Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.195
Fery Hidayat, Dani Rusirawan, Iqbal Tanjung
ABSTRAKPembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) merupakan salah satu sistem pembangkit non-konvensional yang dapat menggantikan peran pembangkit listrik konvensional. Saat ini Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung (Itenas) sedang mengembangkan instalasi PLTS 1000 Wp jenis grid connected system, menggunakan modul fotovoltaik (FV) tipe monokristalin. Dalam artikel ini, hasil evaluasi berbagai parameter utama modul FV akan dipaparkan dalam rangka mendapatkan kinerja dari PLTS. Pengukuran parameter utama modul FV dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 1.8.2 meliputi radiasi matahari (G) dan temperatur lingkungan (Ta), sebagai parameter masukan serta tegangan (V), arus (I) dan temperatur sel/modul FV (Tc), sebagai parameter keluaran. Pengukuran parameter utama bertujuan untuk memperoleh daya (P), efisiensi (η) serta energi kumulatif (Ek) dari PLTS terpasang. Dari hasil pengujian selama 6 hari, diperoleh daya, efisiensi, dan produksi energi kumulatif rata-rata harian PLTS terpasang adalah 535,99 W/hari, 14,29 % dan 2,64 kWh.Kata kunci: fotovoltaik, monokristalin, daya dan efisiensi rata-rata harian ABSTRACTThe solar power plant (SPP) is one of non convensional power plant, which can be used to substitute the conventional power plant. Presently, Institut Teknologi Nasional (Itenas) has been developed a 1000 Wp grid-connected SPP, using monocrystalline photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this paper, evaluation results of the PV modules parameters will be elaborated to figure out the PV modules characteristics, as a basic to evaluate the SPP performance. The measuring of PV modules have been done using arduino mega 1.8.2 microcontroller. The input parameters of the PV modules are solar radiation (G) and ambient temperature (Ta), meanwhile the output parameters are voltage (V), current (I) and cell/module temperature (Tc). All these parameters are used to estimate the power (P), efficiency (η) and cumulative energy (E). Based on measurements and evaluation during 6 days, it is found that the average of the power and efficiency of the SPP were 535,99 W/day and 14,29 %, respectively, and average yield of energy (daily) was 2,64 kWh .Keywords: photovoltaic, monocrystalline, daily power and efficiency average
ABSTRAKPembangkit太阳能电力系统之一(PLTS)是一种非传统的发电厂可以代替传统发电厂的角色。万隆(Itenas)国家技术研究所目前正在开发PLTS 1000 Wp电网连通类型系统,安装使用光伏模块(FV) monokristalin类型。在这篇文章中,各种FV模块的主要参数评估结果将PLTS的框架中得到了表现。FV模块的主要参数测量用单片机Arduino Mega 1。8 . 2包括太阳辐射(G)和(Ta),环境温度参数作为输入电流、电压(V) (I)和细胞温度- FV (Tc),作为参数模块输出目录。测量这些参数主要旨在获得功率(P)、效率(η)以及安装PLTS的累积的能量(橡树)。没有得到测试结果有6天,累积资源,能源生产效率,平均每日PLTS安装是535.99 W / 14,29 %, 2,64千瓦时。关键词:光伏发电,monokristalin,每日平均功率和效率ABSTRACTThe太阳能发电厂(mts)非convensional发电厂,这是一号》可以成为习惯substitute《conventional发电厂。Presently,国家技术研究所(Itenas)已被a developed 1000 Wp grid-connected mts,用monocrystalline photovoltaic硒(modules)。硒在这篇文章中,调查员results of the modules parameters将硒elaborated要明白《modules characteristics, as a basic to evaluate the mts演出。硒之测量modules已经做过用arduino mega微控制器1 8。2。硒parameters输入》/ modules太阳能辐射环境(G)和温度(Ta), meanwhile The parameters输出电压(V),是当前(I)和细胞/模块温度(Tc)。这些parameters是都习惯estimate功率(P),新版杂志》(η)和cumulative energy (E)。改编自艾默生和调查员期间6天,是找到那个电源平均》和新版《mts是535.99 W / day 14,29 %, respectively和能源(china daily)的平均收益是2,64千瓦时。安装:monocrystalline photovoltaic,每日电源和新版平均
{"title":"Evaluasi Kinerja PLTS 1000 Wp di Itenas Bandung","authors":"Fery Hidayat, Dani Rusirawan, Iqbal Tanjung","doi":"10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAKPembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) merupakan salah satu sistem pembangkit non-konvensional yang dapat menggantikan peran pembangkit listrik konvensional. Saat ini Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung (Itenas) sedang mengembangkan instalasi PLTS 1000 Wp jenis grid connected system, menggunakan modul fotovoltaik (FV) tipe monokristalin. Dalam artikel ini, hasil evaluasi berbagai parameter utama modul FV akan dipaparkan dalam rangka mendapatkan kinerja dari PLTS. Pengukuran parameter utama modul FV dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 1.8.2 meliputi radiasi matahari (G) dan temperatur lingkungan (Ta), sebagai parameter masukan serta tegangan (V), arus (I) dan temperatur sel/modul FV (Tc), sebagai parameter keluaran. Pengukuran parameter utama bertujuan untuk memperoleh daya (P), efisiensi (η) serta energi kumulatif (Ek) dari PLTS terpasang. Dari hasil pengujian selama 6 hari, diperoleh daya, efisiensi, dan produksi energi kumulatif rata-rata harian PLTS terpasang adalah 535,99 W/hari, 14,29 % dan 2,64 kWh.Kata kunci: fotovoltaik, monokristalin, daya dan efisiensi rata-rata harian ABSTRACTThe solar power plant (SPP) is one of non convensional power plant, which can be used to substitute the conventional power plant. Presently, Institut Teknologi Nasional (Itenas) has been developed a 1000 Wp grid-connected SPP, using monocrystalline photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this paper, evaluation results of the PV modules parameters will be elaborated to figure out the PV modules characteristics, as a basic to evaluate the SPP performance. The measuring of PV modules have been done using arduino mega 1.8.2 microcontroller. The input parameters of the PV modules are solar radiation (G) and ambient temperature (Ta), meanwhile the output parameters are voltage (V), current (I) and cell/module temperature (Tc). All these parameters are used to estimate the power (P), efficiency (η) and cumulative energy (E). Based on measurements and evaluation during 6 days, it is found that the average of the power and efficiency of the SPP were 535,99 W/day and 14,29 %, respectively, and average yield of energy (daily) was 2,64 kWh .Keywords: photovoltaic, monocrystalline, daily power and efficiency average","PeriodicalId":344430,"journal":{"name":"ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128230768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.85
Jusak Jusak, B. Setiawan, Sony Solehudin, I. Puspasari
ABSTRAKData World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2014 menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia sebanyak 37% dari seluruh penyebab kematian adalah penyakit yang berhubungan dengan jantung. Kehadiran teknologi dan pemanfaatan Internet of Things (IoT) diharapkan dapat membantu mengurangi resiko kematian akibat penyakit jantung tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran dan pengamatan sinyal jantung melalui tele-auskultasi sinyal elektrokardiogram (EKG) dilakukan. Untuk mengamankan sinyal EKG dalam proses transmisi melalui jaringan Internet digunakan metode anonimasi sinyal berbasis algoritma Jusak-Seedahmed. Hasil pengujian menunjukkkan bahwa algoritma Jusak-Seedahmed dapat melakukan proses anonimasi dan proses rekonstruksi sinyal dengan baik. Pengujian korelasi silang antara sinyal hasil rekonstruksi dan sinyal EKG asli sebelum anonimasi menghasilkan korelasi sebesar 1 pada lag=0. Sinyal EKG hasil rekonstruksi ditampilkan dalam aplikasi mobile untuk memudahkan analisis oleh dokter.Kata kunci: elektrokardiogram, keamanan, anonimasi, IoT, FFT ABSTRACTBased on the latest data released by the World Health Organization in 2014, deaths caused by cardiovascular disease in 2012 have reached 37% of the total number of non-communicable diseases deaths in Indonesia. Therefore, it is expected that the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) might be used to reduce the risk of death due to the heart related problems. In this research, a tele-auscultation technique for measuring and monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was built. To secure transmission of the ECG signal over the Internet, we implemented a recently proposed Jusak-Seedahmed algorithm. Our examinations showed that the algorithm performed the anonymization and reconstruction processes well. Crosscorrelation analysis showed that correlation between the reconstructed and the original ECG signal at lag=0 was 1. Furthermore, a mobile-based application had been built to display the reconstructed ECG signal for further analysis.Keywords: electrocardiogram, security, anonimization, IoT, FFT
2014年世界卫生组织(WHO)的抽象数据显示，印尼37%的死因是与心脏有关的疾病。希望互联网的技术和利用可以帮助降低死于心脏病的风险。在这项研究中，通过电心电图信号进行心脏信号测量和观测。为了通过网络传输的心电图信号，使用了一种基于生成算法的信号匿名方法。测试结果表明，浏览算法可以很好地执行信号分析过程和重建过程。在退位前，测试重建信号与真实的心电图信号之间的交叉相关性，将在滞后为1的相关性=0。重建的心电图信号显示在移动应用程序中，以方便医生的分析。关键字:2014年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)发布的最新数据显示，2012年死于心血管疾病的死亡人数占了37%。因此，它预测互联网的应用可能会被用来减少死亡风险，让心灵有问题。在这项研究中，一种电传技术，用于测量和监测电心电图信号。为了安全互联网上关于心电图信号的传输，我们最近推出了一种加强阅读算法。我们的研究表明，算法实现了匿名和重建过程。相反分析表明，reconct和原始ECG信号之间的相关性=0 is 1。此外，一个基于手机应用的应用程序是为了进一步分析ECG信号而构建的。电子邮件，安全，匿名，很多，FFT
{"title":"Implementasi Pengamanan Transmisi Sinyal EKG (Elektrokardiogram) secara Daring dengan Metode Anonimasi","authors":"Jusak Jusak, B. Setiawan, Sony Solehudin, I. Puspasari","doi":"10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.85","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAKData World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2014 menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia sebanyak 37% dari seluruh penyebab kematian adalah penyakit yang berhubungan dengan jantung. Kehadiran teknologi dan pemanfaatan Internet of Things (IoT) diharapkan dapat membantu mengurangi resiko kematian akibat penyakit jantung tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran dan pengamatan sinyal jantung melalui tele-auskultasi sinyal elektrokardiogram (EKG) dilakukan. Untuk mengamankan sinyal EKG dalam proses transmisi melalui jaringan Internet digunakan metode anonimasi sinyal berbasis algoritma Jusak-Seedahmed. Hasil pengujian menunjukkkan bahwa algoritma Jusak-Seedahmed dapat melakukan proses anonimasi dan proses rekonstruksi sinyal dengan baik. Pengujian korelasi silang antara sinyal hasil rekonstruksi dan sinyal EKG asli sebelum anonimasi menghasilkan korelasi sebesar 1 pada lag=0. Sinyal EKG hasil rekonstruksi ditampilkan dalam aplikasi mobile untuk memudahkan analisis oleh dokter.Kata kunci: elektrokardiogram, keamanan, anonimasi, IoT, FFT ABSTRACTBased on the latest data released by the World Health Organization in 2014, deaths caused by cardiovascular disease in 2012 have reached 37% of the total number of non-communicable diseases deaths in Indonesia. Therefore, it is expected that the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) might be used to reduce the risk of death due to the heart related problems. In this research, a tele-auscultation technique for measuring and monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was built. To secure transmission of the ECG signal over the Internet, we implemented a recently proposed Jusak-Seedahmed algorithm. Our examinations showed that the algorithm performed the anonymization and reconstruction processes well. Crosscorrelation analysis showed that correlation between the reconstructed and the original ECG signal at lag=0 was 1. Furthermore, a mobile-based application had been built to display the reconstructed ECG signal for further analysis.Keywords: electrocardiogram, security, anonimization, IoT, FFT","PeriodicalId":344430,"journal":{"name":"ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117299159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRAKDeteksi sinyal banyak diimplementasikan dalam sistem pengolahan sinyal yang sangat kompleks. Sebagai contoh digunakan pada sub sistem pengolahan sinyal radar pengintai yang berfungsi untuk deteksi dan pelacakan target. Salah satu implementasi terbaru dari deteksi sinyal adalah untuk fungsi spectrum sensing pada Cognitive Radio. Deteksi sinyal dapat didefinisikan sebagai binary hypothesis testing, yaitu memutuskan satu dari dua keadaan: hanya derau atau tidak ada sinyal (null hypothesis), dan ada sinyal (alternative hypothesis). Teori deteksi sinyal merupakan bidang yang cukup luas, sehingga paper ini fokus pada pendekatan parametrik dengan Teorema Neyman-Pearson. Kedua hypothesis dimodelkan dengan variabel acak dengan distribusi rapat kemungkinan yang sama tetapi mempunyai parameter yang berbeda. Ditunjukkan penurunan test statistic untuk dua skenario, yaitu distribusi dengan diketahui sebagian dan diketahui penuh. Bagian simulasi menunjukkan kinerja detektor sinyal secara analitis mempunyai hasil yang serupa dengan simulasi Monte Carlo.Kata kunci: deteksi sinyal, Neyman-Pearson, hypothesis testing, spectrum sensing, radar. ABSTRACTSignal detection has been used in many sophisticated signal processing systems, such as for signal processing in surveillance radar which is to detect and to track a radar target. Recently, signal detection is widely used for spectrum sensing in Cognitive Radio. Signal detection is a binary hypothesis testing problem which is to choose one out of two conditions, i.e., noise only or signal absence (null hypothesis), and signal presence (alternative hypothesis). Since signal detection theory is a wide area, this paper only focuses on parametric approach using Neyman-Pearson theorem. The two hypotheses are modeled by random variables having the same distribution but different parameters. The derivations of test statistics (detectors) are shown for two scenarios, i.e., partially known and perfectly known distributions. Analytical results and Monte Carlo simulations of the derived detectors show similar performances.Keywords: signal detection, Neyman-Pearson, hypothesis testing, spectrum sensing, radar.
ABSTRAKDeteksi信号很多非常复杂的信号处理系统中实施。例如，在一种用于探测和跟踪目标的雷达处理系统中使用。最近的信号探测执行之一是在无线电认知上的频谱感官功能。可以定义为二进制信号检测hypothesis测试,即决定从两种情况:只有空derau或没有信号(hypothesis),还有信号(另类hypothesis)。信号检测理论是相当广泛的领域,所以这篇文章关注的parametrik Neyman-Pearson定理的方法。第二hypothesis面前与会议分布随机变量相同的可能性,但有不同的参数。展示两个场景,即测试statistic减少已知和部分地分布。部分地显示信号探测器性能模拟分析也有类似于蒙特卡洛模拟的结果。关键词:信号检测、Neyman-Pearson hypothesis测试,全谱sensing,雷达。ABSTRACTSignal detection已被用在许多中等复杂信号加工系统,美国如此为加工在监控雷达信号,这是需要检测和跟踪百万目标雷达。最近,detection is widely used for信号频谱sensing in Cognitive收音机。detection是一个二进制信号hypothesis测试问题,这是需要选择一号out of两个条件,神盾局,零噪音只有或信号存在(hypothesis),和信号存在(另类hypothesis)。自从detection信号理论是一个宽区域,这篇文章只是用Neyman-Pearson focuses on parametric进近定理。两个hypotheses是modeled由随机variables玩得不变distribution但different parameters)。测试统计(detectors derivations》)是两份展示情况,神盾局部分认识和知名distributions极了。分析《derived results和蒙特卡洛simulations detectors秀类似performances。安装:信号detection, Neyman-Pearson hypothesis测试,全谱sensing,雷达。
{"title":"Deteksi Sinyal : Overview Model Parametrik menggunakan Kriteria Neyman-Pearson","authors":"Fiky Yosef Suratman, Aloysius Adya Pramudita, Dharu Arseno","doi":"10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.14","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAKDeteksi sinyal banyak diimplementasikan dalam sistem pengolahan sinyal yang sangat kompleks. Sebagai contoh digunakan pada sub sistem pengolahan sinyal radar pengintai yang berfungsi untuk deteksi dan pelacakan target. Salah satu implementasi terbaru dari deteksi sinyal adalah untuk fungsi spectrum sensing pada Cognitive Radio. Deteksi sinyal dapat didefinisikan sebagai binary hypothesis testing, yaitu memutuskan satu dari dua keadaan: hanya derau atau tidak ada sinyal (null hypothesis), dan ada sinyal (alternative hypothesis). Teori deteksi sinyal merupakan bidang yang cukup luas, sehingga paper ini fokus pada pendekatan parametrik dengan Teorema Neyman-Pearson. Kedua hypothesis dimodelkan dengan variabel acak dengan distribusi rapat kemungkinan yang sama tetapi mempunyai parameter yang berbeda. Ditunjukkan penurunan test statistic untuk dua skenario, yaitu distribusi dengan diketahui sebagian dan diketahui penuh. Bagian simulasi menunjukkan kinerja detektor sinyal secara analitis mempunyai hasil yang serupa dengan simulasi Monte Carlo.Kata kunci: deteksi sinyal, Neyman-Pearson, hypothesis testing, spectrum sensing, radar. ABSTRACTSignal detection has been used in many sophisticated signal processing systems, such as for signal processing in surveillance radar which is to detect and to track a radar target. Recently, signal detection is widely used for spectrum sensing in Cognitive Radio. Signal detection is a binary hypothesis testing problem which is to choose one out of two conditions, i.e., noise only or signal absence (null hypothesis), and signal presence (alternative hypothesis). Since signal detection theory is a wide area, this paper only focuses on parametric approach using Neyman-Pearson theorem. The two hypotheses are modeled by random variables having the same distribution but different parameters. The derivations of test statistics (detectors) are shown for two scenarios, i.e., partially known and perfectly known distributions. Analytical results and Monte Carlo simulations of the derived detectors show similar performances.Keywords: signal detection, Neyman-Pearson, hypothesis testing, spectrum sensing, radar.","PeriodicalId":344430,"journal":{"name":"ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126184238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.29
Gelar Budiman, Irma Safitri, Rizky Damarjati Siregar
ABSTRAK Audio watermarking adalah mekanisme penyembunyian data pada audio. Metode penyembunyian data yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Centroid dan Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). Langkah pertama adalah host audio tersegmentasi menjadi beberapa frame. Kemudian sub-band terpilih diubah oleh FFT dengan mengubah domain sub-band dari waktu ke frekuensi. Proses centroid digunakan untuk menemukan titik pusat frekuensi untuk lokasi penyisipan untuk mendapatkan output yang lebih stabil. Proses penyematan dilakukan dengan QIM. Kinerja watermarking oleh parameter yang disesuaikan memperoleh nilai imperceptibility dengan Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) > 21 dB, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)> 3.8 dengan kapasitas = 86.13 bps. Selain itu, untuk sebagian besar file audio terwatermark yang diserang, metode ini tahan terhadap beberapa serangan seperti Low Pass Filter (LPF) dengan fco> 6 kHz, Band Pass Filter (BPF) dengan fco 50 Hz - 6 kHz, Linear Speed Change (LSC) dan MP4 Compression dengan Bit Error Rate (BER) kurang dari 20%. Kata kunci: FFT, subband, LWT, Centroid, Audio Watermarking, QIM ABSTRACT Audio watermarking is a mechanism for hiding data on audio. Data hiding methods used in this paper are Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Centroid and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). The first step is to segment host audio into several frames, then the selected sub-band is changed by the FFT by changing the sub-band domain from time to frequency. The centroid process is used to find the center of frequency for the insertion location to get a more stable output. The embedding process is done by QIM. The watermarking performance by adjusted parameters obtains the imperceptibility value with Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)> 21 dB, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)> 3.8 with a capacity = 86.13 bps. In addition, for most of attacked watermarked audio files, this method is resistant to several attacks such as Low Pass Filter (LPF) with fco> 6 kHz, Band Pass Filter (BPF) with fco 50 Hz - 6 kHz, Linear Speed Change (LSC) and MP4 Compression with Bit Error Rate (BER) less than 20%. Keywords: FFT, subband, LWT, Centroid, Audio Watermarking, QIM
{"title":"Image Hiding on Audio Subband Based On Centroid in Frequency Domain","authors":"Gelar Budiman, Irma Safitri, Rizky Damarjati Siregar","doi":"10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.29","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK Audio watermarking adalah mekanisme penyembunyian data pada audio. Metode penyembunyian data yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Centroid dan Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). Langkah pertama adalah host audio tersegmentasi menjadi beberapa frame. Kemudian sub-band terpilih diubah oleh FFT dengan mengubah domain sub-band dari waktu ke frekuensi. Proses centroid digunakan untuk menemukan titik pusat frekuensi untuk lokasi penyisipan untuk mendapatkan output yang lebih stabil. Proses penyematan dilakukan dengan QIM. Kinerja watermarking oleh parameter yang disesuaikan memperoleh nilai imperceptibility dengan Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) > 21 dB, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)> 3.8 dengan kapasitas = 86.13 bps. Selain itu, untuk sebagian besar file audio terwatermark yang diserang, metode ini tahan terhadap beberapa serangan seperti Low Pass Filter (LPF) dengan fco> 6 kHz, Band Pass Filter (BPF) dengan fco 50 Hz - 6 kHz, Linear Speed Change (LSC) dan MP4 Compression dengan Bit Error Rate (BER) kurang dari 20%. Kata kunci: FFT, subband, LWT, Centroid, Audio Watermarking, QIM ABSTRACT Audio watermarking is a mechanism for hiding data on audio. Data hiding methods used in this paper are Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Centroid and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). The first step is to segment host audio into several frames, then the selected sub-band is changed by the FFT by changing the sub-band domain from time to frequency. The centroid process is used to find the center of frequency for the insertion location to get a more stable output. The embedding process is done by QIM. The watermarking performance by adjusted parameters obtains the imperceptibility value with Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)> 21 dB, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)> 3.8 with a capacity = 86.13 bps. In addition, for most of attacked watermarked audio files, this method is resistant to several attacks such as Low Pass Filter (LPF) with fco> 6 kHz, Band Pass Filter (BPF) with fco 50 Hz - 6 kHz, Linear Speed Change (LSC) and MP4 Compression with Bit Error Rate (BER) less than 20%. Keywords: FFT, subband, LWT, Centroid, Audio Watermarking, QIM","PeriodicalId":344430,"journal":{"name":"ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.43
Fajar Wahyu Ardianto, Setyawan Renaldy, Farhan Fathir Lanang, T. Yunita
ABSTRAKKebutuhan pengguna yang semakin meningkat harus diimbangi dengan peningkatan kecepatan data dan kapasitas suatu jaringan, sehingga diperlukan bandwidth yang lebar. 5G merupakan salah satu teknologi yang akan diresmikan tahun 2020 yang menjadi solusi terhadap peningkatan kecepatan data dan kapasitas layanan. Salah satu kandidat yang menjadi frekuensi kerja 5G yaitu 28 GHz. Antena mikrostrip merupakan salah satu jenis antena yang dapat digunakan untuk teknologi 5G. Namun, antena mikrostrip memiliki beberapa kekurangan, diantaranya bandwidth dan gain yang kecil. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan teknik yang dapat meningkatkan bandwidth dan gain antena. Pada penelitian ini dirancang antena mikrostrip bentuk rectangular patch yang ditambahkan slot berbentuk U dengan tujuan meningkatkan bandwidth dan disusun secara array 1×2 untuk meningkatkan gain antena. Hasil dari simulasi didapatkan antena mampu bekerja pada rentang frekuensi 27,5 GHz – 29,12 GHz pada batas return loss kurang dari -15 dB dengan bandwidth sebesar 1,62 GHz. Nilai gain yang dihasilkan sebesar 7,52 dB. Pola radiasi yang dihasilkan, yaitu unidireksional dan berpolarisasi secara linear.Kata kunci: 5G, 28 GHz, mikrostrip, rectangular patch, array, U-Slot ABSTRACTData rate and network capacity improvements offset the increase of user needs, hence it requires a wider bandwidth. The most current high-end technology, which can solve the problem is 5G. One of the frequency that becomes the candidate of 5G is 28 GHz. For 5G, it could apply one of the antenna types, micro strip antenna. However, micro strip antenna has a shortage of narrow bandwidth and small gain. Therefore, it requires a technique to increase the bandwidth and gain of the antenna. In this study, the form of micro strip of antenna design is a rectangular patch with the addition of U-Slot and arranged 1x2 to increase the bandwidth and antenna gain. The results of the simulation show that the antenna is working well at the range frequency of 27.5 GHz - 29.12 GHz, with a return loss limit of -15 dB with bandwidth of 1.62 GHz, the resulting gain value is 7.52 dB, the resulting radiation pattern is unidirectional and linearly polarized.Keywords: 5G, 28 GHz, microstrip, rectangular patch, array, U-Slot
不断增长的用户需求抽象必须被数据速度和网络能力的增加所抵消，因此需要宽带宽。5G是2020年推出的技术之一，这将有助于提高数据速度和服务能力。5G工作频率的候选人之一是28千兆赫。微带天线是一种可以用于5G技术的天线。然而，微带天线有一些缺陷，其中包括带宽和小增益。这需要技术来增加带宽和天线增益。这项研究设计的天线mikrostrip长方形的形状的补丁加U形槽地编纂目的提高带宽和1×2提高天线增益阵。模拟捕获的结果是天线能够在27.5千兆赫——29.12千兆赫的频率范围内工作，损失回波小于-15分贝，其带宽为1.62千兆赫。增益成绩为7.52分贝。产生的辐射模式，是单一的和极化的线性。关键词:5G, 28 GHz，微条，rectang响尾蛇patch, array, u -插槽数据速率和网络电容器移动最现有的高端技术，可以解决问题的是5G。5G的候选人中有一个是28千兆赫。5G的情况下，可以使用一个天线，微带天线。However，微条天线有一小段狭窄的带宽和小增益。因此，它要求增加带宽并增加天线的增益。在这项研究中，天线设计的微型条带是一个带有u -插槽附加功能的补丁，增加带宽和天线增益。模拟秀那results》《太阳城的频率天线是短期嗯at 27 . 5ghz兆赫,12 - 29。with a return键- 15分贝之损失限额with增益带宽的1 . 62兆赫,The resulting价值是7 . 52 dB, The resulting辐射模式是unidirectional和linearly polarized。数字:5G, 28千兆赫，微带，尾带，阵列，u -槽
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Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.126
Sri Utami, Purwinda Iriani, Yanti Suprianti
ABSTRAKBiogas merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang murah dan berkategori non-polusi. Kebutuhan untuk memonitor serta mengontrol plant biogas bertambah seiring kebutuhan mengoptimalkan stabilitas proses untuk mendapatkan performansi yang tinggi. Monitoring biogas dapat memberikan gambaran keseluruhan proses pembangkitan biogas dan digunakan untuk memprediksi proses fermentasi yang berlangsung. Selain itu, dapat pula meminimalkan gagalnya proses fermentasi dan menghasilkan biogas secara optimal. Dalam penelitian ini proses monitoring dilakukan pada digester dua tahap berbahan dasar ampas tahu dan difokuskan pada pH dan volume biogas yang dihasilkan menggunakan dfrobot sku Sen0160 dan YF-S201 serta solenoid valve sebagai aktuatornya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa set point pH 5.3 pada digester asetogenesis dapat dicapai pada hari ke enam untuk tiga percobaan. Dalam digester metanogenesis nilai pH dapat dijaga pada pH 7 ±0.3. Jumlah volume biogas tertinggi yang dihasilkan sebesar 97.2 L.Kata kunci: digester dua tahap, fermentasi, asetogenesis, metanogenesis ABSTRACTBiogas is one of an inexpensive and non-pollution renewable energy source. A requirement for optimization and stabilization of biogas plant affected on the need of monitor and control system in the plant. Biogas monitoring system represents a process in biogas generation and has the ability to predict fermentation. In addition, the system built can be used to control the fermentation process and to minimize the failure of the process. This means the process will produce biogas optimally. In this research, the monitoring system was used on two stages digester using tofu as raw material. pH and biogas volume produced are two focuses in this study using SKU Sen0160 dan YF-S201 as sensors and solenoid valve as an actuator. For three experiments data show, set point for pH (5.3) is achieved at day sixth for acetogenesis digester. For methanogenesis, pH can be maintained at 7 ±0.3. The highest volume of biogas produced was 97.2 L.Keywords: two stages digester, fermentation, acetogenesis, methanogenesis digester
ABSTRAKBiogas是便宜的可再生能源之一和non-polusi级。需求来监测和控制沼气工厂增加随着需求优化获得高的确认过程的稳定性。沼气可以说明整个过程监测复活沼气,用于预测的发酵过程。此外,也可以减少糖料作物发酵过程和最佳生产沼气。这项研究过程中基本是渣滓知道digester两个阶段进行监测和使用产生的沼气集中在pH值和音量dfrobot我作为aktuatornya Sen0160 YF-S201和螺线管阀。研究结果表明,set point pH在3 5 . digester asetogenesis实验可以实现三到六的日子。在digester metanogenesis pH值上可以保持pH值7±0。3。音量沼气产生的最高金额为97 2 L。关键词:digester两个阶段发酵、asetogenesis metanogenesis ABSTRACTBiogas是一号of an inexpensive and non-pollution)可再生能源源代码。A requirement for optimization》和沼气工厂受到影响stabilization》《植物需要的监测和控制系统。沼气系统代表了一种监测的过程在沼气generation和预测fermentation的不在乎了。在加法,,《fermentation控制系统的基础可以成为习惯的过程和对最小化failure》的过程。这意味着《威尔农产品沼气optimally的过程。在这个研究,监测系统是美国过去在两个阶段用豆腐digester raw材料。pH和沼气体积是由两个用我Sen0160 focuses in this study美国YF-S201 sensors和螺线管阀actuator的美国。数据为三个experiments秀,set point For pH(5)。3)是为acetogenesis achieved at日第六digester。为了methanogenesis, pH值可以成为maintained at 7±0。3。沼气之最高音量由97。2 . L .安装:两只阶段digester fermentation, acetogenesis methanogenesis digester
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Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.112
Rendy Dwi Rendragraha, Gelar Budiman, Irma Safitri
ABSTRAKAudio watermarking adalah teknik memasukkan informasi ke dalam file audio dan untuk melindungi hak cipta data digital dari distribusi ilegal. Makalah ini memperkenalkan audio stereo watermarking berdasarkan Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) dengan teknik gabungan Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) - QRCartesian Polar Transform (CPT). Host audio dibagi menjadi beberapa frame, selanjutnya setiap frame ditransformasi oleh DCT, kemudian output DCT diuraikan menjadi matriks orthogonal dan matriks segitiga menggunakan metode QR. Selanjutnya, CPT mengubah dua koefisien kartesian dari matriks segitiga (R) pada posisi (1,1) dan (2,2) menjadi koefisien polar. Setelah itu, penyisipan dilakukan pada koefisien polar oleh QIM. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa imperseptibilitas audio terwatermark berkualitas baik dengan Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)> 20, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)> 4 dan tahan terhadap serangan seperti Low Pass Filter (LPF) dan Band Pass Filter (BPF) dengan cut off 25-6k, resampling, Linear Speed Change (LSC) dan MP3 Compression dengan rate diatas 64 kbps.Kata kunci: Audio Watermarking, CPT, DCT, QIM, QR ABSTRACTAudio watermarking is a technique for inserting information into an audio file and to protect the copyright of digital data from illegal distribution. This paper introduces a stereo audio watermarking based on Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) with combined technique Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) – QR – Cartesian Polar Transform (CPT). Each frame of a host audio is transformed by DCT, then DCT output is decomposed using QR method. Next, CPT transform two cartesian coefficients from triangular matrix (R) in position (1,1) and (2,2) to polar coefficients. After that, embedding is executed on polar coefficients by QIM. The simulation result shows that the imperceptibility is good with Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)>20, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)>4 and it is robust against attacks such as Low Pass Filter (LPF) and Band Pass Filter (BPF) with cut off 25-6k, Resampling, Linear Speed Change and MP3 Compression with rate 64 kbps and above. Keywords: Audio Watermarking, CPT, DCT, QIM, QR
{"title":"QIM - Based Audio Watermarking with Combination Technique of DCT-QR-CPT","authors":"Rendy Dwi Rendragraha, Gelar Budiman, Irma Safitri","doi":"10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAKAudio watermarking adalah teknik memasukkan informasi ke dalam file audio dan untuk melindungi hak cipta data digital dari distribusi ilegal. Makalah ini memperkenalkan audio stereo watermarking berdasarkan Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) dengan teknik gabungan Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) - QRCartesian Polar Transform (CPT). Host audio dibagi menjadi beberapa frame, selanjutnya setiap frame ditransformasi oleh DCT, kemudian output DCT diuraikan menjadi matriks orthogonal dan matriks segitiga menggunakan metode QR. Selanjutnya, CPT mengubah dua koefisien kartesian dari matriks segitiga (R) pada posisi (1,1) dan (2,2) menjadi koefisien polar. Setelah itu, penyisipan dilakukan pada koefisien polar oleh QIM. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa imperseptibilitas audio terwatermark berkualitas baik dengan Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)> 20, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)> 4 dan tahan terhadap serangan seperti Low Pass Filter (LPF) dan Band Pass Filter (BPF) dengan cut off 25-6k, resampling, Linear Speed Change (LSC) dan MP3 Compression dengan rate diatas 64 kbps.Kata kunci: Audio Watermarking, CPT, DCT, QIM, QR ABSTRACTAudio watermarking is a technique for inserting information into an audio file and to protect the copyright of digital data from illegal distribution. This paper introduces a stereo audio watermarking based on Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) with combined technique Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) – QR – Cartesian Polar Transform (CPT). Each frame of a host audio is transformed by DCT, then DCT output is decomposed using QR method. Next, CPT transform two cartesian coefficients from triangular matrix (R) in position (1,1) and (2,2) to polar coefficients. After that, embedding is executed on polar coefficients by QIM. The simulation result shows that the imperceptibility is good with Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)>20, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)>4 and it is robust against attacks such as Low Pass Filter (LPF) and Band Pass Filter (BPF) with cut off 25-6k, Resampling, Linear Speed Change and MP3 Compression with rate 64 kbps and above. Keywords: Audio Watermarking, CPT, DCT, QIM, QR","PeriodicalId":344430,"journal":{"name":"ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika","volume":"967 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123311829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.151
Baso Maruddani, Efri Sandi, Muhammad Fadhil Naufal Salam
ABSTRAKAntena Vivaldi merupakan salah satu jenis antena yang diimplementasikan pada radar penembus permukaan (Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR). GPR adalah salah satu metode non-destructive testing yang biasa digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi beton/jalan raya. Penelitian ini merancang sebuah antena Vivaldi untuk digunakan pada GPR dengan frekuensi kerja 1 GHz – 2 GHz. Metode yang digunakan untuk merancang dan mengoptimasi antena Vivaldi adalah dengan mengubah beberapa parameter untuk mencapai spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Parameter tersebut antara lain lebar antena, panjang antena dan tapered slot. Optimasi yang dilakukan tetap memperhatikan pola radiasi antena agar tetap terarah. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan antena Vivaldi dengan dimensi 350x300 mm dengan return loss di bawah -10 dB pada rentang frekuensi 1 GHz – 2 GHz. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perubahan nilai parameter lebar antena dan tapered slot menggeser frekuensi kerja antena secara signifikan.Kata kunci: Ground Penetrating Radar, Vivaldi, return loss, parameter antena ABSTRACTThe Vivaldi antenna is one type of antenna that is implemented on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). GPR is one of the non-destructive testing methods commonly used to determine the condition of concrete / highway. This studyaim to design a Vivaldi antenna to be used on GPR with a working frequency of 1 GHz - 2 GHz. The method that used to design and optimize Vivaldi antennas is by changing several parameters to achieve the desired specifications. These parameters include antenna width, antenna length and tapered slot. Optimization carried out still observes the radiation pattern of the antenna to keep it directed. The results showed that 350 x 300 mm antennas with return loss below -10 dB in the frequency range of 1 GHz - 2 GHz. The results also show that changes in the parameter width of the antenna and tapered slots shift the antenna working frequency significantly.Keywords: Ground Penetrating Radar, Vivaldi, return loss, antenna parameter
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Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.97
I. Rachman, Ramadani Bima Hammam Nurafalah, Noorman Rinanto
ABSTRAKData kapal dari perangkat AIS (Automatic Identification System) merupakan sumber informasi bagi nahkoda kapal laut. Informasi-informasi tersebut diperoleh dengan mengubah menu secara manual pada layar AIS yang berukuran kecil. Pembuatan perangkat pada penelitian ini difungsikan sebagai pendukung kinerja AIS dalam penyampaian informasi secara berkelanjutan dan otomatis. Data NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) 0183 dari AIS MA-500TR diakuisisi melalui proses penafsiran, pemilihan, penguraian dan pengurutan untuk menghasilkan data RMC (Recommended Minimum Specific) menggunakan bahasa C pada Arduino Uno R3. Kesesuaian tampilan data RMC untuk waktu, posisi dan tanggal pada modul LED P10 dengan AIS MA-500TR sebesar 100 %. Sedangkan tampilan untuk kecepatan dan heading pada modul LED P10 memiliki akurasi lebih tinggi daripada AIS MA-500TR karena mampu menampilkan dua digit angka setelah tanda koma.Kata kunci: kapal, AIS, informasi, NMEA 0183, akuisisi ABSTRACTShip’s data from the AIS (Automatic Identification System) device is a source of information for the shipmaster. That information is obtained by manually changing the menu on the small size of the AIS screen. The prototype in this study is used to support AIS performance in order to get information continuously and automatically. NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) 0183 data from the AIS MA-500TR was acquired through the process of interpretation, filtering, parsing and sorting to generate RMC (Recommended Minimum Specific) data using C language on the Arduino Uno R3. The accuracy of RMC data display for time, position and date on the LED P10 module with the AIS MA-500TR are 100 %. While the display for speed and heading on the LED P10 module has a higher accuracy than the AIS MA-500TR because it is able to display two-digit numbers after a comma.Keywords: ship, AIS, information, NMEA 0183, acquisition
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Pub Date : 2019-01-24DOI: 10.26760/ELKOMIKA.V7I1.72
E. Surya, Y. K. Ningsih
ABSTRAK Sistem monitoring adalah hal yang sangat penting dan harus dimiliki oleh setiap pemilik rumah. Sehingga diperlukan alat untuk dapat mengawasi rumah secara real-time. Perancangan sistem menggunakan Raspberry-Pi sebagai pusat komputasi dan menggunakan smartphone berbasis android untuk melakukan monitoring. Sistem ini dilengkapi dengan beberapa fitur diantaranya pergerakan kamera secara horisontal dan vertikal menggunakan motor servo, sistem recording video yang dapat dikendalikan oleh user, serta sistem deteksi gerakan yang dapat menjadi alert untuk pengguna. Pengujian sistem dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pengujian network dilihat dari parameter bandwidth dan jumlah client dalam suatu jaringan untuk mendapatkan suatu sistem monitoring yang real-time, reliable dan smart. Dalam hasil pengujian dengan maksimum 2 klien dalam 1 network, sistem dapat menangkap rata-rata 10.7 frames per second, serta memiliki respon pergerakan kamera < 1 second. Pengujian fitur perekaman dan motion detection juga berfungsi dengan baik, sehingga sistem monitoring ini menjadi sistem yang smart dan reliable. Kata kunci: Real-time, Rasberry-Pi, Smart Monitoring. ABSTRACT The monitoring system is very important and must be owned by every homeowner. Therefore, it needed some tools to be self-sufficient in real-time. The design of the system using Raspberry-Pi as a computing center and use an Android smartphone to perform monitoring. Equipped with a servo motor, a user-controlled video recording system, and a motion detection system that can generate alert to the user. Testing is done by doing network testing seen from the bandwidth parameters and number of clients in a network for a real-time, reliable and smart monitoring system. In the test results with maximum 2 clients in a network, the system can capture an average of 10.7 frames per second and has a camera movement response of <1 sec. Testing of the recording and motion detection feature also works well, so the monitoring system becomes a smart and reliable system. Keywords: Real-time, Rasberry-Pi, Smart Monitoring.
抽象的监控系统是非常重要的，每个房主都应该拥有它。所以需要一个工具来实时监控房子。该系统的设计使用覆盆子- pi作为计算机中心，使用android驱动的智能手机进行监控。该系统还配备了使用servo电机、可以控制视频录音系统以及可以提醒用户的运动检测系统的水平和垂直运动功能。系统测试是通过运行网络测试的方式进行的，从网络的带宽参数和客户数量来获得一个实时、可靠和聪明的监控系统。在一个网络的最大测试结果中，系统平均每秒捕获10.7帧，并对相机移动响应< 1秒。测试记录功能和运动探测也很好，因此监控系统变得非常聪明和可靠。关键词:实时，Rasberry-Pi，智能监控。监控系统的不可取之处是非常重要的，必须被每个家庭成员控制。因此，它需要一些工具来实时自给自足。这个设计系统使用树莓- pi作为一个计算机中心，使用一个Android智能手机来监控。配备一个伺服电机，一个用户控制的视频记录系统，一个可以生成用户警告的移动检测系统。通过对网络进行的测试，可以从带宽用户和智能监测系统的数据网络中查看数据。《测试和maximum 2奥利弗results In a network),系统可以捕获的平均》10 . 7 frames per second》和< 1 sec有a相机运动反应。测试录音和运动detection》feature也管用吧,所以监测系统变成了a smart和可靠的系统。实时，Rasberry-Pi，智能监控。
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