This article deals with the changes that were made and with possible expectations in the field of administrative justice which can be observed on the example of (not only) the Czech Republic. To this end, the contribution focuses, first, on the purpose of the administrative justice as such and on its history and development. Then it gives consideration to the current stat and form of the legal framework of the administrative justice in the Czech Republic. On this basis, the last part of the contribution deals with the changes which have been made in the administrative justice as well as with possible expectations that may be placed on the administrative justice, going hand in hand with its possible changes in the future.
{"title":"The administrative justice in the Czech Republic – changes and expectations","authors":"L. Potěšil","doi":"10.25167/osap.1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1224","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the changes that were made and with possible expectations in the field of administrative justice which can be observed on the example of (not only) the Czech Republic. To this end, the contribution focuses, first, on the purpose of the administrative justice as such and on its history and development. Then it gives consideration to the current stat and form of the legal framework of the administrative justice in the Czech Republic. On this basis, the last part of the contribution deals with the changes which have been made in the administrative justice as well as with possible expectations that may be placed on the administrative justice, going hand in hand with its possible changes in the future.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on inactivity of the public administration in the Slovak Republic. It analyses this malfunction of the public administration from the point of view of the legal theory, international legal regulation as well as national legal regulation. The emphasis is on the national legal regulation that should provide effective legal remedies on how to eliminate inactivity of the public administration – namely the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, the Act on Administrative Proceeding and the Act on Administrative Justice Procedure. The article analyses the new legal regulation on a judicial review of inactivity stipulated in the Act on Administrative Justice Procedure and compares it with the previous legal regulation. The aim is to conclude which legal regulation is more effective and describe why it is so.
{"title":"A judicial review of the inactivity of public administration in the Slovak Republic","authors":"M. Horvat","doi":"10.25167/osap.1221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1221","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on inactivity of the public administration in the Slovak Republic. It analyses this malfunction of the public administration from the point of view of the legal theory, international legal regulation as well as national legal regulation. The emphasis is on the national legal regulation that should provide effective legal remedies on how to eliminate inactivity of the public administration – namely the Constitution of the Slovak Republic, the Act on Administrative Proceeding and the Act on Administrative Justice Procedure. The article analyses the new legal regulation on a judicial review of inactivity stipulated in the Act on Administrative Justice Procedure and compares it with the previous legal regulation. The aim is to conclude which legal regulation is more effective and describe why it is so.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents interpretations of the content of the legal principle of nullum crimen sine lege and the influence of this principle on legal characterisation of crime of public propagation of a fascist or other totalitarian governance system and crime of public agitation to hatred based on national, ethnic, racial or religious differences or for reason of a lack of any religiousdenomination. In the author’s opinion, the most difficult problem in the case of crimes typified in Art. 256 § 1 of Polish Penal Code lies in that many layers consider the legal principle of nullum crimen as a commonplace. In the paper, there are several cases presented of adjudications of the Polish Supreme Court relating to what considerations of the legal principle of nullum crimen may cause so that we can obtain clear views on the problem.
{"title":"Zasada nullum crimen sine lege w kontekście przestępstw stypizowanych w art. 256 § 1 k.k.","authors":"Tomasz Scheffler","doi":"10.25167/osap.1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1226","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents interpretations of the content of the legal principle of nullum crimen sine lege and the influence of this principle on legal characterisation of crime of public propagation of a fascist or other totalitarian governance system and crime of public agitation to hatred based on national, ethnic, racial or religious differences or for reason of a lack of any religiousdenomination. In the author’s opinion, the most difficult problem in the case of crimes typified in Art. 256 § 1 of Polish Penal Code lies in that many layers consider the legal principle of nullum crimen as a commonplace. In the paper, there are several cases presented of adjudications of the Polish Supreme Court relating to what considerations of the legal principle of nullum crimen may cause so that we can obtain clear views on the problem.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45547810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The individual rights in the health care sphere are ensured, among other things, by overcoming uncertainty in legal regulation. The problem of ambiguity, filling gaps, contradictory to legal regulation is of relevance in the court hearings of specific cases in the health care sphere. The health care sphere is one of the most important spheres of the legal protection of individual’s rights, because it concerns all the population. In modern medical law, the standardized approach to the regulation of relations in the health care sphere has received widespread recognition. The notions “standard” and “order” are widely applied to the regulation of medical activity and patients’ rights. In the health care sphere the ambiguity of legal regulation is connected with requirements of getting from patient informed consent to treatment. The informed consent must be given by the patient voluntarily and before the medical treatment.
{"title":"The legal protection of individual rights in the health care sphere: overcoming the ambiguity of the legal regulation of voluntary and informed consent to treatment","authors":"M. Kapustina","doi":"10.25167/osap.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1222","url":null,"abstract":"The individual rights in the health care sphere are ensured, among other things, by overcoming uncertainty in legal regulation. The problem of ambiguity, filling gaps, contradictory to legal regulation is of relevance in the court hearings of specific cases in the health care sphere. The health care sphere is one of the most important spheres of the legal protection of individual’s rights, because it concerns all the population. In modern medical law, the standardized approach to the regulation of relations in the health care sphere has received widespread recognition. The notions “standard” and “order” are widely applied to the regulation of medical activity and patients’ rights. In the health care sphere the ambiguity of legal regulation is connected with requirements of getting from patient informed consent to treatment. The informed consent must be given by the patient voluntarily and before the medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42077715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to highlight specific features related to the performance of public duties by local self-governments, focusing on their autonomy. Hence, it is essential that the conceptual boundaries of such notions as ‘public duties’ and duties associated with ‘public services’ are established at the outset. The current lack of clarity contributes to the complexity of the issue, and this is further complicated by a lack of clear legal regulations which would explicitly define the acceptable way in which public duties assigned to local self-governments are to be implemented. These issues suffice to explain the choice of the topic tackled in this study. Admittedly, it will not provide answers to all the problems associated with the public utility services which fall within the scope of the public duties discharged by particular local self-government units: gmina (municipality/commune), powiat (county), or województwo (voivodeship). However, it may form the basis for further research to be conducted in this field. Therefore, within the framework of this paper, issues related to local self-governments, their autonomy, and the concepts of ‘public duties’ and ‘duties in the field of public utility’ will be discussed. These issues are important, as they are inextricable from the decentralization of public authority, which consists in assigning numerous public duties to be fulfilled by local self-governments.
{"title":"Problems associated with the notion of “public duties” and “public utility services” with regard to the principle of the autonomy of local self-governments in Poland – an analysis of selected issues","authors":"G. Cern","doi":"10.25167/osap.1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1217","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to highlight specific features related to the performance of public duties by local self-governments, focusing on their autonomy. Hence, it is essential that the conceptual boundaries of such notions as ‘public duties’ and duties associated with ‘public services’ are established at the outset. The current lack of clarity contributes to the complexity of the issue, and this is further complicated by a lack of clear legal regulations which would explicitly define the acceptable way in which public duties assigned to local self-governments are to be implemented. These issues suffice to explain the choice of the topic tackled in this study. Admittedly, it will not provide answers to all the problems associated with the public utility services which fall within the scope of the public duties discharged by particular local self-government units: gmina (municipality/commune), powiat (county), or województwo (voivodeship). However, it may form the basis for further research to be conducted in this field. Therefore, within the framework of this paper, issues related to local self-governments, their autonomy, and the concepts of ‘public duties’ and ‘duties in the field of public utility’ will be discussed. These issues are important, as they are inextricable from the decentralization of public authority, which consists in assigning numerous public duties to be fulfilled by local self-governments.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42111103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper gives an overview of the jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court regarding the right to take part in a referendum. This is a fundamental right of political participation, not unlike the right to vote and to stand as a candidate in parliamentary elections. It being a genuine fundamental right, the Constitutional Court interpreted its authentic meaning and stipulated the most important constitutional requirements related to this right. One of the most important requirements was the establishment of a system of remedies, where the final decision on the certification of a question proposed for a referendum must be taken by the Constitutional Court. Parliament fulfilled this legislative requirement and since 1998 the Constitutional Court has controlled the constitutionality of the decisions taken by the National Election Committee on the certification of the referendum questions proposed. The 2013 Act on referendum transferred this competence to the Supreme Court. Since then, the Constitutional Court shall only decide referendum-cases which were submitted with the so-called ‘direct constitutional complaint’, an extraordinary type of constitutional remedy. The present paper compares these two remedy systems introduced for the protection of the right to take part in a referendum.
{"title":"Judicial protection and interpretation of the right to take part in a referendum – an overview of the jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court","authors":"Csaba Erdös","doi":"10.25167/osap.1220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1220","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives an overview of the jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court regarding the right to take part in a referendum. This is a fundamental right of political participation, not unlike the right to vote and to stand as a candidate in parliamentary elections. It being a genuine fundamental right, the Constitutional Court interpreted its authentic meaning and stipulated the most important constitutional requirements related to this right. One of the most important requirements was the establishment of a system of remedies, where the final decision on the certification of a question proposed for a referendum must be taken by the Constitutional Court. Parliament fulfilled this legislative requirement and since 1998 the Constitutional Court has controlled the constitutionality of the decisions taken by the National Election Committee on the certification of the referendum questions proposed. The 2013 Act on referendum transferred this competence to the Supreme Court. Since then, the Constitutional Court shall only decide referendum-cases which were submitted with the so-called ‘direct constitutional complaint’, an extraordinary type of constitutional remedy. The present paper compares these two remedy systems introduced for the protection of the right to take part in a referendum.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48866993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"XIV Colloquium Prawno-Historyczne Res publica semper reformanda, Opole, 10 maja 2018 roku","authors":"P. Sadowski","doi":"10.25167/osap.1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1216","url":null,"abstract":"Brak abstraktu.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45813261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses the problem of practices of online automated personalised pricing in Internet-based trading. The first part concerns the economics of price discrimination; the second discusses the ways this can be carried out in an online shopping environment, and the third one deals with legal aspects of the personalised pricing online practice. Finally, the author tries to assess the question whether personalised pricing is illegal, immoral, or just something we do not feel entirely comfortable about.
{"title":"Automated personalised pricing practices online","authors":"Gergely G. Karácsony","doi":"10.25167/osap.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1223","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the problem of practices of online automated personalised pricing in Internet-based trading. The first part concerns the economics of price discrimination; the second discusses the ways this can be carried out in an online shopping environment, and the third one deals with legal aspects of the personalised pricing online practice. Finally, the author tries to assess the question whether personalised pricing is illegal, immoral, or just something we do not feel entirely comfortable about.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers the problem of responsibility for executing an unlawful order, according to the regulations of the international criminal law, using the example of Dražen Erdemović, a soldier of the 10th Sabotage Detachment of the Bosnian Serb Army, who was accused of crimes against humanity, including his participation in the massacre of the unarmed Muslims from Srebrenica on 16th July 1995. His case deserves scrutiny as he pleaded guilty and thus adopted a certain line of defense strategy at the International Tribunal Court for the former Yugoslavia. The accused was aware of having violated the rules of the international criminal law and the charges filed against him accordingly, but – at the same time – he stated that if he had not executed the order, he would have been killed.
{"title":"Sprawa Dražena Erdemovića jako przykład odpowiedzialności za wykonanie bezprawnego rozkazu na gruncie przepisów międzynarodowego prawa karnego","authors":"Katarzyna Czeszejko-Sochacka","doi":"10.25167/osap.1173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1173","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the problem of responsibility for executing an unlawful order, according to the regulations of the international criminal law, using the example of Dražen Erdemović, a soldier of the 10th Sabotage Detachment of the Bosnian Serb Army, who was accused of crimes against humanity, including his participation in the massacre of the unarmed Muslims from Srebrenica on 16th July 1995. His case deserves scrutiny as he pleaded guilty and thus adopted a certain line of defense strategy at the International Tribunal Court for the former Yugoslavia. The accused was aware of having violated the rules of the international criminal law and the charges filed against him accordingly, but – at the same time – he stated that if he had not executed the order, he would have been killed.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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