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Against Augmentation 对增强
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2022.15.3
John Richards, Tim Shaw
This article originated from a conversation between John Richards and Tim Shaw. The conversation is a response to the journal’s theme, Augmented Instruments. Instead of focusing on just one instrument, the authors decided to talk more generally about their overall aesthetic and process of making performance-installations. The conversation touches on augmentation, DIY instruments, unpredictability, and offers the reader examples of their own self-made musical devices. The discussion concludes with three emergent themes: Reductionism, Raw Materials, and Fields of Influence. They hope this transcribed conversation provides a useful starting point for readers interested in Richards’ and Shaw’s experimental approach to electronic music and idiosyncratic instrument design.
这篇文章源于约翰·理查兹和蒂姆·肖之间的一段对话。这次对话是对期刊主题“增强仪器”的回应。作者们没有只关注一种乐器,而是决定更广泛地谈论他们的整体美学和制作表演装置的过程。对话涉及增强、DIY乐器、不可预测性,并为读者提供了他们自己自制音乐设备的例子。讨论以三个新兴主题结束:还原论、原材料和影响领域。他们希望这段被转录的对话能为对理查兹和肖对电子音乐和特殊乐器设计的实验方法感兴趣的读者提供一个有用的起点。
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引用次数: 0
The bodyless sound and the re-embodied sound: an expansion of the sonic body of the instrument 无形体的声音和重新具体化的声音:乐器声体的扩展
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2022.15.2
Cristohper Ramos Flores
The development of recording technologies, audio manipulation techniques, and sound synthesis opened new sonic horizons. At the same time, realising or reproducing these new sounds creates issues of disembodiment and/or a total lack of physical-gesture-to-audio relationship. Understanding the impact these issues have on our perception and comprehension of music becomes central in the light of new creative practices, in which developing hardware and software has become part of the creative process. These creative practices force us to re-think the role of performance and the medium (musical instruments) in the essence of the musical work. Building upon previous research, a set of possible configurations for hyperinstrument design is presented in this article with the aim to introduce novel ways of thinking about the relationship of the physical body of the instrument (resonant body), the sonic body (the acoustic phenomena unfolding in a physical space), and performance.
录音技术、音频处理技术和声音合成技术的发展开辟了新的声音视野。与此同时,实现或再现这些新声音会产生分离和/或完全缺乏身体-手势-音频关系的问题。在新的创作实践中,理解这些问题对我们对音乐的感知和理解的影响变得至关重要,在这种实践中,开发硬件和软件已经成为创作过程的一部分。这些创造性的实践迫使我们重新思考表演和媒介(乐器)在音乐作品本质中的作用。在以往研究的基础上,本文提出了一套可能的超乐器设计配置,旨在引入新的方法来思考仪器的物理体(共振体),声音体(在物理空间中展开的声学现象)和性能之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The extended piano(s), the extended body(ies) 加长钢琴,加长琴身
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2022.15.6
Hara Alonso Bécares
The extended piano(s), the extended body(ies) is an ongoing research project on the piano as an extended instrument started in 2014 by the pianist and composer Hara Alonso. Over the years, it has been developed in different directions and forms ranging from composition, improvisation and installation. The research questions are: How can we rethink the piano beyond its history and technology? How can we expand it by incorporating embodied composition methods? This research intends to develop tools to augment the piano qualities in terms of sound (timbre) and the performative-conceptual elements through improvisation, composition, electroacoustic elements, and performance. These enhanced elements have changed and opened up a wide range of possibilities to interact with the piano, both sonically and physically, widening the piano practices. The pianist’s body has a fundamental value in the research as the initiator of the sound, gesture, and intention, becoming the point of departure in this research. The investigation intertwines two axes: 1) The piano as a sound generator and its expansion through digital means, and 2) The pianist’s body is the primary instrument. This article covers the research period from 2014 to 2021, in which Hara Alonso developed numerous works for extended piano that have been displayed in several public performances.
延伸钢琴(s),延伸身体(ies)是钢琴家兼作曲家哈拉·阿隆索(Hara Alonso)于2014年开始的一项正在进行的关于钢琴作为延伸乐器的研究项目。多年来,它在作曲、即兴创作和装置等不同的方向和形式上发展。研究的问题是:我们如何超越钢琴的历史和技术来重新思考钢琴?我们如何通过结合具体化的构图方法来扩展它?本研究旨在通过即兴创作、作曲、电声元素和演奏,开发工具来提高钢琴在声音(音色)和演奏概念元素方面的品质。这些增强的元素已经改变并开辟了与钢琴互动的广泛可能性,无论是声音还是物理,拓宽了钢琴练习。钢琴家的身体作为声音、手势和意图的发起者,在研究中具有基本的价值,成为本研究的出发点。研究围绕着两个轴线展开:1)钢琴作为声音发生器及其通过数字手段的扩展;2)钢琴家的身体是主要的乐器。本文涵盖了2014年至2021年的研究期间,在此期间,Hara Alonso创作了许多扩展钢琴作品,并在多次公开演出中展出。
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引用次数: 0
Between listening and sounding: Exploring the limits of augmented instruments 在听和听之间:探索增强乐器的极限
Pub Date : 2022-08-21 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2022.15.1
Thomas Gardner
This paper explores some of the changed relationships between body and environment that occur when instruments are augmented by electronic or digital circuits. Taking Gregory Bateson’s theorisation of the schizophrenic body (1973) as its starting point, the paper explores situations in which the relationship between the performer, body, and instrument takes on increasingly separate communicational modes, in which the body and its meanings come to resemble the ‘unlabelled metaphor’ of the schizophrenic. A series of instrument/personas are brought before us, representing both the ‘norm’ of acoustic instrumental performances and the extreme limits of instrumental identity, offering critical insight into the space that augmented instruments occupy and transform.  In considering some of these changes, and in reaching towards their extremities, attention is paid to the friction or awkwardness that accompanies the metamorphosis. In the same way that the ability of a language to ‘point’ is fraught with inconsistencies and potentials for misunderstanding, so the transformation in instrumental identities does not happen in a smooth and transparent way. However, the changes do create the potential for new sensibilities and forms of critical and ethical awareness.
本文探讨了当仪器被电子或数字电路增强时,身体和环境之间发生的一些变化关系。本文以格雷戈里·贝特森(Gregory Bateson)关于精神分裂症患者身体的理论(1973)为出发点,探讨了表演者、身体和乐器之间的关系呈现出越来越独立的交流模式的情况,在这种模式下,身体及其意义变得类似于精神分裂症患者的“未标记的隐喻”。一系列的乐器/角色呈现在我们面前,既代表了原声乐器表演的“规范”,也代表了乐器身份的极限,为增强乐器所占据和转化的空间提供了批判性的见解。在考虑这些变化,并达到他们的极端,注意摩擦或尴尬,伴随着变形。同样,语言“指向”的能力充满了不一致和误解的可能性,因此工具身份的转变不会以平稳和透明的方式发生。然而,这些变化确实创造了新的情感和形式的批判和道德意识的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
A Taxonomy of Musical Interfaces for Use in the Classroom 课堂上使用的音乐界面分类
Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2022.15.7
Emma Wilde, Mario Alberto Duarte García
Instrument taxonomies have been a preoccupation throughout history. Musical interfaces which involve the use of a sound engine (which could be a software) to sonify and translate data from a user to produce a sound result, do not fit into traditional instrument taxonomies. Magnusson argues that it is necessary to determine classification principles of musical interfaces because there are clear benefits of such a taxonomy for inventors, performers, musicologists, and composers. We propose that educators are another group of people who can benefit from a taxonomy of musical interfaces which considers classifications relating to educational use. Several researchers have argued that there is a need to evaluate how and why technology is implemented in the music classroom. Previous taxonomies of musical interfaces have focused on design principals and user interaction and have only partially explored educational objectives. In this paper we propose a taxonomy of musical interfaces which builds on previous taxonomies but extends them into the educational field. Throughout four case studies of recent musical interfaces implemented in educational contexts in four continents, we show how this taxonomy can be employed to classify how and why a musical interface is implemented in the classroom to analyze the educational benefits they can promote.
纵观历史,乐器分类法一直是人们关注的焦点。涉及使用声音引擎(可能是软件)来对来自用户的数据进行声音和翻译以产生声音结果的音乐界面不适合传统的乐器分类法。Magnusson认为有必要确定音乐界面的分类原则,因为这种分类对发明家、表演者、音乐学家和作曲家都有明显的好处。我们认为教育工作者是另一群人,他们可以从音乐界面的分类中受益,这种分类考虑了与教育用途相关的分类。一些研究人员认为,有必要评估如何以及为什么在音乐课堂中实施技术。之前的音乐界面分类侧重于设计原则和用户交互,只部分探索了教育目标。在本文中,我们提出了一个音乐接口的分类法,它建立在以前的分类法的基础上,并将其扩展到教育领域。通过对四大洲最近在教育环境中实施的音乐界面的四个案例研究,我们展示了如何使用这种分类法对音乐界面如何以及为什么在课堂中实施进行分类,以分析它们可以促进的教育效益。
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引用次数: 0
light.void~: An Autographic Case Study on Approaches, Constraints, and Affordances with a Light-dependent Musical Interface. 光。一个关于依赖光的音乐界面的方法、约束和启示的自写案例研究。
Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2022.15.5
Felipe Tovar Henao
This paper discusses the strategies, considerations, and implications of designing and performing with a light-dependent digital musical interface (DMI), named light.void~. This interface is introduced as a replica of light thing, an existing DMI designed and popularized by British artist Leafcutter John. The rationale for reproducing this DMI is presented, followed by a discussion around the guiding criteria for establishing data-to-sound mappings, and the kind of affordances that these decisions may bring — including performer control, unpredictability, intentionality, spontaneity, action-sound reactivity, visual interest, and so on. The remainder of the paper focuses on dissecting the nature of this digital musical instrument, using contributions by DMI researchers Miranda and Wanderley as the main analytical framework. The outcome of this process is a semi-improvisational work titled «Umbra», along with the open source documentation for the light.void~ interface. Additionally, some relevant questions emerge with regards to performer expertise, observed vs. unobserved performance, as well as ontological frictions between instrument, composer, performer, designer, and audience.
本文讨论了光依赖数字音乐接口(light.void~)的设计和表演的策略、注意事项和意义。这个界面是英国艺术家Leafcutter John设计并推广的现有DMI light thing的复制品。本文介绍了再现该DMI的基本原理,然后讨论了建立数据到声音映射的指导标准,以及这些决策可能带来的支持类型——包括执行者控制、不可预测性、意向性、自发性、动作-声音反应性、视觉兴趣等等。本文的其余部分着重于剖析这种数字乐器的本质,使用DMI研究人员Miranda和Wanderley的贡献作为主要分析框架。这个过程的结果是一个名为“Umbra”的半即兴作品,以及灯光的开源文档。空白~接口。此外,还会出现一些与表演者专业技能、观察到的与未观察到的表演以及乐器、作曲家、表演者、设计师和观众之间的本体论摩擦有关的相关问题。
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引用次数: 1
Multimedia writing procedures for musical composition, seven case studies 多媒体写作程序的音乐创作,七个案例研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2022.15.8
Sabina Covarrubias
The purpose of this article is to describe the multimedia writing (MW) procedures that have proven to be effective in resolving some of the difficulties faced by composers in: 1. notation of timbre, 2. notation of new performance modes, 3. notation of new vocal techniques, 4. notation of a tonal language in a score, 5. notation of the instructions for the use of the computer programs contained in the work, 6. synchronization of the oral tradition musicians with the audio recordings, and 7. time reduction during the learning of the work. To address these issues, we used MW in six "experiments" —composition projects designed to answer specific questions about notation. These experiments and other subsequent projects allowed us to confirm our findings. In our experiments, MW was a set of procedures that allowed information to be represented in different ways simultaneously. The information can be text, sound, still or moving images, among others. These procedures can be used to record a message with the aim of saving it and transferring it from the composer to the performer. The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of MW in overcoming the current limitations of the Western music writing system (WMWS).
本文的目的是描述多媒体写作(MW)的程序,已被证明是有效地解决作曲家所面临的一些困难:1。音色符号,2。2 .新的性能模式符号;新声乐技巧的符号,4。乐谱中音调语言的记谱法。5 .使用作品中所包含的计算机程序的说明符号;7.传统音乐家的口述与录音的同步;缩短了学习工作的时间。为了解决这些问题,我们在六个“实验”中使用了MW,这些实验是为了回答有关符号的具体问题而设计的作文项目。这些实验和其他后续项目使我们能够证实我们的发现。在我们的实验中,语义语义是一组允许信息同时以不同方式表示的过程。这些信息可以是文本、声音、静态或动态图像等。这些程序可用于记录信息,目的是保存信息并将其从作曲家转移到表演者手中。研究结果表明,MW在克服当前西方音乐写作系统(WMWS)的局限性方面是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Instruments that are more than instruments (and other stories) 不仅仅是乐器(和其他故事)
Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2022.15.4
Marinos Koutsomichalis
Partly auto-ethnography, partly explanatory research, and partly an exercise in nontypical academic writing, this treatise focuses on music/multimedia instruments (and making paradigms thereof) that celebrate a more or less radical re-thinking of instrument-hood. ’Stories' of a sort are recounted so as to demonstrate the breadth of the many different (fascinating) ways in which instruments can be indeed much more than what the dominant hylonoetic view suggest. Instruments are discussed in broad thematic sections, raising common concerns and outlining related research veins. The author touches upon a surfacing opposition between hylonoetic and morphogenic perspectives and examines affairs of post or ‘hyper’ optimality in DIY making (recounting one last ‘story’). This treatise concludes with sketches for future work — for playful creative explorations and prospective instruments (that are intended to be ‘more than instruments’).
部分是自我民族志,部分是解释性研究,部分是非典型学术写作的练习,这篇论文专注于音乐/多媒体乐器(以及制作范式),这些乐器或多或少地对乐器进行了激进的重新思考。某种“故事”被重新叙述,以展示许多不同的(迷人的)方式的广度,其中乐器确实可以比主流的音韵学观点所暗示的要多得多。在广泛的专题章节中讨论了工具,提出了共同关注的问题并概述了相关的研究脉络。作者触及了一种表面上的对立,在进化和形态形成的观点之间,并检查了DIY制作中的后或“超”优化的事务(叙述最后一个“故事”)。这篇论文总结了未来工作的草图-用于有趣的创造性探索和潜在的工具(旨在“不仅仅是工具”)。
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引用次数: 0
La danza de la tierra: el material musical, rito y sacrificio en La consagración de la primavera de Igor Stravinsky 地球之舞:伊戈尔·斯特拉文斯基《春天的奉献》中的音乐材料、仪式和牺牲
Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2021.14.5
Nicolás Aguía Betancourt
En este artículo, se examina la concepción adorniana del material musical en la obra de Stravinsky y el análisis del mito que hace el filósofo René Girard en La Consagración de la Primavera. La aproximación teórica desde la concepción girardiana del sacrificio permite reexaminar la obra de Stravinsky y el significado del impacto de escenificar el asesinato fundacional, a inicios del siglo XX. La estructura de la violencia sacrificial que expone Girard expande el análisis de la obra del compositor ruso ofreciendo una lectura antropológica del hecho artístico. De este modo, el horizonte crítico que abre el pensamiento girardiano apuntala una contextualización de la obra que va más allá de una postura respecto a la sedimentación del material musical.
这篇文章探讨了斯特拉文斯基作品中阿多诺对音乐材料的概念,以及哲学家rene吉拉德在《春之奉献》中对神话的分析。斯特拉文斯基的牺牲概念的理论方法使我们能够重新审视斯特拉文斯基的工作,以及20世纪初上演的基础谋杀的影响意义。吉拉德的牺牲暴力结构通过对艺术事实的人类学解读,扩展了对这位俄罗斯作曲家作品的分析。因此,吉拉尔德思想打开的批判视野支持了作品的语境化,超越了对音乐材料沉稳的立场。
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引用次数: 0
Funcionalidad y Recursos Tímbricos en la Guitarra: Clasificación de las Posibilidades Tímbricas del Instrumento para Enriquecer una Propuesta Musical Interpretativa 吉他的音色功能和资源:对乐器的音色可能性进行分类,以丰富解释性音乐建议
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.17230/ricercare.2021.14.4
Juan Manuel Molano Posada
Este artículo aborda el timbre como un aspecto importante en la interpretación de obras para guitarra, y se enfoca particularmente en un repertorio en el cual no son explícitas las indicaciones tímbricas. Para ello, se define inicialmente el papel que ha ocupado el timbre dentro de la comunidad guitarrística a lo largo de la historia; posteriormente, se determina qué aspectos técnicos del instrumento permiten variación tímbrica; y, por último, se clasifican las funciones que ocupa el timbre dentro del discurso musical a partir de ejemplos de diferentes periodos estilísticos. Esto con el fin de presentar una visión interpretativa, por medio de la cual, el intérprete guitarrista pueda incorporar estos matices de una manera clara, consciente, y coherente con el discurso musical.
这篇文章讨论了音色作为吉他演奏的一个重要方面,并特别关注一个曲目中没有明确的音色指示。为了做到这一点,它最初定义了音色在整个历史上在吉他社区中所扮演的角色;然后,确定乐器的哪些技术方面允许音色变化;最后,根据不同文体时期的例子,对音色在音乐话语中的作用进行了分类。这是为了呈现一种解释的视野,通过这种视野,吉他手可以以一种清晰、有意识和连贯的方式将这些细微差别结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
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