Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1023489
Jianghua Huang, C. Li, Huadong Hao, L. Li, Baikang Zhu, Xianlei Chen, Hengcong Tao
A new catalyst of S-BiOBr flower-like morphology was synthesized by simple pyrolysis and further used for photocatalytic degradation of TC. Phase structure analysis, elemental analysis and micromorphological analysis confirmed that S doping has a reinforcing effect on the polarization between the [Bi2O2S]2+ and [Br2]2- layers and is conducive to interlayer polarization and rapid charge transfer. In addition, its unique petal morphology is more favorable to the adsorption of contaminants on its surface and accelerates the reaction of catalyst surfactant with contaminants. It was also found that S-BiOBr degrades TC significantly better than single BiOBr@HCs, with up to 99.1% in 60 min illumination. In addition, the S-BiOBr catalyst has good reusability in antibiotic degradation. The results of photocatalytic mechanism analysis show that free radical O2 − plays a major role in the photodegradation of organic model pollutants. Intermediates in TC degradation were identified, and their potential degradation pathways were prospected, and the toxicity development of TC in the degradation process was analyzed by toxicity assessment software. The S-BiOBr photocatalytic system developed in this paper provides a new idea for effective modification of bismuth-based semiconductors and has important guiding significance for future water purification.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotic over a flower-like S-doped BiOBr: Performance, mechanism insight and toxicity assessment","authors":"Jianghua Huang, C. Li, Huadong Hao, L. Li, Baikang Zhu, Xianlei Chen, Hengcong Tao","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.1023489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.1023489","url":null,"abstract":"A new catalyst of S-BiOBr flower-like morphology was synthesized by simple pyrolysis and further used for photocatalytic degradation of TC. Phase structure analysis, elemental analysis and micromorphological analysis confirmed that S doping has a reinforcing effect on the polarization between the [Bi2O2S]2+ and [Br2]2- layers and is conducive to interlayer polarization and rapid charge transfer. In addition, its unique petal morphology is more favorable to the adsorption of contaminants on its surface and accelerates the reaction of catalyst surfactant with contaminants. It was also found that S-BiOBr degrades TC significantly better than single BiOBr@HCs, with up to 99.1% in 60 min illumination. In addition, the S-BiOBr catalyst has good reusability in antibiotic degradation. The results of photocatalytic mechanism analysis show that free radical O2 − plays a major role in the photodegradation of organic model pollutants. Intermediates in TC degradation were identified, and their potential degradation pathways were prospected, and the toxicity development of TC in the degradation process was analyzed by toxicity assessment software. The S-BiOBr photocatalytic system developed in this paper provides a new idea for effective modification of bismuth-based semiconductors and has important guiding significance for future water purification.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42706884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.999292
Yijun Ge, T. Fisher
Electronic and optical properties of single-layer and bilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons are investigated using a first-principles method. Increased nanoribbon width reduces the band gap and causes a red shift in photon absorption energy. The 3n + 2 family of nanoribbons has the smallest band gaps and lowest onset photon absorption energy among the three families considered due to high π-conjugation indicated by exciton wavefunctions. We also compare the bilayer α and β alignments of armchair graphene nanoribbons with their single-layer counterparts. The extra layer of graphene reduces the band gap and onset photon absorption energy, and the difference between the α alignment and the single-layer configuration is more significant than that of the β alignment and the single layer. Our calculations indicate that the optical properties of graphene nanoribbons depend on the details of atomic structures, including nanoribbon width, edge alignment and number of layers. These characteristics are expected to be important in the design of optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"First-principles calculations of the optical response of single-layer and bilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons","authors":"Yijun Ge, T. Fisher","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.999292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.999292","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic and optical properties of single-layer and bilayer armchair graphene nanoribbons are investigated using a first-principles method. Increased nanoribbon width reduces the band gap and causes a red shift in photon absorption energy. The 3n + 2 family of nanoribbons has the smallest band gaps and lowest onset photon absorption energy among the three families considered due to high π-conjugation indicated by exciton wavefunctions. We also compare the bilayer α and β alignments of armchair graphene nanoribbons with their single-layer counterparts. The extra layer of graphene reduces the band gap and onset photon absorption energy, and the difference between the α alignment and the single-layer configuration is more significant than that of the β alignment and the single layer. Our calculations indicate that the optical properties of graphene nanoribbons depend on the details of atomic structures, including nanoribbon width, edge alignment and number of layers. These characteristics are expected to be important in the design of optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45547852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1021943
Samuel Liu, T. Xiao, J. Kwon, B. Debusschere, S. Agarwal, J. Incorvia, C. Bennett
Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) combine the generalizability of deep neural networks (DNNs) with a rigorous quantification of predictive uncertainty, which mitigates overfitting and makes them valuable for high-reliability or safety-critical applications. However, the probabilistic nature of BNNs makes them more computationally intensive on digital hardware and so far, less directly amenable to acceleration by analog in-memory computing as compared to DNNs. This work exploits a novel spintronic bit cell that efficiently and compactly implements Gaussian-distributed BNN values. Specifically, the bit cell combines a tunable stochastic magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) encoding the trained standard deviation and a multi-bit domain-wall MTJ device independently encoding the trained mean. The two devices can be integrated within the same array, enabling highly efficient, fully analog, probabilistic matrix-vector multiplications. We use micromagnetics simulations as the basis of a system-level model of the spintronic BNN accelerator, demonstrating that our design yields accurate, well-calibrated uncertainty estimates for both classification and regression problems and matches software BNN performance. This result paves the way to spintronic in-memory computing systems implementing trusted neural networks at a modest energy budget.
{"title":"Bayesian neural networks using magnetic tunnel junction-based probabilistic in-memory computing","authors":"Samuel Liu, T. Xiao, J. Kwon, B. Debusschere, S. Agarwal, J. Incorvia, C. Bennett","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.1021943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.1021943","url":null,"abstract":"Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) combine the generalizability of deep neural networks (DNNs) with a rigorous quantification of predictive uncertainty, which mitigates overfitting and makes them valuable for high-reliability or safety-critical applications. However, the probabilistic nature of BNNs makes them more computationally intensive on digital hardware and so far, less directly amenable to acceleration by analog in-memory computing as compared to DNNs. This work exploits a novel spintronic bit cell that efficiently and compactly implements Gaussian-distributed BNN values. Specifically, the bit cell combines a tunable stochastic magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) encoding the trained standard deviation and a multi-bit domain-wall MTJ device independently encoding the trained mean. The two devices can be integrated within the same array, enabling highly efficient, fully analog, probabilistic matrix-vector multiplications. We use micromagnetics simulations as the basis of a system-level model of the spintronic BNN accelerator, demonstrating that our design yields accurate, well-calibrated uncertainty estimates for both classification and regression problems and matches software BNN performance. This result paves the way to spintronic in-memory computing systems implementing trusted neural networks at a modest energy budget.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46801084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1020414
Dr. Deepak Rawtani, Aliasgar F. Shahiwala, P. Prajapati
Self-assembled nanocarriers are attracting increasing attention from drug delivery scientists due to their ability to provide higher efficacy with fewer side effects. Creating such a system requires carefully selecting atoms or molecules that can be assembled spontaneously by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waal interactions to form a stable, well-defined structure with the desired physicochemical and biological properties. Self-assembled nanocarriers comprise a wide range of systems, including surfactant-based nanoparticles such as micelles, liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and metal nanoclusters (Figure 1). Biomedical applications of these systems include drug, gene, and vaccine delivery, as well as tissue engineering. Combined with advanced materials science and the latest technologies, such systems could provide promising solutions to many unmet clinical needs. The Research Topic Advances in Self-Assembled Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery includes four articles in total: two reviews and two original research papers. The review by Paliwal et al. discusses the current state of, and new trends in, selfassembled nanocarriers (Paliwal et al.). They highlight some of the innovations in these nanocarriers and their applications, such as in prolonging drug action, improving bioavailability, avoiding drug resistance, and enhancing cellular uptake. In addition to being interesting to read, this review also provides the most up-to-date status of the self-assembled nanocarriers in the preclinical, clinical, and market phases. Despite the availability of small-molecule antiviral treatments, there was a clear unmet clinical need for them during the COVID pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Nanoviricide’s Biopolymer (NV-CoV-2) with covalently attached polyethylene glycol and alkyl pendants is a platform technology developed by NanoViricides, Inc. NV-CoV-2 are uniquemicelles with up to 1,200 chemically attached ligands on their surface that can bind and inactivate viruses. A mini-review published in this Research Topic by Chakraborty OPEN ACCESS
自组装纳米载体由于具有高疗效、低副作用的特点，正日益受到药物传递科学家的关注。创建这样的系统需要仔细选择可以通过氢键、静电、疏水和范德华相互作用自发组装的原子或分子，以形成具有所需物理化学和生物特性的稳定、定义良好的结构。自组装纳米载体包括各种各样的系统，包括基于表面活性剂的纳米颗粒，如胶束、脂质体、纳米体、聚合物纳米颗粒、碳纳米管和金属纳米团簇(图1)。这些系统的生物医学应用包括药物、基因和疫苗输送，以及组织工程。结合先进的材料科学和最新技术，这种系统可以为许多未满足的临床需求提供有希望的解决方案。研究课题“Advances in self - assemble nanotechnology for Drug - Delivery”包括四篇综述和两篇原创研究论文。Paliwal等人的综述讨论了自组装纳米载体的现状和新趋势(Paliwal等人)。他们强调了这些纳米载体及其应用的一些创新，如延长药物作用、提高生物利用度、避免耐药性和增强细胞摄取。除了有趣的阅读，这篇综述还提供了自组装纳米载体在临床前、临床和市场阶段的最新状态。尽管有小分子抗病毒治疗，但在由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的COVID大流行期间，对这些治疗的临床需求显然没有得到满足。纳米杀毒剂的生物聚合物(NV-CoV-2)是由NanoViricides公司开发的一种平台技术，其共价附着的聚乙二醇和烷基悬垂物。NV-CoV-2是一种独特的胶束，其表面有多达1200个化学附着的配体，可以结合和灭活病毒。Chakraborty OPEN ACCESS在本研究主题上发表的一篇小型综述
{"title":"Editorial: Advances in self-assembled nanocarriers for drug delivery","authors":"Dr. Deepak Rawtani, Aliasgar F. Shahiwala, P. Prajapati","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.1020414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.1020414","url":null,"abstract":"Self-assembled nanocarriers are attracting increasing attention from drug delivery scientists due to their ability to provide higher efficacy with fewer side effects. Creating such a system requires carefully selecting atoms or molecules that can be assembled spontaneously by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waal interactions to form a stable, well-defined structure with the desired physicochemical and biological properties. Self-assembled nanocarriers comprise a wide range of systems, including surfactant-based nanoparticles such as micelles, liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and metal nanoclusters (Figure 1). Biomedical applications of these systems include drug, gene, and vaccine delivery, as well as tissue engineering. Combined with advanced materials science and the latest technologies, such systems could provide promising solutions to many unmet clinical needs. The Research Topic Advances in Self-Assembled Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery includes four articles in total: two reviews and two original research papers. The review by Paliwal et al. discusses the current state of, and new trends in, selfassembled nanocarriers (Paliwal et al.). They highlight some of the innovations in these nanocarriers and their applications, such as in prolonging drug action, improving bioavailability, avoiding drug resistance, and enhancing cellular uptake. In addition to being interesting to read, this review also provides the most up-to-date status of the self-assembled nanocarriers in the preclinical, clinical, and market phases. Despite the availability of small-molecule antiviral treatments, there was a clear unmet clinical need for them during the COVID pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Nanoviricide’s Biopolymer (NV-CoV-2) with covalently attached polyethylene glycol and alkyl pendants is a platform technology developed by NanoViricides, Inc. NV-CoV-2 are uniquemicelles with up to 1,200 chemically attached ligands on their surface that can bind and inactivate viruses. A mini-review published in this Research Topic by Chakraborty OPEN ACCESS","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42650634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1028186
D. Antoine, M. Mohammadi, C. McDermott, Eithne Walsh, P. Johnson, K. Wawrousek, J. Wall
COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. From its initial appearance in Wuhan, China in 2019, it developed rapidly into a global pandemic. In addition to vaccines, therapeutic antibodies play an important role in immediately treating susceptible individuals to lessen severity of the disease. In this study, phage display technology was utilised to isolate human scFv antibody fragments that bind the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 spike protein. Of eight RBD-binding scFvs isolated, two inhibited interaction of RBD with ACE2 protein on VeroE6 cells. Both scFvs also exhibited binding to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant spike protein but not to Omicron variant spike protein in a Raman spectroscopy immunotest. The study demonstrates the potential of recombinant antibody approaches to rapidly isolate antibody moieties with virus neutralisation potential.
{"title":"Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-blocking recombinant antibody fragments and characterisation of their binding to variant spike proteins","authors":"D. Antoine, M. Mohammadi, C. McDermott, Eithne Walsh, P. Johnson, K. Wawrousek, J. Wall","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.1028186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.1028186","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. From its initial appearance in Wuhan, China in 2019, it developed rapidly into a global pandemic. In addition to vaccines, therapeutic antibodies play an important role in immediately treating susceptible individuals to lessen severity of the disease. In this study, phage display technology was utilised to isolate human scFv antibody fragments that bind the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 spike protein. Of eight RBD-binding scFvs isolated, two inhibited interaction of RBD with ACE2 protein on VeroE6 cells. Both scFvs also exhibited binding to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant spike protein but not to Omicron variant spike protein in a Raman spectroscopy immunotest. The study demonstrates the potential of recombinant antibody approaches to rapidly isolate antibody moieties with virus neutralisation potential.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48347974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.988997
N. Liaros, Z. Tomova, Sandra A. Gutierrez Razo, John S Bender, Amanda J. Souna, R. J. Devoe, D. A. Ender, B. Gates, J. Fourkas
We demonstrate a new approach for decreasing the feature size in multiphoton absorption polymerization (MAP). Acrylic photoresists containing the photoinitiator KL68 (bis-[4-(diphenylamino) stryl]-1-(2-ethylhexyloxy), 4-(methoxy)benzene) exhibit a proportional velocity (PROVE) dependence, yielding smaller feature sizes at lower fabrication speeds. The feature size in this photoresist decreases substantially with a temperature increase of less than 10°C when all other fabrication parameters are kept constant, suggesting that the PROVE behavior results from local heating. Although higher temperatures have previously been associated with decreased feature sizes in MAP, the effect observed here is considerably stronger than in previous work, and is shown to be a property of the photoinitiator. This discovery opens the door to exploiting thermal gradients to improve resolution in MAP lithography.
{"title":"Thermal feature-size enhancement in multiphoton photoresists","authors":"N. Liaros, Z. Tomova, Sandra A. Gutierrez Razo, John S Bender, Amanda J. Souna, R. J. Devoe, D. A. Ender, B. Gates, J. Fourkas","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.988997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.988997","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a new approach for decreasing the feature size in multiphoton absorption polymerization (MAP). Acrylic photoresists containing the photoinitiator KL68 (bis-[4-(diphenylamino) stryl]-1-(2-ethylhexyloxy), 4-(methoxy)benzene) exhibit a proportional velocity (PROVE) dependence, yielding smaller feature sizes at lower fabrication speeds. The feature size in this photoresist decreases substantially with a temperature increase of less than 10°C when all other fabrication parameters are kept constant, suggesting that the PROVE behavior results from local heating. Although higher temperatures have previously been associated with decreased feature sizes in MAP, the effect observed here is considerably stronger than in previous work, and is shown to be a property of the photoinitiator. This discovery opens the door to exploiting thermal gradients to improve resolution in MAP lithography.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42588161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1012384
Antoni Sánchez
In recent years, the high cost and availability of energy sources have boosted the implementation of strategies to obtain different types of renewable energy. Among them, methane contained in biogas from anaerobic digestion has gained special relevance, since it also permits the management of a big amount of organic waste and the capture and long-term storage of carbon. However, methane from biogas presents some problems as energy source: 1) it is a gas, so its storage is costly and complex, 2) it is not pure, being carbon dioxide the main by-product of anaerobic digestion (30%–50%), 3) it is explosive with oxygen under some conditions and 4) it has a high global warming potential (27–30 times that of carbon dioxide). Consequently, the conversion of biogas to methanol is as an attractive way to overcome these problems. This process implies the conversion of both methane and carbon dioxide into methanol in one oxidation and one reduction reaction, respectively. In this dual system, the use of effective and selective catalysts for both reactions is a critical issue. In this regard, nanomaterials embedded in metal organic frameworks have been recently tested for both reactions, with very satisfactory results when compared to traditional materials. In this review paper, the recent configurations of catalysts including nanoparticles as active catalysts and metal organic frameworks as support materials are reviewed and discussed. The main challenges for the future development of this technology are also highlighted, that is, its cost in environmental and economic terms for its development at commercial scale.
{"title":"Biogas improvement as renewable energy through conversion into methanol: A perspective of new catalysts based on nanomaterials and metal organic frameworks","authors":"Antoni Sánchez","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.1012384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.1012384","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the high cost and availability of energy sources have boosted the implementation of strategies to obtain different types of renewable energy. Among them, methane contained in biogas from anaerobic digestion has gained special relevance, since it also permits the management of a big amount of organic waste and the capture and long-term storage of carbon. However, methane from biogas presents some problems as energy source: 1) it is a gas, so its storage is costly and complex, 2) it is not pure, being carbon dioxide the main by-product of anaerobic digestion (30%–50%), 3) it is explosive with oxygen under some conditions and 4) it has a high global warming potential (27–30 times that of carbon dioxide). Consequently, the conversion of biogas to methanol is as an attractive way to overcome these problems. This process implies the conversion of both methane and carbon dioxide into methanol in one oxidation and one reduction reaction, respectively. In this dual system, the use of effective and selective catalysts for both reactions is a critical issue. In this regard, nanomaterials embedded in metal organic frameworks have been recently tested for both reactions, with very satisfactory results when compared to traditional materials. In this review paper, the recent configurations of catalysts including nanoparticles as active catalysts and metal organic frameworks as support materials are reviewed and discussed. The main challenges for the future development of this technology are also highlighted, that is, its cost in environmental and economic terms for its development at commercial scale.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44001949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1018754
P. Chauhan, K. Wadhwa, Govind Singh
The impact of neurodegenerative illnesses on society is significant, but the mechanisms leading to neuronal malfunction and death in these conditions remain largely unknown despite identifying essential disease genes. To pinpoint the mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, several researchers have turned to nematode C. elegans instead of using mammals. Since C. elegans is transparent, free-living, and amenable to culture, it has several benefits. As a result, all the neurons in C. elegans can be easily identified, and their connections are understood. Human proteins linked to Neurodegeneration can be made to express in them. It is also possible to analyze how C. elegans orthologs of the genes responsible for human neurodegenerative diseases function. In this article, we focused at some of the most important C. elegans neurodegeneration models that accurately represent many elements of human neurodegenerative illness. It has been observed that studies using the adaptable C. elegans have helped us in better understanding of human diseases. These studies have used it to replicate several aspects of human neurodegeneration. A nanotech approach involves engineering materials or equipments interacting with biological systems at the molecular level to trigger physiological responses by increasing stimulation, responding, and interacting with target sites while minimizing side effects, thus revolutionizing the treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanotechnologies are being used to treat neurological disorders and deliver nanoscale drugs. This review explores the current and future uses of these nanotechnologies as innovative therapeutic modalities in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases using C elegans as an experimental model.
{"title":"Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system to evaluate neuroprotective potential of nano formulations","authors":"P. Chauhan, K. Wadhwa, Govind Singh","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.1018754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.1018754","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of neurodegenerative illnesses on society is significant, but the mechanisms leading to neuronal malfunction and death in these conditions remain largely unknown despite identifying essential disease genes. To pinpoint the mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, several researchers have turned to nematode C. elegans instead of using mammals. Since C. elegans is transparent, free-living, and amenable to culture, it has several benefits. As a result, all the neurons in C. elegans can be easily identified, and their connections are understood. Human proteins linked to Neurodegeneration can be made to express in them. It is also possible to analyze how C. elegans orthologs of the genes responsible for human neurodegenerative diseases function. In this article, we focused at some of the most important C. elegans neurodegeneration models that accurately represent many elements of human neurodegenerative illness. It has been observed that studies using the adaptable C. elegans have helped us in better understanding of human diseases. These studies have used it to replicate several aspects of human neurodegeneration. A nanotech approach involves engineering materials or equipments interacting with biological systems at the molecular level to trigger physiological responses by increasing stimulation, responding, and interacting with target sites while minimizing side effects, thus revolutionizing the treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanotechnologies are being used to treat neurological disorders and deliver nanoscale drugs. This review explores the current and future uses of these nanotechnologies as innovative therapeutic modalities in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases using C elegans as an experimental model.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1004729
Avtar Singh, Paramjit Singh, Rajeev Kumar, A. Kaushik
Despite ongoing public health measures and increasing vaccination rates, deaths and disease severity caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its new emergent variants continue to threaten the health of people around the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies for research, diagnosis, treatment, and government policies to combat the variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Since the state-of-the-art COVID-19 pandemic, the role of selenium in dealing with COVID-19 disease has been widely discussed due to its importance as an essential micronutrient. This review aims at providing all antiviral activities of nanoselenium (Nano-Se) ever explored using different methods in the literature. We systematically summarize the studied antiviral activities of Nano-Se required to project it as an efficient antiviral system as a function of shape, size, and synthesis method. The outcomes of this article not only introduce Nano-Se to the scientific community but also motivate scholars to adopt Nano-Se to tackle any serious virus such as mutated SARS-CoV-2 to achieve an effective antiviral activity in a desired manner.
{"title":"Exploring nanoselenium to tackle mutated SARS-CoV-2 for efficient COVID-19 management","authors":"Avtar Singh, Paramjit Singh, Rajeev Kumar, A. Kaushik","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.1004729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.1004729","url":null,"abstract":"Despite ongoing public health measures and increasing vaccination rates, deaths and disease severity caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its new emergent variants continue to threaten the health of people around the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies for research, diagnosis, treatment, and government policies to combat the variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Since the state-of-the-art COVID-19 pandemic, the role of selenium in dealing with COVID-19 disease has been widely discussed due to its importance as an essential micronutrient. This review aims at providing all antiviral activities of nanoselenium (Nano-Se) ever explored using different methods in the literature. We systematically summarize the studied antiviral activities of Nano-Se required to project it as an efficient antiviral system as a function of shape, size, and synthesis method. The outcomes of this article not only introduce Nano-Se to the scientific community but also motivate scholars to adopt Nano-Se to tackle any serious virus such as mutated SARS-CoV-2 to achieve an effective antiviral activity in a desired manner.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46486098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.951988
Sachin Sharma, Ashish, R. V. Nair
The defect centers in solid-state materials especially the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have shown a tremendous potential for their utilization in quantum technology applications. However, they exhibit certain drawbacks such as the feeble zero phonon line with huge phonon contribution and the higher lifetime values. Here, we present a novel approach to control the spontaneous emission from NV centers in nanodiamond using engineered self-assembled photonic crystals. Using two complimentary emission measuring geometries at room temperature, we show a 63% suppression and 17% enhancement of NV center emission intensity using photonic stopgap, supported with simulations. The emission rates are modified in a broad spectral range of NV center emission and are consistent with the Barnett–Loudon sum rule. The results are crucial for emerging quantum technologies using NV centers in diamond.
{"title":"Tailored light emission from color centers in nanodiamond using self-assembled photonic crystals","authors":"Sachin Sharma, Ashish, R. V. Nair","doi":"10.3389/fnano.2022.951988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2022.951988","url":null,"abstract":"The defect centers in solid-state materials especially the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have shown a tremendous potential for their utilization in quantum technology applications. However, they exhibit certain drawbacks such as the feeble zero phonon line with huge phonon contribution and the higher lifetime values. Here, we present a novel approach to control the spontaneous emission from NV centers in nanodiamond using engineered self-assembled photonic crystals. Using two complimentary emission measuring geometries at room temperature, we show a 63% suppression and 17% enhancement of NV center emission intensity using photonic stopgap, supported with simulations. The emission rates are modified in a broad spectral range of NV center emission and are consistent with the Barnett–Loudon sum rule. The results are crucial for emerging quantum technologies using NV centers in diamond.","PeriodicalId":34432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46628223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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