Pub Date : 2011-04-13DOI: 10.2174/1874829501104010011
N. Sabra, H. Dubourguier, T. Hamieh
The Deule canal is one of the most polluted canals in northern France. It contains large volumes of polluted sediments. These have to be dredged and characterized before deciding about the technology suitable for their treatment. The sediments are thus subjected to a physico-chemical characterization comprising particle size classification and heavy metals sequential extraction studies. The total metallic concentrations exceed the French standards for several metals such as cadmium, zinc, lead or copper. On average, 92% of the total weight of each metal are present in the particles that are less than 53 � m in size. These particles represent about 85% of the suspended matter dry weight. The sequential extraction study reveals that most of the studied metals are strongly linked to the sediments because of their association with the sul- fides and with the organic matter.
{"title":"Sequential Extraction and Particle Size Analysis of Heavy Metals in Sediments Dredged from the Deûle Canal, France","authors":"N. Sabra, H. Dubourguier, T. Hamieh","doi":"10.2174/1874829501104010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501104010011","url":null,"abstract":"The Deule canal is one of the most polluted canals in northern France. It contains large volumes of polluted sediments. These have to be dredged and characterized before deciding about the technology suitable for their treatment. The sediments are thus subjected to a physico-chemical characterization comprising particle size classification and heavy metals sequential extraction studies. The total metallic concentrations exceed the French standards for several metals such as cadmium, zinc, lead or copper. On average, 92% of the total weight of each metal are present in the particles that are less than 53 � m in size. These particles represent about 85% of the suspended matter dry weight. The sequential extraction study reveals that most of the studied metals are strongly linked to the sediments because of their association with the sul- fides and with the organic matter.","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133583612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-22DOI: 10.2174/1874829501104010001
J. Matos, Carol Nahas, L. Rojas, M. Rosales
Carbon materials were obtained by pyrolysis of the sawdust of Algarroba wood under CO2 or N2 atmospheres at temperatures from 200oC up to 900oC. Carbon materials were characterized by surface and micropore areas, volume pore and mean pore diameter. An approach of the kinetic parameters (apparent constant-rates and activation energies) as- sociated with the synthesis of these carbon materials is also presented. From the kinetic data of thermal degradation of Al- garroba wood, three different pyrolysis zones were verified. First, an incipient carbonization between 200 up to 350oC, second an extensive carbonization between 350 up to 600oC, and a third step involving the pore formation at temperatures higher than 600oC. As a target application of carbon materials, results of phenol adsorption and phenol photodegradation under UV-irradiation indicated the potential of carbon materials in presence of TiO2 for treatment of polluted waters.
{"title":"Texture Properties and Kinetic Parameters Associated to Carbon Materials Obtained from Sawdust of Algarroba Wood. 1. Application in Phenol Photodetoxification","authors":"J. Matos, Carol Nahas, L. Rojas, M. Rosales","doi":"10.2174/1874829501104010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501104010001","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon materials were obtained by pyrolysis of the sawdust of Algarroba wood under CO2 or N2 atmospheres at temperatures from 200oC up to 900oC. Carbon materials were characterized by surface and micropore areas, volume pore and mean pore diameter. An approach of the kinetic parameters (apparent constant-rates and activation energies) as- sociated with the synthesis of these carbon materials is also presented. From the kinetic data of thermal degradation of Al- garroba wood, three different pyrolysis zones were verified. First, an incipient carbonization between 200 up to 350oC, second an extensive carbonization between 350 up to 600oC, and a third step involving the pore formation at temperatures higher than 600oC. As a target application of carbon materials, results of phenol adsorption and phenol photodegradation under UV-irradiation indicated the potential of carbon materials in presence of TiO2 for treatment of polluted waters.","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"140 9-10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129410546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-13DOI: 10.2174/1874829501003010071
H. Carrère, Y. Rafrafi, A. Battimelli, M. Torrijos, J. Delgenès, Gilles Ruysschaert
The aim of this study was to maximise methane production from waste activated sludge (WAS) originating from extended aeration process and presenting a low methane potential (190 mL CH4.g -1 OM). WAS co-digestion with fatty residues (FR, 560 mL CH4.g -1 OM) produced during pretreatments of the effluents from wastewater treatment plants in the Lille area and fatty wastewaters (FW, around 700 mL CH4.g -1 OM) collected from restaurants was assessed by batch experiments. Moreover saponification/alkali pretreatments improved kinetics of anaerobic digestion but had a low impact on methane potential (+ 6-7%) of the mixed waste composed of 66.6% of FW, 33.3% of WAS and 0.1% of FR. As results did not depend on pH ranging from 8 to 10 (addition of 0.12 to 0.21 gKOH gOM -1 ) nor temperature ranging from 80 to 120 °C, the least severe studied pretreatment conditions (80°C and pH=8) may be selected for further studies on con- tinuous anaerobic reactors.
本研究的目的是最大限度地利用源自延长曝气过程的废弃活性污泥(was)产生甲烷，并呈现出低甲烷潜力(190 mL CH4)。g -1 OM)。WAS与脂肪残基共消化(FR, 560ml CH4)。在里尔地区污水处理厂的废水和含脂废水(FW，约700 mL CH4)的预处理过程中产生的。采用批量试验的方法对餐馆采集的g -1 OM进行评价。此外皂化/碱预处理提高厌氧消化动力学但低影响甲烷的潜在(+ 6 - 7%)混合废物由弗兰克-威廉姆斯的66.6%,33.3%和0.1%的FR。结果不依赖于pH值从8到10(增加0.12到0.21 gKOH傻子1)和温度范围从80到120°C,最严重的研究了预处理条件(80°C和pH = 8),为进一步的研究可能会选择完全tinuous厌氧反应器。
{"title":"Methane Potential of Waste Activated Sludge and Fatty Residues: Impact of Codigestion and Alkaline Pretreatments","authors":"H. Carrère, Y. Rafrafi, A. Battimelli, M. Torrijos, J. Delgenès, Gilles Ruysschaert","doi":"10.2174/1874829501003010071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501003010071","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to maximise methane production from waste activated sludge (WAS) originating from extended aeration process and presenting a low methane potential (190 mL CH4.g -1 OM). WAS co-digestion with fatty residues (FR, 560 mL CH4.g -1 OM) produced during pretreatments of the effluents from wastewater treatment plants in the Lille area and fatty wastewaters (FW, around 700 mL CH4.g -1 OM) collected from restaurants was assessed by batch experiments. Moreover saponification/alkali pretreatments improved kinetics of anaerobic digestion but had a low impact on methane potential (+ 6-7%) of the mixed waste composed of 66.6% of FW, 33.3% of WAS and 0.1% of FR. As results did not depend on pH ranging from 8 to 10 (addition of 0.12 to 0.21 gKOH gOM -1 ) nor temperature ranging from 80 to 120 °C, the least severe studied pretreatment conditions (80°C and pH=8) may be selected for further studies on con- tinuous anaerobic reactors.","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116853968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-08DOI: 10.2174/1874829501003010055
Akhil Kadiyala
{"title":"Study of Occupant Exposure of Drivers and Commuters with Temporal Variation of In-Vehicle Pollutant Concentrations in Public Transport Buses Operating on Alternative Diesel Fuels~!2010-07-03~!2010-07-26~!2010-09-08~!","authors":"Akhil Kadiyala","doi":"10.2174/1874829501003010055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501003010055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133596544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-16DOI: 10.2174/1874829501003010049
M. Humar
Due to increasing demands on wood, recovered wood is becoming more and more important. It is mainly used for energetic purposes and for particle board production. This material was polluted with various chemicals (surface coat- ings, biocides, concrete residues, etc.) during service life. These chemicals causes difficulties at the end of service life. In order to elucidate presence of inorganic pollutants in Slovenian recovered wood, 30 specimens were collected on city Ljubljana dump/sorting site, and analysed with x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Those values were compared to the concentration of inorganic elements in boards made of disintegrated wood collected in Slovenian market. In recovered wood, as well as in imported particle boards increased concentrations of the following elements was confirmed: Cl, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb. This indicates that at lest part of contaminated recovered wood is used for production of some particle boards.
{"title":"Inorganic Pollutants in Recovered Wood from Slovenia and Boards Made of Disintegrated Wood","authors":"M. Humar","doi":"10.2174/1874829501003010049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501003010049","url":null,"abstract":"Due to increasing demands on wood, recovered wood is becoming more and more important. It is mainly used for energetic purposes and for particle board production. This material was polluted with various chemicals (surface coat- ings, biocides, concrete residues, etc.) during service life. These chemicals causes difficulties at the end of service life. In order to elucidate presence of inorganic pollutants in Slovenian recovered wood, 30 specimens were collected on city Ljubljana dump/sorting site, and analysed with x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Those values were compared to the concentration of inorganic elements in boards made of disintegrated wood collected in Slovenian market. In recovered wood, as well as in imported particle boards increased concentrations of the following elements was confirmed: Cl, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb. This indicates that at lest part of contaminated recovered wood is used for production of some particle boards.","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130779667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-11DOI: 10.2174/1874829501003010042
T. Yilmaz, Selami Apaydın, A. Berktay
Leachate from sanitary landfills is a strong wastewater in terms of organic matter and ammonia. Both biologi- cal and chemical processes can be used for organic matter but ammonia reduction by nitrification-denitrification often poses problems due to inhibition. In this study, leachate from solid waste landfill in Konya Municipal area was used and organic matter and color removal were examined by using different chemical matters (Alum, FeCl3, FeSO4) in the pH ad- justment with lime, NaOH and H2SO4. For ammonium removal, air stripping and its removal efficiency were investigated. For organic matter removal, the highest efficiencies were achieved as 44% by using 9 g/L alum at pH 11 adjusted with lime and as 45% by using 15 g/L FeCl3 concentration at pH 3. Color removal studies in coagulation experiments indicated that the highest color removal efficiencies could be obtained when pH was adjusted with lime. The lowest coagulant con- centration 1 g/L yielded the similar removal efficiencies as the concentration increased. In ammonium removal with air stripping, the optimum flow rate was 1 L/min and the optimum aeration time was 8 hours.
{"title":"Coagulation-Flocculation and Air Stripping as a Pretreatment of Young Landfill Leachate","authors":"T. Yilmaz, Selami Apaydın, A. Berktay","doi":"10.2174/1874829501003010042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501003010042","url":null,"abstract":"Leachate from sanitary landfills is a strong wastewater in terms of organic matter and ammonia. Both biologi- cal and chemical processes can be used for organic matter but ammonia reduction by nitrification-denitrification often poses problems due to inhibition. In this study, leachate from solid waste landfill in Konya Municipal area was used and organic matter and color removal were examined by using different chemical matters (Alum, FeCl3, FeSO4) in the pH ad- justment with lime, NaOH and H2SO4. For ammonium removal, air stripping and its removal efficiency were investigated. For organic matter removal, the highest efficiencies were achieved as 44% by using 9 g/L alum at pH 11 adjusted with lime and as 45% by using 15 g/L FeCl3 concentration at pH 3. Color removal studies in coagulation experiments indicated that the highest color removal efficiencies could be obtained when pH was adjusted with lime. The lowest coagulant con- centration 1 g/L yielded the similar removal efficiencies as the concentration increased. In ammonium removal with air stripping, the optimum flow rate was 1 L/min and the optimum aeration time was 8 hours.","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-07DOI: 10.2174/1874829501003010033
I. Mahamid, S. Thawaba
{"title":"Multi Criteria and Landfill Site Selection Using Gis: A Case Study From Palestine~!2010-01-01~!2010-01-24~!2010-03-19~!","authors":"I. Mahamid, S. Thawaba","doi":"10.2174/1874829501003010033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501003010033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116880827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-04DOI: 10.2174/1874829501003010021
G. Wall
Humankind faces the most serious challenge ever – sustainable development. A new paradigm based on respectof nature and awareness of natural mechanisms is needed. The concept of exergy and exergy b ...
{"title":"On exergy and sustainable development in environmental engineering","authors":"G. Wall","doi":"10.2174/1874829501003010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501003010021","url":null,"abstract":"Humankind faces the most serious challenge ever – sustainable development. A new paradigm based on respectof nature and awareness of natural mechanisms is needed. The concept of exergy and exergy b ...","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114664784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-04DOI: 10.2174/1874829501003010013
Kaushik K. Shandilya, Ashok Kumar
The Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) has been used in a preliminary study to determine the size and morphology of fine particulate matter (PM). This was done with several samples collected inside public tran- sit buses fueled with a 20 percent biodiesel blend of biodiesel and ultra-low sulfur diesel (B20). As the technique is non- destructive, particles of interest can be relocated for further analysis. The practical issue of instrumentation compatibility is addressed. In addition, results showing SEM chemical images from several PM of particle size less than 10 � m (PM10) samples are reported. Shape analysis suggested the possible sources. Particle size distribution suggested a median and mean diameter of particles counted was 0.24±0.02� m and 0.27±0.04� m, respectively. The conclusion is that SEM meth- odology is a valuable tool for studying the distribution of particulate pollutants.
环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)已被用于确定细颗粒物(PM)的大小和形态的初步研究。这是在公共交通巴士内收集的几个样本，这些巴士使用20%的生物柴油和超低硫柴油(B20)混合燃料。由于该技术是非破坏性的，因此可以重新定位感兴趣的粒子进行进一步分析。解决了仪器兼容性的实际问题。此外，还报道了几种粒径小于10 μ m (PM10)的PM样品的SEM化学图像。形状分析表明了可能的来源。粒径分布显示，所测颗粒直径中位数为0.24±0.02 μ m，平均值为0.27±0.04 μ m。研究结果表明，扫描电镜是研究颗粒污染物分布的一种有价值的工具。
{"title":"Qualitative Evaluation of Particulate Matter Inside Public Transit Buses Operated by Biodiesel","authors":"Kaushik K. Shandilya, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.2174/1874829501003010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501003010013","url":null,"abstract":"The Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) has been used in a preliminary study to determine the size and morphology of fine particulate matter (PM). This was done with several samples collected inside public tran- sit buses fueled with a 20 percent biodiesel blend of biodiesel and ultra-low sulfur diesel (B20). As the technique is non- destructive, particles of interest can be relocated for further analysis. The practical issue of instrumentation compatibility is addressed. In addition, results showing SEM chemical images from several PM of particle size less than 10 � m (PM10) samples are reported. Shape analysis suggested the possible sources. Particle size distribution suggested a median and mean diameter of particles counted was 0.24±0.02� m and 0.27±0.04� m, respectively. The conclusion is that SEM meth- odology is a valuable tool for studying the distribution of particulate pollutants.","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115617529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-13DOI: 10.2174/1874829501003010001
A. Benedetto
The technique of soil stabilization is usually adopted with the purpose of rendering plastic soils coherent to the standards and requirements of engineering projects. The environmental benefits of soil stabilization versus the use of traditional natural material from quarries are generally underestimated. The case study of one significant section of the Italian High Speed Railway is presented here. This section is a part of the line from Milan to Venice. The volume of material that is needed for the development of embankments amounts to about 3 million m 3 and 1.5 millions m 3 of aggregates are needed for concrete. At the same time the construction of foundations produces about 1 million m 3 of soil: 350,000 m 3 from foundations, 400,000 m 3 from diaphragms and drilled piles and 70,000 m 3 from helicoidal piles. The need to manage such a significant volume of soil suggests the need for the consideration of recycling the clay soil after lime stabilization. The technical compatibility is here verified. The total costs of all the actions derived from the Environmental Impact Assessment for environment protection is less than 8% of the savings produced by the stabilization of soil. It finally demonstrates that the question of non-renewable resource management, such as soil, is strategic also under an environmental protection perspective.
{"title":"Externalities of Soil Stabilization in the Construction of Main Transportation Infrastructures. The Case of the High Speed Railway in North Italy: Economical and Environmental Benefits","authors":"A. Benedetto","doi":"10.2174/1874829501003010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874829501003010001","url":null,"abstract":"The technique of soil stabilization is usually adopted with the purpose of rendering plastic soils coherent to the standards and requirements of engineering projects. The environmental benefits of soil stabilization versus the use of traditional natural material from quarries are generally underestimated. The case study of one significant section of the Italian High Speed Railway is presented here. This section is a part of the line from Milan to Venice. The volume of material that is needed for the development of embankments amounts to about 3 million m 3 and 1.5 millions m 3 of aggregates are needed for concrete. At the same time the construction of foundations produces about 1 million m 3 of soil: 350,000 m 3 from foundations, 400,000 m 3 from diaphragms and drilled piles and 70,000 m 3 from helicoidal piles. The need to manage such a significant volume of soil suggests the need for the consideration of recycling the clay soil after lime stabilization. The technical compatibility is here verified. The total costs of all the actions derived from the Environmental Impact Assessment for environment protection is less than 8% of the savings produced by the stabilization of soil. It finally demonstrates that the question of non-renewable resource management, such as soil, is strategic also under an environmental protection perspective.","PeriodicalId":344616,"journal":{"name":"The Open Environmental Engineering Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131223910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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