W powszechnej opinii przedwojennych prawników i historyków system instytucjonalnypaństwa wyrastający z postanowień konstytucji marcowej (1921) został opartyna konstytucji III Republiki Francuskiej (1875). W konsekwencji bezpośredniej recepcjipogłębione zostały na gruncie polskim niektóre wady systemu francuskiego, w tym słabośćwładzy wykonawczej zdominowanej przez parlament, zwłaszcza jego niższą izbę. W artykuleprzedstawiono najważniejsze uwarunkowania kształtowania się władzy wykonawczejw pierwszej polskiej konstytucji XX wieku.Podstawą rozważań było nawiązanie do tradycji dwóch polskich szkół historycznych ukształtowanychw okresie zaborów, reprezentujących pesymistyczne i optymistyczne wizje polskiejhistorii przed upadkiem państwa. Wykazano, że przyjęty model władzy wykonawczej, wbrewpierwotnym deklaracjom, zrywał z jednym z nakazów kategorycznych wywodzących sięz tradycji politycznej Konstytucji 3 maja, to jest ideą silnego rządu. Spowodowane to byłoosobistymi animozjami i brakiem stałego politycznego konsensusu w zakresie powoływaniapierwszych gabinetów II RP, czego następstwem był głęboki kryzys instytucjonalny, w któregokonsekwencji doszło do przewrotu majowego marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego i wprowadzeniequasi-autorytarnego reżimu politycznego.
{"title":"Idea silnego rządu w polskiej myśli polityczno-prawnej u progu niepodległości","authors":"M. Wojtacki","doi":"10.25167/osap.3439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.3439","url":null,"abstract":"W powszechnej opinii przedwojennych prawników i historyków system instytucjonalnypaństwa wyrastający z postanowień konstytucji marcowej (1921) został opartyna konstytucji III Republiki Francuskiej (1875). W konsekwencji bezpośredniej recepcjipogłębione zostały na gruncie polskim niektóre wady systemu francuskiego, w tym słabośćwładzy wykonawczej zdominowanej przez parlament, zwłaszcza jego niższą izbę. W artykuleprzedstawiono najważniejsze uwarunkowania kształtowania się władzy wykonawczejw pierwszej polskiej konstytucji XX wieku.Podstawą rozważań było nawiązanie do tradycji dwóch polskich szkół historycznych ukształtowanychw okresie zaborów, reprezentujących pesymistyczne i optymistyczne wizje polskiejhistorii przed upadkiem państwa. Wykazano, że przyjęty model władzy wykonawczej, wbrewpierwotnym deklaracjom, zrywał z jednym z nakazów kategorycznych wywodzących sięz tradycji politycznej Konstytucji 3 maja, to jest ideą silnego rządu. Spowodowane to byłoosobistymi animozjami i brakiem stałego politycznego konsensusu w zakresie powoływaniapierwszych gabinetów II RP, czego następstwem był głęboki kryzys instytucjonalny, w któregokonsekwencji doszło do przewrotu majowego marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego i wprowadzeniequasi-autorytarnego reżimu politycznego.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42529062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tradycyjnie żałoba narodowa jest wprowadzana w celu upamiętnienia osób wybitniezasłużonych dla narodu. Jednak w ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat ogłaszano jąrównież w związku z różnymi tragicznymi wydarzeniami. Instytucja ta przeszła ewolucję,a okoliczności jej wprowadzania rodzą dziś obawy o nadużywanie prawa do ogłaszania żałobyi jej deprecjację. Przepisy powszechnie obowiązujące w bardzo ogólny sposób odnoszą się do żałoby narodowej, stąd praktyka stara się je w różny sposób uzupełniać. Prowadzi todo sytuacji, w których organy administracji podejmują czynności, do których nie zostałyupoważnione. Szczególnym problemem jest rozgraniczenie między aktem wprowadzeniażałoby a wstrzymaniem organizacji imprez rozrywkowych w czasie jej trwania.
{"title":"Prawne uwarunkowania żałoby narodowej w świetle form działania administracji publicznej","authors":"Iwona Sierpowska","doi":"10.25167/osap.3956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.3956","url":null,"abstract":"Tradycyjnie żałoba narodowa jest wprowadzana w celu upamiętnienia osób wybitniezasłużonych dla narodu. Jednak w ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat ogłaszano jąrównież w związku z różnymi tragicznymi wydarzeniami. Instytucja ta przeszła ewolucję,a okoliczności jej wprowadzania rodzą dziś obawy o nadużywanie prawa do ogłaszania żałobyi jej deprecjację. Przepisy powszechnie obowiązujące w bardzo ogólny sposób odnoszą się do żałoby narodowej, stąd praktyka stara się je w różny sposób uzupełniać. Prowadzi todo sytuacji, w których organy administracji podejmują czynności, do których nie zostałyupoważnione. Szczególnym problemem jest rozgraniczenie między aktem wprowadzeniażałoby a wstrzymaniem organizacji imprez rozrywkowych w czasie jej trwania. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48527517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The amendment to the Public Finance Act (adding Article 54a) and to the Act on the responsibility for a breach of public finance discipline of 2017, introduced the possibility of concluding a settlement regarding the disputed civil law liabilities by entities of the public finance sector. Execution of a lawful settlement will not constitute a violation of public finance discipline. Until the amendment came into force, the pursuit of claims by the public finance sector entities was possible only in court. Currently it is also possible in mediation proceedings.
{"title":"Mediation in proceedings involving the public finance sector entities (in the light of Art. 54a of the Public Finance Act)","authors":"Monika Haczkowska","doi":"10.25167/osap.1884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1884","url":null,"abstract":"The amendment to the Public Finance Act (adding Article 54a) and to the Act on the responsibility for a breach of public finance discipline of 2017, introduced the possibility of concluding a settlement regarding the disputed civil law liabilities by entities of the public finance sector. Execution of a lawful settlement will not constitute a violation of public finance discipline. Until the amendment came into force, the pursuit of claims by the public finance sector entities was possible only in court. Currently it is also possible in mediation proceedings.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44990935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is a continuation of the dissertation on constitutional projects of Jean Jacques Rousseau. The first part concerned his reform work for Corsica, while the second part presents concepts prepared for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Both projects were written for a specific orders – from a Corsican conservative nobleman Mathieu Buttafoco and the Bar Confederates. The comparison of these works, as well as their reference to earlier works by Rousseau, gives the opportunity to look at the evolution of the philosopher’s views, his attempt to adapt them to specific social, political and historical conditions. The less radical tone of the proposals for Poland is noteworthy. It is also necessary to answer the question of what made him want to deal with the affairs of both lands.
{"title":"Jan Jakub Rousseau konstytucjonalistą. Projekty dla Korsyki i Rzeczypospolitej Szlacheckiej (część II)","authors":"Z. Filipiak","doi":"10.25167/osap.1866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1866","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a continuation of the dissertation on constitutional projects of Jean Jacques Rousseau. The first part concerned his reform work for Corsica, while the second part presents concepts prepared for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Both projects were written for a specific orders – from a Corsican conservative nobleman Mathieu Buttafoco and the Bar Confederates. The comparison of these works, as well as their reference to earlier works by Rousseau, gives the opportunity to look at the evolution of the philosopher’s views, his attempt to adapt them to specific social, political and historical conditions. The less radical tone of the proposals for Poland is noteworthy. It is also necessary to answer the question of what made him want to deal with the affairs of both lands.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48653430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study is devoted to analysing the relationships between the effectiveness of judicial control exercised by administrative courts and the specific character of administrative procedures of third generation. The considerations lead to the conclusion that the special features and the normative solutions of the positive law entail limitations on the intensity of the judicial review of legality of the contested administrative acts or actions. In such a situation, the judicial control may be confined to the formal sphere of legality. Consequently, the degree of effectiveness of the judicial impact on the administrative activity of prospective character may be substantially reduced.
{"title":"Efektywność kontroli sądowoadministracyjnej rozstrzygnięć wydawanych w procedurach administracyjnych trzeciej generacji. Rozważania na tle wybranych rozwiązań normatywnych w prawie polskim","authors":"M. Kamiński","doi":"10.25167/osap.1500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1500","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to analysing the relationships between the effectiveness of judicial control exercised by administrative courts and the specific character of administrative procedures of third generation. The considerations lead to the conclusion that the special features and the normative solutions of the positive law entail limitations on the intensity of the judicial review of legality of the contested administrative acts or actions. In such a situation, the judicial control may be confined to the formal sphere of legality. Consequently, the degree of effectiveness of the judicial impact on the administrative activity of prospective character may be substantially reduced.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45230937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the problem of enforced taking over by the owner of a building the administration of the property which so far has been managed by the commune. Firstly, the author discusses the legal regulations binding in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland, which caused numerous properties, particularly public buildings, to remain in the possession of communes. To assess the legal relation between the commune and property’s owners, which are currently of civil legal nature, the author suggests that the provisions of Articles 752–757 of the Polish Civil Code, which concern the management of another person’s affairs without mandate (negotiorum gestio), should be applied. To put an end to conflicts over the administration between the owners of buildings and communes, the author indicates substantive legal claim of taking over the management by the building owner, granted to the commune by the legislator. The author considers under what procedure it should be recognized and presents the local and material jurisdiction, as well as the passive mandate in civil proceedings.
{"title":"Roszczenie o przejęcie zarządu przez właściciela budynku pozostającego w zarządzie gminy","authors":"J. Antoniuk","doi":"10.25167/osap.1489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1489","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of enforced taking over by the owner of a building the administration of the property which so far has been managed by the commune. Firstly, the author discusses the legal regulations binding in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland, which caused numerous properties, particularly public buildings, to remain in the possession of communes. To assess the legal relation between the commune and property’s owners, which are currently of civil legal nature, the author suggests that the provisions of Articles 752–757 of the Polish Civil Code, which concern the management of another person’s affairs without mandate (negotiorum gestio), should be applied. To put an end to conflicts over the administration between the owners of buildings and communes, the author indicates substantive legal claim of taking over the management by the building owner, granted to the commune by the legislator. The author considers under what procedure it should be recognized and presents the local and material jurisdiction, as well as the passive mandate in civil proceedings.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Przedmowa","authors":"J. Korczak, P. Lisowski, E. Pierzchała","doi":"10.25167/osap.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1349","url":null,"abstract":"Przedmowa,","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48877210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with the possibilities the Czech Ombudsman has to influence the decision-making of the administrative courts in the Czech Republic. It describes both direct and indirect means of their influence, with the emphasis on the indirect means, as the direct means are very limited in the Czech Republic and are rarely used. The first part is concerned with the enumeration of means of how the opinions of the Ombudsman can become known to the administrative courts and their description and analyses the efficiency of the means described. The second part deals with the problems which occur while trying to assess their efficiency and mentions possible improvements.
{"title":"How opinions of the Czech Ombudsman influence the decision-making of administrative courts","authors":"Anna Chamráthová","doi":"10.25167/osap.1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1218","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the possibilities the Czech Ombudsman has to influence the decision-making of the administrative courts in the Czech Republic. It describes both direct and indirect means of their influence, with the emphasis on the indirect means, as the direct means are very limited in the Czech Republic and are rarely used. The first part is concerned with the enumeration of means of how the opinions of the Ombudsman can become known to the administrative courts and their description and analyses the efficiency of the means described. The second part deals with the problems which occur while trying to assess their efficiency and mentions possible improvements.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the social considerations of Benedict XVI, the point of reference was Christian anthropology. It is from its perspective that the Pope analyzed current social and political relations as well as economic relations prevailing in specific countries and in international relations. He recognized that these spheres of human existence must permeate ethics rooted in the personal and transcendent nature of individuals. This humanistic idea of morality gains special significance in the context of now visible atomization of societies, weaknesses of law in individual countries or dominance of soulless business, which ultimately fuel the global economic crisis. The Pope, therefore, saw the need to update this spiritual aspect of human existence in order to strengthen solidarity and subsidiarity in socio-economic relations, and to stimulate proper cooperation of the state with the economy on the local and supranational scale. He also noted that its principles allow people to realize their own potential responsibly, but also sensitize them to the needs of other individuals. In the Pope’s recognition, Christian ethics is in particular in the realities of the crisis to mobilize states, economic enterprises and international organizations to undertake joint activities for the general public good, without – at the same time – suppressing the activity of individuals and communities.
{"title":"Etyka gospodarcza w dobie globalizacji w ujęciu Benedykta XVI","authors":"Ewa Kozerska","doi":"10.25167/osap.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1225","url":null,"abstract":"In the social considerations of Benedict XVI, the point of reference was Christian anthropology. It is from its perspective that the Pope analyzed current social and political relations as well as economic relations prevailing in specific countries and in international relations. He recognized that these spheres of human existence must permeate ethics rooted in the personal and transcendent nature of individuals. This humanistic idea of morality gains special significance in the context of now visible atomization of societies, weaknesses of law in individual countries or dominance of soulless business, which ultimately fuel the global economic crisis. The Pope, therefore, saw the need to update this spiritual aspect of human existence in order to strengthen solidarity and subsidiarity in socio-economic relations, and to stimulate proper cooperation of the state with the economy on the local and supranational scale. He also noted that its principles allow people to realize their own potential responsibly, but also sensitize them to the needs of other individuals. In the Pope’s recognition, Christian ethics is in particular in the realities of the crisis to mobilize states, economic enterprises and international organizations to undertake joint activities for the general public good, without – at the same time – suppressing the activity of individuals and communities.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45092496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the rights concerning real estates, which are considered in noncontentious proceedings by the court. The author defines non-contentious proceedings, which are a kind of civil proceedings. The scope of non-contentious proceedings involves cases concerning different rights on real estate, for instance: ownership, co-ownership, servitude right of necessity of passage, establishing the necessity of passage, making an entry in the land and mort gage register and in the National Court Register. Besides, there is – in this article – a comparison between non-contentious and contentious proceedings and administrative proceedings. The article describes also the principle of effective judicial protection in non-contentious proceedings. The author proposes amendments in the regulation and in the practice of their application, which are connected with granting more powers to court clerks (referendarz sądowy) and assistants to judges.
{"title":"Judicial protection of rights on real estate in non-contentious proceedings","authors":"Cezary Dzierzbicki","doi":"10.25167/osap.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.1219","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the rights concerning real estates, which are considered in noncontentious proceedings by the court. The author defines non-contentious proceedings, which are a kind of civil proceedings. The scope of non-contentious proceedings involves cases concerning different rights on real estate, for instance: ownership, co-ownership, servitude right of necessity of passage, establishing the necessity of passage, making an entry in the land and mort gage register and in the National Court Register. Besides, there is – in this article – a comparison between non-contentious and contentious proceedings and administrative proceedings. The article describes also the principle of effective judicial protection in non-contentious proceedings. The author proposes amendments in the regulation and in the practice of their application, which are connected with granting more powers to court clerks (referendarz sądowy) and assistants to judges.","PeriodicalId":34464,"journal":{"name":"Opolskie Studia AdministracyjnoPrawne","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46778000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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