Ambulation is a primary goal of most children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries (SCI). However, the vast majority of these patients who attempt to walk will have limited success. The author reviews the natural history of ambulation in the pediatric SCI population and discusses the various options and new interventions available. Preliminary results are presented on gait studies performed on 15 children and adolescents with SCI.
{"title":"Analysis of ambulation in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries","authors":"L. Vogel","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858879","url":null,"abstract":"Ambulation is a primary goal of most children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries (SCI). However, the vast majority of these patients who attempt to walk will have limited success. The author reviews the natural history of ambulation in the pediatric SCI population and discusses the various options and new interventions available. Preliminary results are presented on gait studies performed on 15 children and adolescents with SCI.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133558036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Normal foot and ankle motion has been quantitatively characterized using motion analysis method. A series of patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction have been evaluated, analyzed and compared to a database of normals using a dynamic foot and ankle motion analysis technique. The results can be used to confirm what is seen clinically as well as to evaluate the biomechanical consequences of both surgical and nonsurgical treatment.
{"title":"Foot/ankle motion analysis in patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction","authors":"C. Stroud, G. Harris, J. VanBogart, R. Marks","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858891","url":null,"abstract":"Normal foot and ankle motion has been quantitatively characterized using motion analysis method. A series of patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction have been evaluated, analyzed and compared to a database of normals using a dynamic foot and ankle motion analysis technique. The results can be used to confirm what is seen clinically as well as to evaluate the biomechanical consequences of both surgical and nonsurgical treatment.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133622238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advancements in camera design and software implementation have allowed a more detailed quantitative analysis of the pediatric foot and ankle using a passive marker system. This preliminary study reports on foot and ankle kinematics of seven normal children using an unconstrained, three-segment, rigid body model. Motion of the surface markers was indexed to the underlying bony anatomy using a series of clinical X-rays. A modified hindfoot radiograph was used for coronal alignment of the calcaneus. Kinematic foot segment data from the seven children is presented (3 trials per side) and averaged(n=42). There have been few reports in the literature on pediatric foot and ankle motion, however, the kinematics generally agree with those described in previous adult studies. The described system appears to be appropriate for further clinical study.
{"title":"Three dimensional motion analysis of the pediatric foot and ankle","authors":"P. Smith, J. Humm, S. Hassani, G. Harris","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858892","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in camera design and software implementation have allowed a more detailed quantitative analysis of the pediatric foot and ankle using a passive marker system. This preliminary study reports on foot and ankle kinematics of seven normal children using an unconstrained, three-segment, rigid body model. Motion of the surface markers was indexed to the underlying bony anatomy using a series of clinical X-rays. A modified hindfoot radiograph was used for coronal alignment of the calcaneus. Kinematic foot segment data from the seven children is presented (3 trials per side) and averaged(n=42). There have been few reports in the literature on pediatric foot and ankle motion, however, the kinematics generally agree with those described in previous adult studies. The described system appears to be appropriate for further clinical study.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114554241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-center research designs enhance patient recruitment, facilitate timely completion of the study and increase the generalizability of the study results. To establish a multi-center research project meticulous attention should be given to the study design, data quality, and coordination of participating centers. This paper outlines the background, and details the steps that we took to develop a multi-center research study utilizing Botulinum Toxin-A in the treatment of ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.
{"title":"Methodology for developing a multi-center clinical research study","authors":"S.S. Thomas, C. Buckon, B. S. Russman, J. Ackman","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858869","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-center research designs enhance patient recruitment, facilitate timely completion of the study and increase the generalizability of the study results. To establish a multi-center research project meticulous attention should be given to the study design, data quality, and coordination of participating centers. This paper outlines the background, and details the steps that we took to develop a multi-center research study utilizing Botulinum Toxin-A in the treatment of ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121981031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The roll-over shape of the foot/ankle complex is calculated as the transformation of center of pressure data into a shank-based coordinate system. Some qualitative characteristics of roll-over shapes are orientation, translation, radius of curvature, and length. Roll-over shapes may be useful in the design and alignment of prostheses and orthoses as well as in the development of walking models and theories.
{"title":"The determination of foot/ankle roll-over shape: clinical and research applications","authors":"Andrew H. Hansen, S. Gard, D. Childress","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858888","url":null,"abstract":"The roll-over shape of the foot/ankle complex is calculated as the transformation of center of pressure data into a shank-based coordinate system. Some qualitative characteristics of roll-over shapes are orientation, translation, radius of curvature, and length. Roll-over shapes may be useful in the design and alignment of prostheses and orthoses as well as in the development of walking models and theories.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127450198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors explore the clinical potential and technical limitations of dynamic electromyography (EMG) for the study of muscle function during gait. Dynamic EMG is often recorded with isolated electrodes, thus, providing only a limited picture of the overall muscular electrical activity. In addition, inherent problems such as cross-talk, due to the dispersion of electromyographic signals through tissue by volume conduction, can affect the accuracy of timing and quantification of dynamic EMG signals. Analyzing the functional significance of dynamic EMG activity can be clinically misleading when the data is contaminated by cross-talk or systematic errors due to instrumentation, electrode geometry and displacement. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the origin, acquisition, and analysis of dynamic EMG. A better understanding of dynamic EMG properties is essential for improved system design and clinical applications.
{"title":"Dynamic electromyography","authors":"M. Ferdjallah, K. Myers, A. Starsky, G. Harris","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858881","url":null,"abstract":"The authors explore the clinical potential and technical limitations of dynamic electromyography (EMG) for the study of muscle function during gait. Dynamic EMG is often recorded with isolated electrodes, thus, providing only a limited picture of the overall muscular electrical activity. In addition, inherent problems such as cross-talk, due to the dispersion of electromyographic signals through tissue by volume conduction, can affect the accuracy of timing and quantification of dynamic EMG signals. Analyzing the functional significance of dynamic EMG activity can be clinically misleading when the data is contaminated by cross-talk or systematic errors due to instrumentation, electrode geometry and displacement. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the origin, acquisition, and analysis of dynamic EMG. A better understanding of dynamic EMG properties is essential for improved system design and clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133864057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analyses of hand movement planar trajectories in paretic and contralateral arms of hemiparetic stroke patients indicate that there are disturbances in all phases of limb motion, including the initial movement direction, in mid-course trajectory, and in the terminal deceleration phase associated with movement termination. Analyses of movement kinematic and kinetic characteristics and of concurrent electromyograms suggest that trajectory disturbances are mediated by several deficits. These include disruption of spatial coordinate frameworks specifying motion direction, loss of internal models of limb mechanical behavior, and in some muscles, by inappropriate stretch reflex action in antagonist muscles.
{"title":"Mechanisms for disturbed motor coordination in stroke: an analysis of voluntary movement trajectories","authors":"W. Rymer, R. Beer","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858896","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses of hand movement planar trajectories in paretic and contralateral arms of hemiparetic stroke patients indicate that there are disturbances in all phases of limb motion, including the initial movement direction, in mid-course trajectory, and in the terminal deceleration phase associated with movement termination. Analyses of movement kinematic and kinetic characteristics and of concurrent electromyograms suggest that trajectory disturbances are mediated by several deficits. These include disruption of spatial coordinate frameworks specifying motion direction, loss of internal models of limb mechanical behavior, and in some muscles, by inappropriate stretch reflex action in antagonist muscles.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"28 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121008649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Conley, K. Tulchin, G. Harris, P. Smith, J. Humm, S. Hassani
The field of pediatric sports medicine has grown dramatically with the widespread participation of children in physical fitness and club sports activities in the United States. The use of three-dimensional (3-D) automated motion analysis in pediatric sports has become a focus of increased interest and research potential. This work addresses an overview of the activities and frequent injury patterns seen in the pediatric sports population. The objective of the article is to identify common pediatric sports activities that have the potential for study with motion analysis techniques.
{"title":"Pediatric sports medicine: an evolution of applications of motion analysis","authors":"R. Conley, K. Tulchin, G. Harris, P. Smith, J. Humm, S. Hassani","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858883","url":null,"abstract":"The field of pediatric sports medicine has grown dramatically with the widespread participation of children in physical fitness and club sports activities in the United States. The use of three-dimensional (3-D) automated motion analysis in pediatric sports has become a focus of increased interest and research potential. This work addresses an overview of the activities and frequent injury patterns seen in the pediatric sports population. The objective of the article is to identify common pediatric sports activities that have the potential for study with motion analysis techniques.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127480909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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