sufferers of Alzheimer's disease can immediately receive intensive medical care so as to reduce the death rate from Alzheimer's disease. One method that can be used to detect Alzheimer's disease is by utilizing a machine learning algorithm model. The machine learning model in this study was carried out using the Decision Tree C4.5 algorithm classification method based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). The C4.5 Decision Tree algorithm is used to classify Alzheimer's disease, while the BPSO algorithm is used to perform feature selection. By performing feature selection with the BPSO algorithm, the results show that the BPSO algorithm can improve accuracy and can increase the performance of the C4.5 algorithm in the Alzheimer's disease classification process. The results of the accuracy of the C4.5 algorithm using the BPSO feature selection are greater, namely 98.2% compared to the C4.5 algorithm without BPSO feature selection, which is only 96.4%.
阿尔茨海默病是一种退行性疾病,与记忆丧失、沟通困难、精神健康、思维能力和其他影响人日常活动的心理障碍有关。阿尔茨海默病是一种导致70岁及以上老年人残疾的疾病,是世界上第七大死亡原因。然而,到目前为止,还没有发现一种有效的治疗阿尔茨海默病的方法。因此,早期发现阿尔茨海默病是非常重要的,使阿尔茨海默病患者能够立即得到重症监护,从而降低阿尔茨海默病的死亡率。一种可以用来检测阿尔茨海默病的方法是利用机器学习算法模型。本研究的机器学习模型采用基于二进制粒子群优化(BPSO)的决策树C4.5算法分类方法进行。采用C4.5决策树算法对阿尔茨海默病进行分类,采用BPSO算法进行特征选择。通过使用BPSO算法进行特征选择,结果表明BPSO算法在阿尔茨海默病分类过程中可以提高准确率,并且可以提高C4.5算法的性能。使用BPSO特征选择的C4.5算法的准确率为98.2%,而不使用BPSO特征选择的C4.5算法的准确率仅为96.4%。
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引用次数: 0
Emotion Mining User Review of the BRImo Mobile Banking Application Using the Decision Tree Algorithm 基于决策树算法的BRImo手机银行应用情感挖掘用户评论
Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1721
Debby Erce Sondakh, Raissa C Maringka, Ferlien P Ayorbaba, Joanne S. C. B. T. Mangi, Stenly Richard Pungus
As consumer transaction preferences shifted from analog to digital, banks were compelled to develop digital transactions in the form of mobile banking. Users of mobile banking provide feedback regarding the application's usability. The opinions of users can be emotive. Emotions influence what a person emits or applies. Emotions are the behavioral response of a person when he is happy or unhappy. Thus, the manifestation of a person's emotions, whether in the form of facial expressions, verbal communication, written text, or judgment, can be used as a source of information to aid in decision making. The objective of this study is to apply emotion mining to the analysis of user evaluations of the BRImo application, one of the three most popular platforms in Indonesia as of August 2022, with a total of 800,000 reviews on the Play Store. Emotion Mining can be used to analyze the four categories of emotions expressed by users in the comments section: happy, angry, sad, and afraid. According to BRImo user evaluations, the decision tree algorithm is used to categorize happy, sad, afraid, and angry feelings. Using a decision tree to manage large data category sets is effective. The obtained dataset included 2959 happy classes, 2196 sad classes, 387 angry classes, and 81 scared classes. According to the findings of the analysis, a significant number of users of the BRImo application express positive sentiments in their evaluations, which are indicative of happy emotions. The Decision Tree algorithm yields results with a performance specification of 84.5%, sensitivity of 85.5%, and precision of 84.4%.
随着消费者交易偏好从模拟转向数字,银行被迫以移动银行的形式开发数字交易。手机银行的用户提供了关于应用程序可用性的反馈。用户的意见可能是情绪化的。情绪影响一个人的言行。情绪是一个人在快乐或不快乐时的行为反应。因此,一个人的情绪的表现,无论是以面部表情、口头交流、书面文本还是判断的形式,都可以作为帮助决策的信息来源。本研究的目的是将情感挖掘应用于BRImo应用程序的用户评价分析。截至2022年8月,BRImo应用程序是印度尼西亚最受欢迎的三个平台之一,在Play Store上共有80万条评论。情感挖掘可以用来分析用户在评论区表达的四类情绪:高兴、生气、悲伤和害怕。根据BRImo用户的评价,使用决策树算法对快乐、悲伤、害怕和愤怒情绪进行分类。使用决策树来管理大型数据类别集是有效的。获得的数据集包括2959个快乐类、2196个悲伤类、387个愤怒类和81个恐惧类。根据分析的结果,相当多的BRImo应用程序用户在他们的评价中表达了积极的情绪,这表明了快乐的情绪。决策树算法的性能指标为84.5%,灵敏度为85.5%,精度为84.4%。
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引用次数: 0
IoT Botnet Detection Using Autoencoders and Decision Trees 使用自动编码器和决策树的物联网僵尸网络检测
Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1693
Susanto Susanto, M. Agus Syamsul Arifin, Harma Oktafia Lingga Wijaya
The use of IoT devices has grown rapidly, leading to an increase in cyber attacks that pose greater security and privacy threats than ever before. One such threat is botnet attacks on IoT devices. An IoT botnet is a group of Internet-connected IoT devices infected with malware and remotely controlled by an attacker. Machine learning techniques can be employed to detect botnet attacks. The use of machine learning-based detection methods has been shown to be effective in identifying cyber attacks. The performance of the detection system in machine learning can be improved by utilizing data reduction methods. The data reduction process in classification is used to overcome the problem of scalability and computation resources in the IoT. This paper proposes a detection system using the Autoencoder reduction method and the Decision tree classification method. The test results demonstrate that the Deep Autoencoder algorithm can reduce data and memory usage from 1.62 GB to 75.9 MB, while also improving the performance of decision tree classification, resulting in a high level of accuracy up to 100%. The Autoencoder approach in conjunction with the Decision Tree exhibits superior capabilities compared to previous studies.
物联网设备的使用迅速增长,导致网络攻击增加,构成比以往任何时候都更大的安全和隐私威胁。其中一个威胁是对物联网设备的僵尸网络攻击。物联网僵尸网络是一组被恶意软件感染并由攻击者远程控制的联网物联网设备。机器学习技术可以用来检测僵尸网络攻击。使用基于机器学习的检测方法已被证明在识别网络攻击方面是有效的。利用数据约简方法可以提高机器学习中检测系统的性能。分类中的数据约简过程用于克服物联网中可扩展性和计算资源的问题。本文提出了一种采用自编码器约简方法和决策树分类方法的检测系统。测试结果表明,Deep Autoencoder算法可以将数据和内存使用量从1.62 GB减少到75.9 MB,同时也提高了决策树分类的性能,准确率达到100%。与以前的研究相比,与决策树相结合的自动编码器方法显示出优越的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Image Restoration Using Deep Learning Based Image Completion 基于深度学习的图像补全图像恢复
Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.32736/sisfokom.v12i3.1699
Phie Chyan, Tri Saptadi
Digital images can experience various disturbances in acquisition and storage, one of which is a disturbance indicated by damage to certain areas of the image field and causes the loss of some of the information represented by the image. One of the ways to restore an image experiencing disturbances like this is with image completion technology. Image completion is an image restoration technology capable of filling in or completing missing or corrupted parts of an image. Various methods have been developed for this image completion, starting from those based on basic image processing to the latest relying on artificial intelligence algorithms. This study aims to develop and implement an image completion model based on deep learning with the transfer learning method from the completion.net architecture. Using the Facesrub training dataset consisting of a collection of unique facial photos allows the model to understand facial attributes better. Compared to conventional image completion based on image patches, the method developed in this study can perform image filling in image gaps with more realistic results. Based on visual tests conducted on respondents, the results obtained enable respondents to understand all the information represented by the restored image, similar to the original image.
数字图像在采集和存储过程中会遇到各种各样的干扰,其中一种干扰表现为图像场的某些区域受到破坏,导致图像所代表的一些信息丢失。恢复经历这种干扰的图像的方法之一是使用图像补全技术。图像补全是一种能够填充或完成图像缺失或损坏部分的图像恢复技术。从基于基本图像处理的方法到最新的依靠人工智能算法的方法,已经开发了各种方法来完成这种图像。本研究旨在利用completion.net架构的迁移学习方法,开发并实现基于深度学习的图像补全模型。使用由一组独特的面部照片组成的Facesrub训练数据集可以让模型更好地理解面部属性。与传统的基于图像补丁的图像补全方法相比,本研究方法可以对图像间隙进行图像填充,结果更加真实。通过对被调查者进行视觉测试,获得的结果使被调查者能够理解恢复图像所代表的所有信息,类似于原始图像。
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引用次数: 0
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