Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a common childhood rheumatic disease that has the potential for long-lasting consequences related to physical and social disability. New information on the treatment of juvenile arthritis emphasizes aggressive control of arthritis through a comprehensive approach including medication, individualized exercise, aerobic conditioning programs, pain management techniques, and the maintenance of age-appropriate function and development. Further advances in our understanding of arthritis-related impairments and their effects on functional capacity and disability are necessary before we can validate the use of new rehabilitation modalities. Gait analysis is an important assessment of function which can be useful in evaluation and treatment. This knowledge will hopefully contribute to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in JRA.
{"title":"Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: clinical aspects and new rehabilitation treatment options","authors":"M. Urban, J. Olson, J. Vega, G. Harris","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858874","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a common childhood rheumatic disease that has the potential for long-lasting consequences related to physical and social disability. New information on the treatment of juvenile arthritis emphasizes aggressive control of arthritis through a comprehensive approach including medication, individualized exercise, aerobic conditioning programs, pain management techniques, and the maintenance of age-appropriate function and development. Further advances in our understanding of arthritis-related impairments and their effects on functional capacity and disability are necessary before we can validate the use of new rehabilitation modalities. Gait analysis is an important assessment of function which can be useful in evaluation and treatment. This knowledge will hopefully contribute to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in JRA.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116365172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an emerging modality for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy. Early evidence has demonstrated improvements in strength, range of motion and motor control, with the use of NMES. Well designed prospective clinical trials will be needed to determine the role of NMES in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy.
{"title":"The use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy","authors":"James J. McCarthy, Richard L. Finson, R. R. Betz","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858873","url":null,"abstract":"The use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an emerging modality for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy. Early evidence has demonstrated improvements in strength, range of motion and motor control, with the use of NMES. Well designed prospective clinical trials will be needed to determine the role of NMES in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128357271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the hypothesis that toe-walking offers certain advantages for people with upper motor neuron related impairments, the authors performed biomechanical comparisons of toe- vs. heel-toe walking in non-disabled subjects. Using traditional joint biomechanical analysis, the authors showed that toe-walking is associated with less net peak torque and power at the ankle and knee implying that less distal strength is needed to toe-walk. They also found, utilizing linear power analysis, that the lower limb can deliver power to the upper-body as effectively in toe-walking as in heel-toe walking.
{"title":"Toe-walking: new perspectives","authors":"D. Kerrigan, P. Riley, L. Nolan","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858875","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the hypothesis that toe-walking offers certain advantages for people with upper motor neuron related impairments, the authors performed biomechanical comparisons of toe- vs. heel-toe walking in non-disabled subjects. Using traditional joint biomechanical analysis, the authors showed that toe-walking is associated with less net peak torque and power at the ankle and knee implying that less distal strength is needed to toe-walk. They also found, utilizing linear power analysis, that the lower limb can deliver power to the upper-body as effectively in toe-walking as in heel-toe walking.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126259561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kinematic analysis of the upper extremity has been conducted using a wide variety of techniques, philosophies, and analytic methods. The authors propose a simple, surface marker model, using three-dimensional video recording, that borrows concepts from lower extremity kinematic analysis. A sequential order about orthogonal axes is described (Eulerian) to generate sagittal, coronal and transverse plane motion. The technique is applied to a child with brachial plexus birth palsy pre- and postoperatively.
{"title":"A method for 3D analysis of upper extremity kinematics applied to a case study of brachial plexus birth palsy","authors":"G. Rab, K. Petuskey, A. Bagley","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858899","url":null,"abstract":"Kinematic analysis of the upper extremity has been conducted using a wide variety of techniques, philosophies, and analytic methods. The authors propose a simple, surface marker model, using three-dimensional video recording, that borrows concepts from lower extremity kinematic analysis. A sequential order about orthogonal axes is described (Eulerian) to generate sagittal, coronal and transverse plane motion. The technique is applied to a child with brachial plexus birth palsy pre- and postoperatively.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116073042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamic measurement of the distribution and magnitudes of plantar pressure during gait can give useful insight into the functional manifestations of foot disorders. This article overviews types of measurement systems, measurement protocols and data analysis techniques used in a clinical setting. The aim of the analyses is documentation and objective measurement to be used to track patient outcomes. An example of the planovalgus foot studied prior to and after calcaneal lengthening is used to demonstrate some of the methods.
{"title":"Clinical applications of plantar pressure measurement in pediatric orthopedics","authors":"Bruce A. MacWilliams, Peter F. Armstrong","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858886","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic measurement of the distribution and magnitudes of plantar pressure during gait can give useful insight into the functional manifestations of foot disorders. This article overviews types of measurement systems, measurement protocols and data analysis techniques used in a clinical setting. The aim of the analyses is documentation and objective measurement to be used to track patient outcomes. An example of the planovalgus foot studied prior to and after calcaneal lengthening is used to demonstrate some of the methods.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120969467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter is designed to provide a summary background and introduction to the condition known as Osteogenesis Imperfecta, or OI. Included is an introductory desciption of this group of connective tissue diseases including classification and physiology. The section on clinical manifestations addressed the effects of OI on stature and anthropometry and includes a brief description of dentinogenesis imperfecta, spinal deformities, and soft tissue disorders. The treatment section addresses rodding, bracing, drug therapy, and gene therapy. Because of the importance of mobility in restoring function, special emphasis is placed on current knowledge regarding mobility concepts in OI. Sample gait data from a patient with OI is included to introduce concepts of quantitative motion analysis in understanding more fully the ambulatory kinetics of OI.
{"title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta: physiology, manifestations, mobility and treatment","authors":"J. Long, H. Rhode, P. Smith, G. Harris","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858884","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is designed to provide a summary background and introduction to the condition known as Osteogenesis Imperfecta, or OI. Included is an introductory desciption of this group of connective tissue diseases including classification and physiology. The section on clinical manifestations addressed the effects of OI on stature and anthropometry and includes a brief description of dentinogenesis imperfecta, spinal deformities, and soft tissue disorders. The treatment section addresses rodding, bracing, drug therapy, and gene therapy. Because of the importance of mobility in restoring function, special emphasis is placed on current knowledge regarding mobility concepts in OI. Sample gait data from a patient with OI is included to introduce concepts of quantitative motion analysis in understanding more fully the ambulatory kinetics of OI.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121787683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optoelectronic assessment of standing posture can be a useful, noninvasive technique in the evaluation of scoliosis. This paper describes a simple, graphical technique to illustrate the changes in coronal and transverse plane alignment of the trunk with respect to the pelvis following surgical instrumentation of scoliosis.
{"title":"Assessment of the standing posture of patients with scoliosis using optoelectronic measurement techniques","authors":"G. Gorton, P. Masso","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858878","url":null,"abstract":"Optoelectronic assessment of standing posture can be a useful, noninvasive technique in the evaluation of scoliosis. This paper describes a simple, graphical technique to illustrate the changes in coronal and transverse plane alignment of the trunk with respect to the pelvis following surgical instrumentation of scoliosis.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128991837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lower limb orthoses are an integral part of the rehabilitative medical management of children. Properly prescribed orthoses are essential to maximize the effectiveness of a brace and a patient's ambulatory function. Orthoses can be viewed in a similar light to a pharmacological intervention in the sense that they may have undesirable systemic side effects. A more global perspective of the effects of brace interactions with the entire body is necessary to match patients' needs and abilities with the function provided by orthoses while minimizing undesirable effects. Savvy clinicians can make use of technology to assist in the realization of these goals. Computer modeling and analysis can help in visualizing the highly coupled effects of body segment interactions and thus in clarifying the mechanisms by which braces work and how the body adapts to the orthotic application. This paper presents a brief introduction to developing analytical tools and research efforts making inroads in these areas.
{"title":"The effect of orthoses on gait: an integrated biomechanical perspective","authors":"A. Esquenazi, M. Talaty","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858876","url":null,"abstract":"Lower limb orthoses are an integral part of the rehabilitative medical management of children. Properly prescribed orthoses are essential to maximize the effectiveness of a brace and a patient's ambulatory function. Orthoses can be viewed in a similar light to a pharmacological intervention in the sense that they may have undesirable systemic side effects. A more global perspective of the effects of brace interactions with the entire body is necessary to match patients' needs and abilities with the function provided by orthoses while minimizing undesirable effects. Savvy clinicians can make use of technology to assist in the realization of these goals. Computer modeling and analysis can help in visualizing the highly coupled effects of body segment interactions and thus in clarifying the mechanisms by which braces work and how the body adapts to the orthotic application. This paper presents a brief introduction to developing analytical tools and research efforts making inroads in these areas.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129804618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ferdjallah, G. Harris, P. Smith, S. Hassani, P. Johnson, K. Reiners
The assessment of postural control is critical to a more accurate understanding of balance disorders. However, despite the extensive and interdisciplinary research, postural stability still has limited clinical applications because of the complex interactions among the body systems that controls balance. This article presents an overview of recent signal analysis and modeling techniques of postural control with clinical application in orthotics management and assessment. The center of mass (COM) and the center of pressure (COP) metrics have been shown to be suitable measures of body sway and its control strategies. The quantification and analysis of these variables is described for ankle inversion/eversion and ankle plantar/dorsiflexion control mechanisms.
{"title":"Postural stability assessment and orthotics","authors":"M. Ferdjallah, G. Harris, P. Smith, S. Hassani, P. Johnson, K. Reiners","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858877","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of postural control is critical to a more accurate understanding of balance disorders. However, despite the extensive and interdisciplinary research, postural stability still has limited clinical applications because of the complex interactions among the body systems that controls balance. This article presents an overview of recent signal analysis and modeling techniques of postural control with clinical application in orthotics management and assessment. The center of mass (COM) and the center of pressure (COP) metrics have been shown to be suitable measures of body sway and its control strategies. The quantification and analysis of these variables is described for ankle inversion/eversion and ankle plantar/dorsiflexion control mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122575981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarsal coalition is a congenital foot anomaly seen in childhood. It results in a rigid flatfoot deformity. Radiographic studies are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Characterization of this foot deformity during normal gait was done using the Emed plantar pressure system (Novel Electronics Inc, St Paul, USA). The hindfoot demonstrated higher than normal peak pressure and increased peak pressure on the third metatarsal area with an increased plantar contact area on the midfoot. The center of pressure line had a normal trajectory.
跗骨联合是一种先天性足畸形，见于儿童时期。它会导致僵硬的扁平足畸形。需要影像学检查来确认诊断。使用Emed足底压力系统(Novel Electronics Inc .， St Paul, USA)对正常步态下的足部畸形进行表征。后脚表现出高于正常的峰值压力，第三跖区的峰值压力增加，中足的足底接触面积增加。压力线中心有一个正常的轨迹。
{"title":"Dynamic plantar pressure measurements in children with tarsal coalition","authors":"R. Lyon, X.C. Liu","doi":"10.1109/PG.2000.858894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PG.2000.858894","url":null,"abstract":"Tarsal coalition is a congenital foot anomaly seen in childhood. It results in a rigid flatfoot deformity. Radiographic studies are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Characterization of this foot deformity during normal gait was done using the Emed plantar pressure system (Novel Electronics Inc, St Paul, USA). The hindfoot demonstrated higher than normal peak pressure and increased peak pressure on the third metatarsal area with an increased plantar contact area on the midfoot. The center of pressure line had a normal trajectory.","PeriodicalId":343260,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Gait: A New Millennium in Clinical Care and Motion Analysis Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115116912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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