Acta Medica Lituanica最新文献

Background: Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary cause for development of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, however, only a small percentage of women progress to cervical cancer. The local immune response, determined, among other factors, by Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) genes, is thought to be significant. Still the results of genome studies are inconsistent and differ between ethnical populations. The aim of the study was to assess an association between HLA-DQA1*; DQB1*; DRB1* allele's genetic variants between women with cervical precancerous lesions and healthy controls in Latvia.

Materials and methods: From January until April 2017 we enrolled 84 consecutive patients referred for colposcopy to Riga East University Hospital (Latvia) due to abnormal cervical cytology results. 57 women who came for a regular check-up and had normal cytology smears were included in the control group. Material from the cervix was taken for subsequent HLA genotyping of 13 DRB1*, 8 DQA1*, and 12 DQB1* alleles. Colposcopy was performed on all participants. In case of visual suspicion for CIN cervical biopsy was done.

Results: There were 57 "no CIN" patients, 23 histologically proven CIN 1 and 61 CIN2+ cases in the study population. CIN2+ was more often associated with DQA1*0401 (OR 6.68, 95% CI 1.47-30.29, p=0.014), DRB*15 (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.22-7.39, p=0.017), DQB1*0401 (OR 2.91, 95%CI 1.11-7.68, p=0.03), DQA1*0103 (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.02-7.21, p=0.045), DRB1*11 (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.10-5.33, p=0.029) and DQB1*0301 (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12-3.38, p=0.018). Women with "no CIN" more often had DQB1*0501 (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.81, p=0.026), DRB1*16 (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.78, p=0.019), DQA1*0301 (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.87, p=0.024) and DRB1*14 (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.01-0.46, p=0.007).

Conclusions: In the current study we have demonstrated a strong association with risk and protective HLA class II alleles that are determined by the HLA-DRB1*; DQA1*; DQB1*.

Background: There is strong evidence that alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor for fatal road traffic accidents. It is estimated that the number of alcohol-related road accidents remains high in the past few years in Lithuania. This study aims to examine the prevalence of alcohol in blood samples collected from the autopsy results of road traffic accident victims.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 136 road traffic accident victims was performed in State Forensic Medicine Service of Lithuania in the period of 2013 to 2023. We analyzed blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in relation to sex, age, road user type, place and time of the day at death.

Results: 31% of the victims were under influence of alcohol at the time of death, with mean BAC 1.99 ± 0.92‰. The mean BAC was 2.16 ± 0.8‰ in male and 1.18 ± 1.12‰ in female group. By the type of road users, 23% of the pedestrians (mean BAC 2.45 ± 0.71‰), 32% of car drivers (mean BAC 2.13 ± 0.75‰), 41% of vehicle passengers (mean BAC of 1.73 ± 1.19‰), 37% of the motorcycle riders (mean BAC of 1.28 ± 0.53‰), 37% of the cyclists (mean BAC of 1.15 ± 0.75‰) were found to be intoxicated during the time of accident. Highest mean blood alcohol concentration was found during the night time hours (9 p. m. - 5 a. m.) 2.28 ± 0.91, comparing to in afternoon hours (12 p. m. - 5 p. m.) 1.49 ± 0.99, evening hours (5 p. m. - 9 p. m.) 2.10 ± 0.73 and morning hours (5 a. m. - 12 p. m.) 1.94 ± 1.00. The mean BAC in road traffic accidents during summer was 1.48 ± 0.71‰, spring 2.25 ± 0.76‰, autumn 2.12 ± 1‰, winter 2.42 ± 1‰.

Conclusions: Alcohol consumption by road users is a significant contributing factor in road traffic accidents and their outcomes in Lithuania.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may affect organs outside the intestines, it is called extraintestinal manifestations of IBD. Data on the prevalence of mu-cocutaneous manifestations in IBD patients are very limited, therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of skin and mucosal lesions and to determine the relationship with demographic factors, clinical features, and systemic treatment.

Materials and methods: Prospective study included 162 out-patients with IBD who were managed in the tertiary care center. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was diagnosed in 117 patients, Crohn's disease (CD) in 45. Patients completed the questionnaire containing demographic and IBD data, questions about mucocutaneous lesions (in past or present state).

Results: Overall mucocutaneous lesions were reported by 48.1% of IBD patients. Skin lesions were reported by 40.7% of patients, oral mucosal lesions were reported by 16.7%, without significant differences between sexes or IBD types. In 47 (29%) of patients, skin lesions appeared together with IBD or during the course of the disease. The most common skin lesions were psoriasis (8.0%), erythema nodosum (5.6%), pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (3.7% each). UC patients mostly reported about psoriasis (9.4%), while CD patients about erythema nodosum (11.1%). There were more frequent skin lesions in patients with more extensive UC type (p = 0.01), while no difference was noticed between different types of CD. The average duration of IBD in patients with skin lesions was similar to those without lesions (9.3±6.7 vs. 9.4±6.7 years).

Conclusions: Mucocutaneous lesions were reported by 48.1% of inflammatory bowel disease patients. The frequency of mucocutaneous lesions does not differ significantly between UC and CD, and a longer duration of illness is not a predictive factor for the appearance of lesions. More extensive UC is related to higher frequency of skin lesions.