G. Simoneau, G. Hambrook, R. Bachschmidt, G. Harris
Assistive gait devices, such as walking frames, are used by individuals of all ages. Despite this wide utilization, very little is known about the biomechanical stresses sustained by the upper extremities when using these devices. The objective of this short chapter is to present a methodology used to quantify upper extremity joint loads during ambulation with a conventional walker. Data for a standard walking condition are also provided. The authors believe that this technology and knowledge will prove useful to improve the methods of use and the design of walkers. While the authors present data collected in an adult population, this technology can easily be transferred to the pediatric population.
{"title":"Quantifying upper extremity efforts when using a walking frame","authors":"G. Simoneau, G. Hambrook, R. Bachschmidt, G. Harris","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858900","url":null,"abstract":"Assistive gait devices, such as walking frames, are used by individuals of all ages. Despite this wide utilization, very little is known about the biomechanical stresses sustained by the upper extremities when using these devices. The objective of this short chapter is to present a methodology used to quantify upper extremity joint loads during ambulation with a conventional walker. Data for a standard walking condition are also provided. The authors believe that this technology and knowledge will prove useful to improve the methods of use and the design of walkers. While the authors present data collected in an adult population, this technology can easily be transferred to the pediatric population.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129066853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. B. Davis, Jon R Davids, G. Gorton, M. Aiona, N. Scarborough, D. Oeffinger, C. Tylkowski, Anita Bagley
In the mid-1990's, there was a rapid increase in the number of Motion Analysis Laboratories in the Shriners Hospitals for Children (SHC) system. The potential for multi-center collaboration in clinical research associated with this expansion was recognized. Since that time, the twelve laboratories within SHC have worked to define a minimum standardized gait analysis protocol for data collection and processing. This paper outlines that protocol and describes the systematic process that led to its development and current level of implementation.
{"title":"A minimum standardized gait analysis protocol: development and implementation by the Shriners Motion Analysis Laboratory network (SMALnet)","authors":"R. B. Davis, Jon R Davids, G. Gorton, M. Aiona, N. Scarborough, D. Oeffinger, C. Tylkowski, Anita Bagley","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858868","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-1990's, there was a rapid increase in the number of Motion Analysis Laboratories in the Shriners Hospitals for Children (SHC) system. The potential for multi-center collaboration in clinical research associated with this expansion was recognized. Since that time, the twelve laboratories within SHC have worked to define a minimum standardized gait analysis protocol for data collection and processing. This paper outlines that protocol and describes the systematic process that led to its development and current level of implementation.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131447302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology supporting human motion analysis has advanced dramatically and yet its clinical application has not grown at the same pace. The issue of its clinical value is related to the length of time it takes to do an interpretation, the cost, and the quality of the interpretation. Techniques from artificial intelligence such as neural networks and knowledge-based systems can help overcome these limitations. Here, the authors give an overview of these techniques and describe current research efforts that apply these techniques in the field of human motion analysis.
{"title":"Improving the efficacy of motion analysis as a clinical tool through artificial intelligence techniques","authors":"S. Simon, K. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858871","url":null,"abstract":"Technology supporting human motion analysis has advanced dramatically and yet its clinical application has not grown at the same pace. The issue of its clinical value is related to the length of time it takes to do an interpretation, the cost, and the quality of the interpretation. Techniques from artificial intelligence such as neural networks and knowledge-based systems can help overcome these limitations. Here, the authors give an overview of these techniques and describe current research efforts that apply these techniques in the field of human motion analysis.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131887965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muscle weakness is a major contributor to gait deformity in patients with cerebral palsy. Concern has been raised that lengthening muscles could exacerbate this weakness. Using the model described by Eames (1997) to measure muscle length, increase in muscle length was seen after Achilles tendon lengthening in 12 limbs of patients with cerebral palsy. Push-off power generation at the ankle increased rather than decreased. Appropriate lengthening of the gastrocnemius/soleus muscle can result in an increase in pushoff power as measured by gait analysis.
{"title":"Muscle length and force production in patients with cerebral palsy-the effects of tendon lengthening","authors":"M. Aiona","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858872","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle weakness is a major contributor to gait deformity in patients with cerebral palsy. Concern has been raised that lengthening muscles could exacerbate this weakness. Using the model described by Eames (1997) to measure muscle length, increase in muscle length was seen after Achilles tendon lengthening in 12 limbs of patients with cerebral palsy. Push-off power generation at the ankle increased rather than decreased. Appropriate lengthening of the gastrocnemius/soleus muscle can result in an increase in pushoff power as measured by gait analysis.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115784617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Stabelfeldt, M. B. Silver-Thorn, G. Harris, P. Smith, M. Timins
Previously created adult musculoskeletal models (MSMs) have provided insight into the underlying causes of specific gait abnormalities. Since these abnormalities are often diagnosed and treated in children with cerebral palsy, child-specific MSMs are needed. In this study, a child-specific MSM of the foot and ankle was created from existing magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of a child with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and equinovarus disorder. The bony contours of both limbs were digitized and converted into three-dimensional surface meshes. These meshes were used to create the MSM.
{"title":"Development of a pediatric musculoskeletal model of the foot and ankle","authors":"S. Stabelfeldt, M. B. Silver-Thorn, G. Harris, P. Smith, M. Timins","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858887","url":null,"abstract":"Previously created adult musculoskeletal models (MSMs) have provided insight into the underlying causes of specific gait abnormalities. Since these abnormalities are often diagnosed and treated in children with cerebral palsy, child-specific MSMs are needed. In this study, a child-specific MSM of the foot and ankle was created from existing magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of a child with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and equinovarus disorder. The bony contours of both limbs were digitized and converted into three-dimensional surface meshes. These meshes were used to create the MSM.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123656852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A common denominator between volumetric oxygen consumption (VO/sub 2/) and gait mechanical energy (E/sub g/) is velocity of gait (v). By measuring VO/sub 2/ and assessing E/sub g/ in a normal population over a range of velocities, a normal VO/sub 2/ to E/sub g/ relationship is established. In pathological gait, such as in cerebral palsy (CP), the degree of involvement (spasticity, motor control, weakness, co-contraction, and/or imbalance) can be approximated by comparing a given subject's VO/sub 2/ and E/sub g/ with such a normal curve.
{"title":"A comparison of volumetric oxygen consumption to gait mechanical energy in normal and pathological gait","authors":"S. Augsburger, C. Tylkowski","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858882","url":null,"abstract":"A common denominator between volumetric oxygen consumption (VO/sub 2/) and gait mechanical energy (E/sub g/) is velocity of gait (v). By measuring VO/sub 2/ and assessing E/sub g/ in a normal population over a range of velocities, a normal VO/sub 2/ to E/sub g/ relationship is established. In pathological gait, such as in cerebral palsy (CP), the degree of involvement (spasticity, motor control, weakness, co-contraction, and/or imbalance) can be approximated by comparing a given subject's VO/sub 2/ and E/sub g/ with such a normal curve.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131254871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bachwchmidt, G. Harris, J. Ackman, S. Hassani, M. Carter, A. Caudill, K. Reiners, W. Olson, P. Smith, J. Klein
Many children with cerebral palsy require walkers to achieve functional ambulation, yet little scientific study has been done to understand the mechanics of usage. The objective of this work was to provide a quantitative pilot comparison of ambulation with anterior and posterior walkers in children with cerebral palsy using temporal-spatial gait parameters and an upper extremity joint kinetics. Following informed consent, data were collected for nine children with spastic, diplegic cerebral palsy who were community ambulators and who routinely used posterior walkers. Results of the study showed increased double limb support time (24.3%-30.7%) with the anterior walker, increased walking speed (16.7%-21.4%) with the posterior walker. Elbow extensor and wrist flexor demands were greater with the anterior walker (-0.19 Nm/kg, 0.07 Nm/kg) than with the posterior walker (-0.06 Nm/kg, 0.02 Nm/kg). The methodology developed in this study appears to provide improved insight into the effect of upper extremity muscular demands in addition to the traditional lower extremity gait analysis, clinical evaluation, and energy expenditure assessment.
{"title":"Quantitative study of walker-assisted gait in children with cerebral palsy: anterior versus posterior walkers","authors":"R. Bachwchmidt, G. Harris, J. Ackman, S. Hassani, M. Carter, A. Caudill, K. Reiners, W. Olson, P. Smith, J. Klein","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858901","url":null,"abstract":"Many children with cerebral palsy require walkers to achieve functional ambulation, yet little scientific study has been done to understand the mechanics of usage. The objective of this work was to provide a quantitative pilot comparison of ambulation with anterior and posterior walkers in children with cerebral palsy using temporal-spatial gait parameters and an upper extremity joint kinetics. Following informed consent, data were collected for nine children with spastic, diplegic cerebral palsy who were community ambulators and who routinely used posterior walkers. Results of the study showed increased double limb support time (24.3%-30.7%) with the anterior walker, increased walking speed (16.7%-21.4%) with the posterior walker. Elbow extensor and wrist flexor demands were greater with the anterior walker (-0.19 Nm/kg, 0.07 Nm/kg) than with the posterior walker (-0.06 Nm/kg, 0.02 Nm/kg). The methodology developed in this study appears to provide improved insight into the effect of upper extremity muscular demands in addition to the traditional lower extremity gait analysis, clinical evaluation, and energy expenditure assessment.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121595136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamic Elastic Response prosthetic feet are designed to store energy in midstance and return a portion of that energy to assist the amputee with push-off. While dozens of designs exist, the literature has not developed a consensus understanding of foot function. Several methods are explored to determine prosthesis energy storage and return, including joint translational power, segmental power, and prosthesis instrumentation.
{"title":"Energy storage and return in dynamic elastic response prosthetic feet","authors":"M. Geil","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858885","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic Elastic Response prosthetic feet are designed to store energy in midstance and return a portion of that energy to assist the amputee with push-off. While dozens of designs exist, the literature has not developed a consensus understanding of foot function. Several methods are explored to determine prosthesis energy storage and return, including joint translational power, segmental power, and prosthesis instrumentation.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127695731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Buczek, James O. Sanders, M. C. Concha, K. Cooney
The authors believe to best answer questions brought to one by referring physicians, one needs to understand how ones' patients call upon their neural, muscular, and skeletal systems to walk across the room. Two theories are prominent in explaining the presence of anterior ground reaction forces (GRFs) needed to accelerate the body center-of-mass (COM) in the direction of progression. The first involves the posture of the body, i.e., the position of the COM forward of its base of support. The authors test this "falling COM model" by computer simulations of an inverted pendulum and find partial explanation for anterior GRFs. The second theory involves the use of mechanical power at the lower extremity joints to perform work on the body and cause changes in its mechanical energy. The authors demonstrate that these two theories complement each other, and both can be used to interpret movement strategies in pathological gait.
{"title":"Posture versus power: how does this patient move?","authors":"F. Buczek, James O. Sanders, M. C. Concha, K. Cooney","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858880","url":null,"abstract":"The authors believe to best answer questions brought to one by referring physicians, one needs to understand how ones' patients call upon their neural, muscular, and skeletal systems to walk across the room. Two theories are prominent in explaining the presence of anterior ground reaction forces (GRFs) needed to accelerate the body center-of-mass (COM) in the direction of progression. The first involves the posture of the body, i.e., the position of the COM forward of its base of support. The authors test this \"falling COM model\" by computer simulations of an inverted pendulum and find partial explanation for anterior GRFs. The second theory involves the use of mechanical power at the lower extremity joints to perform work on the body and cause changes in its mechanical energy. The authors demonstrate that these two theories complement each other, and both can be used to interpret movement strategies in pathological gait.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114257497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the delivery of healthcare services within society changes, new challenges and opportunities emerge. It is suggested that an opportunity is unfolding that could move motion analysis approaches into a new clinical practice paradigm. This involves taking advantage of emerging advances in information technologies and communications standards, and of upcoming societal investment in wireless and intelligent systems technologies. To effectively design systems that address clinical needs, certain barriers need to be overcome; strategies are suggested.
{"title":"Motion analysis and telerehabilitation: healthcare delivery standards and strategies for the new millennium","authors":"J. Winters","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858870","url":null,"abstract":"As the delivery of healthcare services within society changes, new challenges and opportunities emerge. It is suggested that an opportunity is unfolding that could move motion analysis approaches into a new clinical practice paradigm. This involves taking advantage of emerging advances in information technologies and communications standards, and of upcoming societal investment in wireless and intelligent systems technologies. To effectively design systems that address clinical needs, certain barriers need to be overcome; strategies are suggested.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115165318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：