Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021210
E. Yavuz, S. Kuzu, A. Saral
Abstract — Particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), which is one of the most important pollutants in the atmosphere, has serious effects on both human health and the environment. Air quality monitoring stations may not accurately represent pollutant gradients in a city due to the large spatial variability of these pollutants in urban environments, especially for traffic-related air pollutants such as PM 2.5 . Recently, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in air quality applications is a new popular approach that is believed to overcome several limitations of existing methods. In this study, the vertical distribution of PM 2.5 and PM 10 pollutants and the variation of meteorological parameters including temperature, relative humidity, and pressure were investigated in an urban area of Istanbul using low-cost sensors mounted on a UAV. Three field experiments were conducted on August 20, August 25, and September 3, 2021 using two different laser PM sensors, GROVE HM3301 and NOVA SDS011. The data was collected every 10 meters, with a 30-second hover, ranging in height from ground level to 100 m and the results were averaged for each altitude. According to the GROVE HM3301 and NOVA SDS011 measurement results at 100 m, PM 10 concentrations decreased by about 15.5% and 9.4%, while PM 2.5 concentrations decreased by about 11.1% and 0.8%, respectively. The GROVE HM3301 PM 10 and PM 2.5 measurement concentrations were found to be closer to each other, and the NOVA SDS011 particle sensor provided more sensitive measurement results. All the peak PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations were found at the ground level except for the NOVA SDS011 PM 2.5 measurement results, where the maximum PM 2.5 concentration was observed at 80 m altitude. Temperature, pressure, and relative humidity were found to be negatively correlated with
{"title":"Investigation of Vertical Particulate Matter Distribution using Low-cost Sensors in Istanbul, Turkey","authors":"E. Yavuz, S. Kuzu, A. Saral","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021210","url":null,"abstract":" Abstract — Particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), which is one of the most important pollutants in the atmosphere, has serious effects on both human health and the environment. Air quality monitoring stations may not accurately represent pollutant gradients in a city due to the large spatial variability of these pollutants in urban environments, especially for traffic-related air pollutants such as PM 2.5 . Recently, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in air quality applications is a new popular approach that is believed to overcome several limitations of existing methods. In this study, the vertical distribution of PM 2.5 and PM 10 pollutants and the variation of meteorological parameters including temperature, relative humidity, and pressure were investigated in an urban area of Istanbul using low-cost sensors mounted on a UAV. Three field experiments were conducted on August 20, August 25, and September 3, 2021 using two different laser PM sensors, GROVE HM3301 and NOVA SDS011. The data was collected every 10 meters, with a 30-second hover, ranging in height from ground level to 100 m and the results were averaged for each altitude. According to the GROVE HM3301 and NOVA SDS011 measurement results at 100 m, PM 10 concentrations decreased by about 15.5% and 9.4%, while PM 2.5 concentrations decreased by about 11.1% and 0.8%, respectively. The GROVE HM3301 PM 10 and PM 2.5 measurement concentrations were found to be closer to each other, and the NOVA SDS011 particle sensor provided more sensitive measurement results. All the peak PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations were found at the ground level except for the NOVA SDS011 PM 2.5 measurement results, where the maximum PM 2.5 concentration was observed at 80 m altitude. Temperature, pressure, and relative humidity were found to be negatively correlated with","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85623025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021412
A. Babii
Abstract — The rapid evolution of technology determined a wide accessibility of the Internet. From using Internet only for work to using it almost at every hour this tool is now as an extension of our brain. This favored changes in our mind as: shortage of our attention, loss of focus, skimmed reading and a constant desire for instant gratification. One of the unfortunate consequences is that people do not have patience to read a long text anymore. We know that online texts have to be in short paragraphs, with bold keywords and with a lot of images nearby in order for them to be taken into account by users, but there is a phenomenon that is more severe than that. More and more people are reading only the title of a text and they think they have the sufficient information. We discuss about a tyranny of the title, of which media and advertisers are taking advantage. By creating a title that seems to tell all the story and attaching a photo to it (that it can even not be real), these entities mislead the readers and make them believe that they are informed and that they understood the story. This paper’s aim is to present a corpus analysis of the comments of newspapers’ news on social networks and prove that most of them are not connected to the content of the article. In the same time, we try to find explanation for this dangerous behavior that affects people’s critical
{"title":"The Domination of the Title: Killing Critical Thinking before it’s Born","authors":"A. Babii","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021412","url":null,"abstract":" Abstract — The rapid evolution of technology determined a wide accessibility of the Internet. From using Internet only for work to using it almost at every hour this tool is now as an extension of our brain. This favored changes in our mind as: shortage of our attention, loss of focus, skimmed reading and a constant desire for instant gratification. One of the unfortunate consequences is that people do not have patience to read a long text anymore. We know that online texts have to be in short paragraphs, with bold keywords and with a lot of images nearby in order for them to be taken into account by users, but there is a phenomenon that is more severe than that. More and more people are reading only the title of a text and they think they have the sufficient information. We discuss about a tyranny of the title, of which media and advertisers are taking advantage. By creating a title that seems to tell all the story and attaching a photo to it (that it can even not be real), these entities mislead the readers and make them believe that they are informed and that they understood the story. This paper’s aim is to present a corpus analysis of the comments of newspapers’ news on social networks and prove that most of them are not connected to the content of the article. In the same time, we try to find explanation for this dangerous behavior that affects people’s critical","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87684817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021413
Mădălina Căpraru
Abstract — An element of identity that reflects the local origin, the social and civil status, the economic power and ethnicity, the Romanian blouse called `ie` was the identity card of every Romanian woman. It was sewn in secret and it represented one of the most important elements of the traditional attire. While realizing one’s blouse, the woman knew that the outcome would not only talk about her origin and social standing, the blouse being also a representation of the wearer as a whole. By looking at the way a blouse was made, one would know if the girl was going to be a diligent, hard-working wife or a lazy one. So, no matter the financial prowess of one’s family, every household had to have handsewn festive clothing for both the men and women. Before the industrialization period, the entire process of crafting the clothes, including the blouse was placed in the intimacy of the household, but as the technology and industrialization advanced, the textile related practices ceased to be created only in the home and the people have started to change, simplify or give up entirely on the Romanian blouse. Given these changes, I have chosen to study the evolution of the Romanian blouse in the XXIst century. While studying the evolution of the Romanian blouse, I have encountered a group of people that recreate it today’s age by the authentic and traditional standards, as much as the technology and materials allow them to. To describe the people prom this group, I will use the term „rejuvenator”. In this article I will present not necessarily the evolution of the blouse, but the evolution of those involved in creating it. Once belonging to every peasant woman, the blouse, the authentic one, now belongs to a much narrower group of a different cultural, social and economic standing. The results emerged after analyzing a number of 16 in-depth interviews conducted with the „rejuventaors”. The analysis was conducted through a grounded theory methodologic perspective through the help
{"title":"The Traditional Romanian Blouse - from Peasants Clothing to Today’s Urban Closet","authors":"Mădălina Căpraru","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021413","url":null,"abstract":" Abstract — An element of identity that reflects the local origin, the social and civil status, the economic power and ethnicity, the Romanian blouse called `ie` was the identity card of every Romanian woman. It was sewn in secret and it represented one of the most important elements of the traditional attire. While realizing one’s blouse, the woman knew that the outcome would not only talk about her origin and social standing, the blouse being also a representation of the wearer as a whole. By looking at the way a blouse was made, one would know if the girl was going to be a diligent, hard-working wife or a lazy one. So, no matter the financial prowess of one’s family, every household had to have handsewn festive clothing for both the men and women. Before the industrialization period, the entire process of crafting the clothes, including the blouse was placed in the intimacy of the household, but as the technology and industrialization advanced, the textile related practices ceased to be created only in the home and the people have started to change, simplify or give up entirely on the Romanian blouse. Given these changes, I have chosen to study the evolution of the Romanian blouse in the XXIst century. While studying the evolution of the Romanian blouse, I have encountered a group of people that recreate it today’s age by the authentic and traditional standards, as much as the technology and materials allow them to. To describe the people prom this group, I will use the term „rejuvenator”. In this article I will present not necessarily the evolution of the blouse, but the evolution of those involved in creating it. Once belonging to every peasant woman, the blouse, the authentic one, now belongs to a much narrower group of a different cultural, social and economic standing. The results emerged after analyzing a number of 16 in-depth interviews conducted with the „rejuventaors”. The analysis was conducted through a grounded theory methodologic perspective through the help","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80312913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021112
Y. Gündoğdu, Serap Yġğġt Gezgġn
— In this study, ZnO as the group II-VI materials and Au noble metal synthesized by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method in ethanol medium based on laser parameters. Laser ablation method applied on ZnO, Au and ZnO/Au high purity bulk materials to produce nanoparticles which have been carried out using Ti:Sapphire femtosecond (fs) laser system. Linear absorption spectra were recorded using Uv-Vis spectrometer and surface plasmon resonance have been observed between 520 nm and 540 nm wavelengths. The nonlinear optical properties for ZnO, Au and ZnO/Au nanoparticles have been determined by using a z-scan experimental system using an open&closed aperture results and third order susceptibilities have been calculated. The calculated results for nanoparticles produced in ethanol medium, the nonlinear absorption coefficient, β , (~10 -11 cm/W), the nonlinear refraction coefficient, n 2 (~ 10 -16 cm 2 /W) and third order susceptibilities , χ (3) , (~ 10 -14 esu) for each of ZnO, Au and ZnO/Au nanoparticles have been presented in this work and it has been concluded that the results obtained are all in agreement with data reported in literature .
{"title":"Effect of Laser Ablation Parameters on Nonlinear Optical Properties of ZnO/Au Nanoparticles","authors":"Y. Gündoğdu, Serap Yġğġt Gezgġn","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021112","url":null,"abstract":"— In this study, ZnO as the group II-VI materials and Au noble metal synthesized by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method in ethanol medium based on laser parameters. Laser ablation method applied on ZnO, Au and ZnO/Au high purity bulk materials to produce nanoparticles which have been carried out using Ti:Sapphire femtosecond (fs) laser system. Linear absorption spectra were recorded using Uv-Vis spectrometer and surface plasmon resonance have been observed between 520 nm and 540 nm wavelengths. The nonlinear optical properties for ZnO, Au and ZnO/Au nanoparticles have been determined by using a z-scan experimental system using an open&closed aperture results and third order susceptibilities have been calculated. The calculated results for nanoparticles produced in ethanol medium, the nonlinear absorption coefficient, β , (~10 -11 cm/W), the nonlinear refraction coefficient, n 2 (~ 10 -16 cm 2 /W) and third order susceptibilities , χ (3) , (~ 10 -14 esu) for each of ZnO, Au and ZnO/Au nanoparticles have been presented in this work and it has been concluded that the results obtained are all in agreement with data reported in literature .","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79420287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021110
Serap Yġğġt Gezgġn, Y. Gündoğdu, Hamdi ġükür Kiliç
We have produced an Ag/CIGS/n-Si/Al heterojunction solar cell for this study. CIGS ultrathin film grown by PLD system have been examined in terms of the morphology, crystalline and optical properties. The crystalline size of CIGS ultrathin film, which has a single crystal structure, has been calculated by Scherrer equation. Micro strain and dislocation density of CIGS ultrathin films have been determined. Indium-rich CIGS ultrathin film’s stoichiometric transfer was deviated by a little. J-V curves of CIGS/n-Si solar cell and its electrical properties have been investigated as well as determined for the darkness and illumination environments. The ideality factor, serial resistance and barrier height of the solar cell were calculated using the conventional J-V, Norde and Cheung-Cheung methods. The electrical parameters of CIGS solar cells have also been investigated for both environments and the results have been discussed in this study. Keywords—CIGS ultrathin film, PLD, solar cell, heterojunction,
{"title":"Investigation of Electrical Properties of CIGS/n-Si Heterojunction Solar Cell in Darkness and Light Environments","authors":"Serap Yġğġt Gezgġn, Y. Gündoğdu, Hamdi ġükür Kiliç","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021110","url":null,"abstract":"We have produced an Ag/CIGS/n-Si/Al heterojunction solar cell for this study. CIGS ultrathin film grown by PLD system have been examined in terms of the morphology, crystalline and optical properties. The crystalline size of CIGS ultrathin film, which has a single crystal structure, has been calculated by Scherrer equation. Micro strain and dislocation density of CIGS ultrathin films have been determined. Indium-rich CIGS ultrathin film’s stoichiometric transfer was deviated by a little. J-V curves of CIGS/n-Si solar cell and its electrical properties have been investigated as well as determined for the darkness and illumination environments. The ideality factor, serial resistance and barrier height of the solar cell were calculated using the conventional J-V, Norde and Cheung-Cheung methods. The electrical parameters of CIGS solar cells have also been investigated for both environments and the results have been discussed in this study. Keywords—CIGS ultrathin film, PLD, solar cell, heterojunction,","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74226111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021117
{"title":"Cu2SnS3 (CTS) Nanoparticle Production with Laser Ablation Method and Nonlinear Optical Properties","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90693868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021115
{"title":"Determination of the Morphological, Optical and Crystalline Properties of ZnO Thin Film Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73207190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021208
Sari Erkan, G. Engin
Abstract — In this study, the distribution, type, size and color of microplastics (MPs) in 9 stream mouths pouring into the Marmara Sea were investigated. Both sea surface water and deep sea sediment samples were collected to determine MP abundance at these stream (STR) stations. According to the results obtained, the spatial distribution of microplastics was determined. Higher MP abundance has been detected at the mouths of rivers where anthropogenic and industrial activities are intense. While the highest MP content was found in STR-3 (Ayamama Stream) in sea surface samples, STR-6 (Kağıthane Stream) was the station where the highest MPs were observed in deep sediment samples. On the other hand, while fragments were dominant type MPs in sea surface samples, filament type MPs were dominant in deep sea microplastics
{"title":"Microplastic Abundance in the Mouths of Rivers and Streams Reaching the Marmara Sea and the Bosphorus","authors":"Sari Erkan, G. Engin","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021208","url":null,"abstract":" Abstract — In this study, the distribution, type, size and color of microplastics (MPs) in 9 stream mouths pouring into the Marmara Sea were investigated. Both sea surface water and deep sea sediment samples were collected to determine MP abundance at these stream (STR) stations. According to the results obtained, the spatial distribution of microplastics was determined. Higher MP abundance has been detected at the mouths of rivers where anthropogenic and industrial activities are intense. While the highest MP content was found in STR-3 (Ayamama Stream) in sea surface samples, STR-6 (Kağıthane Stream) was the station where the highest MPs were observed in deep sediment samples. On the other hand, while fragments were dominant type MPs in sea surface samples, filament type MPs were dominant in deep sea microplastics","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88974040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.17758/eirai10.f1021414
{"title":"The Impact of SARS-COV-2 Pandemic on Romanian Transnational Families","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eirai10.f1021414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai10.f1021414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76710500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.17758/eirai9.c0221211
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Metal Pollution in the Greenhouse Soils and Crops","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eirai9.c0221211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eirai9.c0221211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34366,"journal":{"name":"21 Inquiries into Art History and the Visual","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81362265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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