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Big data analysis and query optimization improve HadoopDB performance 大数据分析和查询优化提高了hadoop数据库的性能
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660529
Cherif A. A. Bissiriou, H. Chaoui
High performance and scalability are two essentials requirements for data analytics systems as the amount of data being collected, stored and processed continue to grow rapidly. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on HadoopDB. Our main goal is to improve HadoopDB performance by adding some components. To achieve this, we incorporate a fast and space-efficient data placement structure in MapReduce-based Warehouse systems and another SQL-to-MapReduce translator. We also replace the initial Database implemented in HadoopDB with other column oriented Database. In addition we add security mechanism to protect MapReduce processing integrity.
随着收集、存储和处理的数据量持续快速增长,高性能和可扩展性是数据分析系统的两个基本要求。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于hadoop数据库的新方法。我们的主要目标是通过添加一些组件来提高HadoopDB的性能。为了实现这一点,我们在基于mapreduce的仓库系统和另一个SQL-to-MapReduce转换器中合并了一个快速且节省空间的数据放置结构。我们还将在HadoopDB中实现的初始数据库替换为其他面向列的数据库。此外,我们还增加了安全机制来保护MapReduce处理的完整性。
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引用次数: 3
Semantically faceted navigation with topic pies 带有主题馅饼的语义分面导航
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660522
Tilman Deuschel, Christian Greppmeier, B. Humm, W. Stille
Faceted search allows navigating through large collections along different dimensions in order to find relevant objects efficiently. Traditional faceted search systems often suffer from a lack of usability; furthermore facets are often static and independent from the search result set. In this paper, we present a dynamic semantic topical faceting approach. It uses a pie menu called topic pie that allows visualisation of facets and user interaction. Depending on the search query, the topic pie presents a set of topics and major topics which help the user to drill down the search result set to relevant objects efficiently as well as to browse exploratively through the collection. The underlying algorithm optimises the conflicting goals relevance and diversity while avoiding information overload. It reveals a good performance on large data sets. As our use-case, we chose literature research in scientific libraries. An evaluation shows major advantages of our approach compared to state-of-the-art faceted search techniques in nowadays library portals.
分面搜索允许沿着不同的维度在大型集合中导航,以便有效地找到相关对象。传统的分面搜索系统通常缺乏可用性;此外,方面通常是静态的,独立于搜索结果集。在本文中,我们提出了一种动态语义主题切面方法。它使用一个名为topic pie的饼式菜单,允许对facet和用户交互进行可视化。根据搜索查询,主题饼状图显示了一组主题和主要主题,这些主题帮助用户有效地向下钻取搜索结果集到相关对象,并探索性地浏览集合。底层算法在避免信息过载的同时,优化了冲突目标的相关性和多样性。它在大型数据集上显示出良好的性能。作为我们的用例,我们选择了科学图书馆中的文献研究。评估显示,与当今图书馆门户网站中最先进的面搜索技术相比,我们的方法具有主要优势。
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引用次数: 12
Towards an open question answering architecture 朝向一个开放的问题回答架构
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660519
Edgard Marx, Ricardo Usbeck, A. N. Ngomo, Konrad Höffner, Jens Lehmann, S. Auer
Billions of facts pertaining to a multitude of domains are now available on the Web as RDF data. However, accessing this data is still a difficult endeavour for non-expert users. In order to meliorate the access to this data, approaches imposing minimal hurdles to their users are required. Although many question answering systems over Linked Data have being proposed, retrieving the desired data is still significantly challenging. In addition, developing and evaluating question answering systems remains a very complex task. To overcome these obstacles, we present a modular and extensible open-source question answering framework. We demonstrate how the framework can be used by integrating two state-of-the-art question answering systems. As a result our evaluation shows that overall better results can be achieved by the use of combination rather than individual stand-alone versions.
与众多领域相关的数十亿事实现在都以RDF数据的形式出现在Web上。然而,对于非专业用户来说,访问这些数据仍然是一项困难的努力。为了改善对这些数据的访问,需要对其用户施加最小障碍的方法。尽管已经提出了许多基于关联数据的问答系统,但检索所需数据仍然具有很大的挑战性。此外,开发和评估问答系统仍然是一项非常复杂的任务。为了克服这些障碍,我们提出了一个模块化和可扩展的开源问答框架。我们将演示如何通过集成两个最先进的问答系统来使用该框架。因此,我们的评估表明,使用组合而不是单独的单独版本可以获得更好的总体结果。
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引用次数: 53
Toward matching the relation instantiation from DBpedia ontology to Wikipedia text: fusing FrameNet to Korean 从DBpedia本体到Wikipedia文本的关系实例化匹配:框架与韩文融合
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660534
YoungGyun Hahm, Youngsik Kim, Yousung Won, Jongsung Woo, Jiwoo Seo, Jiseong Kim, Seong-Bae Park, D. Hwang, Key-Sun Choi
Nowadays, there are many ongoing researches to construct knowledge bases from unstructured data. This process requires an ontology that includes enough properties to cover the various attributes of knowledge elements. As a huge encyclopedia, Wikipedia is a typical unstructured corpora of knowledge. DBpedia, a structured knowledge base constructed from Wikipedia, is based on DBpedia ontology which was created to represent knowledge in Wikipedia well. However, DBpedia ontology is a Wikipedia-Infobox-driven ontology. This means that although it is suitable to represent essential knowledge of Wikipedia, it does not cover all of the knowledge in Wikipedia text. In overcoming this problem, resources representing semantics or relations of words such as WordNet and FrameNet are considered useful. In this paper we determined whether DBpedia ontology is enough to cover a sufficient amount of natural language written knowledge in Wikipedia. We mainly focused on the Korean Wikipedia, and calculated the Korean Wikipedia coverage rate with two methods, by the DBpedia ontology and by FrameNet frames. To do this, we extracted sentences with extractable knowledge from Wikipedia text, and also extracted natural language predicates by Part-Of-Speech tagging. We generated Korean lexicons for DBpedia ontology properties and frame indexes, and used these lexicons to measure the Korean Wikipedia coverage ratio of the DBpedia ontology and frames. By our measurements, FrameNet frames cover 73.85% of the Korean Wikipedia sentences, which is a sufficient portion of Wikipedia text. We finally show the limitations of DBpedia and FrameNet briefly, and propose the outlook of constructing knowledge bases based on the experiment results.
目前,从非结构化数据中构建知识库的研究正在进行中。这个过程需要一个本体,它包含足够的属性来覆盖知识元素的各种属性。作为一个庞大的百科全书,维基百科是一个典型的非结构化的知识语料库。DBpedia是基于DBpedia本体而构建的结构化知识库,DBpedia本体是为了很好地表示维基百科中的知识而创建的。然而,DBpedia本体是一个wikipedia - infobox驱动的本体。这意味着,虽然它适合表示维基百科的基本知识,但它并不能涵盖维基百科文本中的所有知识。为了克服这个问题,表示语义或词的关系的资源(如WordNet和frameet)被认为是有用的。在本文中,我们确定DBpedia本体是否足以覆盖维基百科中足够数量的自然语言书面知识。我们主要以韩文维基百科为研究对象,采用DBpedia本体和FrameNet框架两种方法计算韩文维基百科的覆盖率。为此,我们从维基百科文本中提取具有可提取知识的句子,并通过词性标注提取自然语言谓词。我们生成了DBpedia本体属性和框架索引的韩文词典,并使用这些词典度量了DBpedia本体和框架的韩文维基百科覆盖率。根据我们的测量,FrameNet框架覆盖了73.85%的韩语维基百科句子,这是维基百科文本的足够部分。最后简要指出了DBpedia和FrameNet的局限性,并根据实验结果提出了构建知识库的展望。
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引用次数: 9
Shape expressions: an RDF validation and transformation language 形状表达式:一种RDF验证和转换语言
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660523
E. Prud'hommeaux, Jose Emilio Labra Gayo, H. Solbrig
RDF is a graph based data model which is widely used for semantic web and linked data applications. In this paper we describe a Shape Expression definition language which enables RDF validation through the declaration of constraints on the RDF model. Shape Expressions can be used to validate RDF data, communicate expected graph patterns for interfaces and generate user interface forms. In this paper we describe the syntax and the formal semantics of Shape Expressions using inference rules. Shape Expressions can be seen as domain specific language to define Shapes of RDF graphs based on regular expressions. Attached to Shape Expressions are semantic actions which provide an extension point for validation or for arbitrary code execution such as those in parser generators. Using semantic actions, it is possible to augment the validation expressiveness of Shape Expressions and to transform RDF graphs in a easy way. We have implemented several validation tools that check if an RDF graph matches against a Shape Expressions schema and infer the corresponding Shapes. We have also implemented two extensions, called GenX and GenJ that leverage the predictability of the graph traversal and create ordered, closed content, XML/Json documents, providing a simple, declarative mapping from RDF data to XML and Json documents.
RDF是一种基于图的数据模型,广泛用于语义网和链接数据应用。在本文中,我们描述了一种形状表达式定义语言,它通过在RDF模型上声明约束来实现RDF验证。形状表达式可用于验证RDF数据、传递预期的接口图形模式和生成用户界面表单。本文用推理规则描述形状表达式的语法和形式语义。形状表达式可以看作是基于正则表达式定义RDF图形状的领域特定语言。附加到形状表达式的是语义操作,它为验证或任意代码执行(如解析器生成器中的代码)提供扩展点。使用语义操作,可以增强Shape Expressions的验证表达能力,并以一种简单的方式转换RDF图。我们已经实现了几个验证工具,它们检查RDF图是否与Shape Expressions模式匹配,并推断出相应的形状。我们还实现了两个扩展,GenX和GenJ,它们利用图遍历的可预测性,创建有序的封闭内容XML/Json文档,提供从RDF数据到XML和Json文档的简单的声明性映射。
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引用次数: 150
A service-oriented search framework for full text, geospatial and semantic search 一个面向服务的搜索框架,用于全文、地理空间和语义搜索
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660528
A. Both, A. N. Ngomo, Ricardo Usbeck, Denis Lukovnikov, Christian Lemke, Maximilian Speicher
Over the last decade, a growing importance of search engines could be observed. An increasing amount of knowledge is exposed and connected within the Linked Open Data Cloud, which raises users' expectations to be able to search for any information that is directly or indirectly contained. However, diverse data types require tailored search functionalities---such as semantic, geospatial and full text search. Hence, using only one data management system will not provide the required functionality at the expected level. In this paper, we will describe search services that provide specific search functionality via a generalized interface inspired by RDF. In addition, we introduce an application layer on top of these services that enables to query them in a unified way. This allows for the implementation of a distributed search that leverages the identification of the optimal search service for each query and subquery. This is achieved by connecting powerful tools like Openlink Virtuoso, ElasticSearch and PostGIS within a single framework.
在过去的十年里,搜索引擎的重要性与日俱增。越来越多的知识在关联开放数据云中被暴露和连接,这提高了用户对能够搜索直接或间接包含的任何信息的期望。然而,不同的数据类型需要定制的搜索功能——例如语义、地理空间和全文搜索。因此,仅使用一个数据管理系统将无法在预期级别上提供所需的功能。在本文中,我们将描述通过受RDF启发的通用接口提供特定搜索功能的搜索服务。此外,我们在这些服务之上引入了一个应用层,使我们能够以统一的方式查询它们。这允许实现分布式搜索,该搜索利用对每个查询和子查询的最佳搜索服务的标识。这是通过将强大的工具如Openlink Virtuoso、ElasticSearch和PostGIS连接在一个框架内实现的。
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引用次数: 13
LD viewer - linked data presentation framework LD查看器链接的数据表示框架
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660539
Denis Lukovnikov, Claus Stadler, Jens Lehmann
With the growing interest in publishing data according to the Linked Data principles, it becomes more important to provide intuitive tools for users to view and interact with those resources. The characteristics of Linked Data pose several challenges for user-friendly presentation of information. In this work, we present the LD Viewer as a customizable framework that can easily be fitted for different datasets while addressing Linked Data presentation challenges. With this framework, we aim to provide dataset maintainers with easy means to expose their RDF resources. Moreover, we aim to make the interface intuitive and engaging for both expert users and lay users.
随着人们对根据关联数据原则发布数据的兴趣日益浓厚,为用户提供直观的工具来查看这些资源并与之交互变得更加重要。关联数据的特点对用户友好的信息表示提出了一些挑战。在这项工作中,我们将LD查看器作为一个可定制的框架,可以轻松地适用于不同的数据集,同时解决关联数据表示方面的挑战。有了这个框架,我们的目标是为数据集维护者提供一种简单的方法来公开他们的RDF资源。此外,我们的目标是使界面直观和吸引专家用户和非专业用户。
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引用次数: 13
Expanded citations and projections of concepts 扩展概念的引用和投射
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660537
M. Skulimowski
In our recent paper, we proposed a new kind of citations, called the expanded citations, which link scientific papers and concepts from them. The expanded citations are represented in RDF and can be processed by machines. In this paper, we use the expanded citations to introduce projections of concepts which can be useful in searching for publications. The analysis of the projections and their time evolution gives a knowledge about the role and the significance of the concept in a given domain.
在我们最近的论文中,我们提出了一种新的引文,称为扩展引文,它将科学论文和其中的概念联系起来。扩展后的引文用RDF表示,可以由机器处理。在本文中,我们使用扩展的引文来引入概念的投影,这对搜索出版物很有用。通过对投影及其时间演变的分析,可以了解该概念在给定领域中的作用和意义。
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引用次数: 1
Information content based ranking metric for linked open vocabularies 链接开放词汇表的基于信息内容的排名度量
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660533
G. Atemezing, Raphael Troncy
It is widely accepted that by controlling metadata, it is easier to publish high quality data on the web. Metadata, in the context of Linked Data, refers to vocabularies and ontologies used for describing data. With more and more data published on the web, the need for reusing controlled taxonomies and vocabularies is becoming more and more a necessity. Catalogues of vocabularies are generally a starting point to search for vocabularies based on search terms. Some recent studies recommend that it is better to reuse terms from "popular" vocabularies [4]. However, there is not yet an agreement on what makes a popular vocabulary since it depends on diverse criteria such as the number of properties, the number of datasets using part or the whole vocabulary, etc. In this paper, we propose a method for ranking vocabularies based on an information content metric which combines three features: (i) the datasets using the vocabulary, (ii) the outlinks from the vocabulary and (iii) the inlinks to the vocabulary. We applied this method to 366 vocabularies described in the LOV catalogue. The results are then compared with other catalogues which provide alternative rankings.
人们普遍认为,通过控制元数据,可以更容易地在网络上发布高质量的数据。在关联数据的上下文中,元数据指的是用于描述数据的词汇表和本体。随着web上发布的数据越来越多,重用受控分类法和词汇表的需求变得越来越迫切。词汇表目录通常是基于搜索词搜索词汇表的起点。最近的一些研究建议,最好重用“流行”词汇中的术语[4]。然而,关于什么是流行词汇还没有达成一致,因为它取决于不同的标准,如属性的数量、使用部分或整个词汇表的数据集的数量等。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于信息内容度量的词汇表排名方法,该度量结合了三个特征:(i)使用词汇表的数据集,(ii)词汇表的外链和(iii)词汇表的链接。我们将这种方法应用于LOV目录中描述的366个词汇。然后将结果与提供替代排名的其他目录进行比较。
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引用次数: 10
The semantic model editor: efficient data modeling and integration based on OWL ontologies 语义模型编辑器:基于OWL本体的高效数据建模和集成
Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1145/2660517.2660526
A. Grünwald, D. Winkler, M. Sabou, S. Biffl
Semantic Web and Linked Data are widely considered as effective and powerful technologies for integrating heterogeneous data models and data sources. However, there is still a gap between promising research results and prototypes and their practical acceptance in industry contexts. In context of our industry partners we observed a lack of tool-support that (a) enables efficient modeling of OWL ontologies and (b) supports querying and visualization of query results also for non-experts. The selection and application of existing semantic programming libraries and editors is challenging and hinders software engineers, who are familiar with modeling approaches such as UML, in applying semantic concepts in their solutions. In this paper we introduce the Semantic Model Editor (SMEd) to support engineers who are non-experts in semantic technologies in designing ontologies based on well-known UML class diagram notations. SMEd -- a Web-based application -- enables an efficient integration of heterogeneous data models, i.e., designing, populating, and querying of ontologies. First results of a pilot application at industry partners showed that SMEd was found useful in industry context, leveraged the derivation of reusable artifacts, and significantly accelerated development and configuration of data integration scenarios.
语义网和关联数据被广泛认为是集成异构数据模型和数据源的有效而强大的技术。然而,在有希望的研究成果和原型与其在工业环境中的实际接受之间仍然存在差距。在我们的行业合作伙伴的环境中,我们观察到缺乏工具支持(a)支持OWL本体的有效建模,(b)支持对非专家的查询和查询结果的可视化。现有语义编程库和编辑器的选择和应用是具有挑战性的,并且阻碍了熟悉建模方法(如UML)的软件工程师在其解决方案中应用语义概念。在本文中,我们介绍了语义模型编辑器(SMEd)来支持那些不是语义技术专家的工程师设计基于知名UML类图符号的本体。SMEd——一个基于web的应用程序——支持异构数据模型的有效集成,即本体的设计、填充和查询。行业合作伙伴试点应用程序的第一个结果表明,SMEd在行业上下文中是有用的,它利用了可重用工件的派生,并显著加快了数据集成场景的开发和配置。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics
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