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Climate change-induced hazard risks and migration in Bangladesh: A case study 孟加拉国气候变化诱发的灾害风险与移民:案例研究
IF 4.4 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100253
Md. Assraf Seddiky, Esmat Ara, Afsarul Karim

This study explored the effect of climate related hazard-induced risks on migration using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected by conducting a field survey in Cumilla City Corporation, eastern Bangladesh, with 100 respondents using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using an integrated thematic analysis method directed by numerical and non-numerical coding. The findings revealed that climate-related incidents in Bangladesh forced people to move from vulnerable to less vulnerable areas. People who have been hurt by disasters often decided early on to move away in search of a better life. Although many disaster-affected people had the minimum opportunity to stay in the same places, they migrated to avoid future risks and search for a secure life. Migrants faced many socio-economic and environmental challenges in their new settlements. The raising awareness and policy strategies regarding environmental pollution and climate adaptation are urgently needed to reduce the hazard risks and vulnerability of the communities.

本研究采用定性和定量方法探讨了气候灾害引发的风险对移民的影响。在孟加拉国东部的库米拉市公司进行了一次实地调查,采用简单随机抽样和目的性抽样技术收集了 100 名受访者的数据。在数字和非数字编码的指导下,采用综合主题分析方法对定性和定量数据进行了分析。研究结果表明,孟加拉国与气候有关的事件迫使人们从脆弱地区迁移到不太脆弱的地区。受到灾害伤害的人们往往很早就决定搬走,以寻求更好的生活。尽管许多灾民有最起码的机会留在原地,但他们还是迁移以避免未来的风险并寻求安全的生活。移民在新的定居点面临许多社会经济和环境挑战。迫切需要提高对环境污染和气候适应的认识并制定政策战略,以降低灾害风险和社区的脆弱性。
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引用次数: 0
Achieving sustainability in family farming 实现家庭农业的可持续性
IF 4.4 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2023.100235
Eric O. Verger , Marjorie Le Bars

While small-scale farming households constitute a large part of the population, as well as the producers of the majority of food supplies in low- and middle-income countries, major gaps remain in the ability to produce reliable solutions to achieve sustainability in family farming.

This special issue aims to address some blind spots and shed new light on sustainability in family farming using sustainability science. The publications presented in this special issue will enable readers to grasp the importance of a detailed and situated understanding of the needs and practices of family farming, as well as the importance of involving farmers and their families in our research to find solutions for improving the sustainability of family farming that will benefit everyone.

虽然小规模农户占人口的很大一部分,也是低收入和中等收入国家大部分粮食供应的生产者,但在制定可靠的解决方案以实现家庭农业可持续性的能力方面仍存在重大差距。本特刊中介绍的出版物将使读者了解详细、全面地了解家庭农业需求和实践的重要性,以及让农民及其家庭参与我们的研究,从而找到改善家庭农业可持续性的解决方案的重要性,这将使每个人受益。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing determinants, challenges and perceptions to adopting water-saving technologies among agricultural households in semi-arid states of India 评估印度半干旱邦农户采用节水技术的决定因素、挑战和看法
IF 4.4 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100255
Geetha Mohan , Lakshmi Narayana Perarapu , Saroj Kumar Chapagain , A. Amarender Reddy , Indrek Melts , Ranjeeta Mishra , Ram Avtar , Kensuke Fukushi

This study investigates the adoption of water-saving irrigation technologies, specifically drip and sprinklers, within India's semi-arid states. Utilizing a probit model and data sourced from the India Human Development Survey-II, the research scrutinizes a sample size of 2891 households while engaging in focus group discussions. The findings highlight several key factors significantly impacting technology adoption, including education, caste, employment status, household income, orchard ownership, landholding size, irrigation source, access to irrigation, the Kisan Credit Card scheme, and utilization of electric and diesel pumps. Moreover, the study uncovers state-specific variations driven by factors such as water resources, crop patterns, and government policies, ultimately shaping the adoption landscape of specific irrigation technologies. Focus group discussions conducted in Andhra Pradesh reveal prominent challenges faced, including limited subsidies, high costs associated with adoption, and crop-specific irrigation requirements. In light of these findings, the study emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive approach to achieve water conservation and enhance livelihoods. This approach advocates for the integration of joint farming practices, water-sharing methods, supportive financial policies encompassing subsidies and accessible credit facilities, and the implementation of sustainable government social schemes. Such integrated efforts are deemed imperative for fostering resilient societies amidst evolving agricultural and environmental landscapes.

本研究调查了印度半干旱邦采用节水灌溉技术(特别是滴灌和喷灌)的情况。研究利用 probit 模型和来自印度人类发展调查-II 的数据,对 2891 个家庭进行了抽样调查,并开展了焦点小组讨论。研究结果强调了对技术采用产生重大影响的几个关键因素,包括教育、种姓、就业状况、家庭收入、果园所有权、土地保有量、灌溉来源、获得灌溉的途径、Kisan 信用卡计划以及电泵和柴油泵的使用情况。此外,研究还揭示了各州在水资源、作物模式和政府政策等因素驱动下的具体差异,这些差异最终影响了特定灌溉技术的采用情况。在安得拉邦开展的焦点小组讨论揭示了所面临的突出挑战,包括补贴有限、与采用相关的高成本以及特定作物的灌溉要求。鉴于这些发现,本研究强调有必要采取综合方法来实现节水和改善民生。这种方法主张综合采用联合耕作法、分水法、包括补贴和可获得信贷在内的支持性财政政策,以及实施可持续的政府社会计划。这种综合努力被认为是在不断变化的农业和环境景观中培育具有复原力的社会所必需的。
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引用次数: 0
The development of global environmental concern during the last three decades 过去三十年全球环境问题的发展情况
IF 3.7 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100260
Axel Franzen, Sebastian Bahr

The environmental concern of a country's population is an important prerequisite for addressing environmental problems, foremost reducing CO2 emissions and limiting global warming. In this paper, we analyze the development of environmental concern by using the newest wave of the environmental module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) for 29 countries. First, we discuss the measurement of environmental concern and construct a ranking of countries according to the 2020 survey results. Second, we analyze the determinants of environmental concern by employing multilevel models that take individual effects as well as context effects into account. The results show that environmental concern has increased in almost all nations since the last measurement in 2010. The country ranking is headed by European nations such as Switzerland, France and Germany. The USA takes a middle position and China ranks number 20. We observe more variance within countries at the individual level as compared to the differences between countries. At the individual level, environmental concern is closely related to education, post-materialistic values, political attitudes, and individuals' trust in the news media and in science. At the country level, the average environmental concern increases with the wealth of nations.

一个国家人口的环境关注度是解决环境问题的重要前提,其中最重要的是减少二氧化碳排放和限制全球变暖。在本文中,我们利用国际社会调查计划(ISSP)最新的环境模块,对 29 个国家的环境关注度发展情况进行了分析。首先,我们讨论了环境关注度的测量方法,并根据 2020 年的调查结果构建了国家排名。其次,我们采用考虑了个体效应和环境效应的多层次模型,分析了环境问题的决定因素。结果显示,自 2010 年的上一次测量以来,几乎所有国家的环境关注度都有所提高。在国家排名中,瑞士、法国和德国等欧洲国家位居前列。美国居中,中国排名第 20 位。与国与国之间的差异相比,我们发现各国内部在个人层面上的差异更大。在个人层面,对环境的关注与教育、后物质主义价值观、政治态度以及个人对新闻媒体和科学的信任密切相关。在国家层面,平均环境关注度随着国家的富裕程度而增加。
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引用次数: 0
Framing vulnerability: An ecolinguistic analysis of gender and climate change discourse 塑造脆弱性:性别与气候变化话语的生态语言分析
IF 4.4 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100258
Musarat Yasmin, Sidra

This study examines how climate change organizations employ discourse strategies to highlight the vulnerability of women to climate change. It also explores how these strategies disrupt the conventional climate change narrative by integrating gender issues and emphasizing women's social and cultural experiences. The study utilizes the framework of ecolinguistics to examine narratives woven into the textual discourse. The research, based on 40 tweets from organizations such as the UN Environment Program and UN Women, offers insights into how these organizations utilize ecolinguistic techniques in communicating climate issues. The findings of the study revealed that gender intersections with other social identities determine vulnerabilities to environmental changes, as the research highlights the disproportionate impacts on women, especially those from marginalized backgrounds. This study contributes to the existing literature in terms of exploring the depiction of this issue in the Twitter discourse of international organizations.

本研究探讨了气候变化组织如何运用话语策略来强调妇女在气候变化中的脆弱性。研究还探讨了这些策略如何通过整合性别问题和强调妇女的社会和文化经历来打破常规的气候变化叙事。本研究利用生态语言学的框架来研究文本话语中交织的叙事。研究以联合国环境规划署和联合国妇女署等组织的 40 条推文为基础,深入探讨了这些组织在传播气候问题时如何利用生态语言学技术。研究结果表明,性别与其他社会身份的交叉决定了面对环境变化时的脆弱性,因为研究强调了对女性,尤其是那些来自边缘化背景的女性造成的不成比例的影响。本研究为现有文献探索国际组织 Twitter 话语中对这一问题的描述做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of gender-inclusive extension approaches on farmer understanding and willingness to pay for bundled financial services 性别包容推广方法对农民对捆绑式金融服务的理解和支付意愿的影响
IF 3.7 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100268
Building the resilience of smallholder farmers, and their ability to cope with the negative impacts of climate shocks can significantly improve the sustainability of agriculture as a reliable source of livelihood. While innovations such as index insurance and bundled financial instruments could enhance smallholder farmers' climate resilience, their uptake, and use remain low, especially among women farmers. Based on experimental data from a risk contingent credit (RCC—an insurance bundled credit product) project in Kenya, we argue that employing inclusive extension approaches that address social inequities in information access and use could enhance gender equality in product understanding, a key determinant of uptake. We evaluate the gender differences of the impacts of conventional face-to-face, animated brochures, and video-based extension approaches on product understanding and willingness to pay (WTP) for RCC. We find that; (i) providing animated brochures to a random subset of farmers significantly improved their understanding and WTP for the product, (ii) the use of animated videos significantly increased product understanding, but it had weaker impacts on the farmers' WTP, and (iii) the impact of animated brochures on product understanding was significantly larger among women farmers. This study underscores the importance of addressing social and cultural barriers to agricultural information access and use, and designing tailored extension approaches to support men and women in making informed decisions about climate risk management. From a policy perspective, we conclude that addressing these barriers could foster a socially fair, and a more sustainable and resilient agricultural sector for both men and women smallholder farmers.
增强小农的抗灾能力以及他们应对气候冲击负面影响的能力,可以大大提高农业作为可靠生计来源的可持续性。虽然指数保险和捆绑式金融工具等创新措施可以提高小农的气候抗御能力,但这些措施的吸收率和使用率仍然很低,尤其是在女性农民中。基于肯尼亚一个风险应急信贷(RCC--一种保险捆绑信贷产品)项目的实验数据,我们认为,采用包容性推广方法来解决信息获取和使用方面的社会不平等问题,可以提高产品理解方面的性别平等,而这正是吸收的一个关键决定因素。我们评估了传统的面对面、动画小册子和基于视频的推广方法对产品理解和 RCC 支付意愿(WTP)的性别差异影响。我们发现:(i) 向随机的农民子集提供动画小册子能显著提高他们对产品的理解和 WTP,(ii) 使用动画视频能显著提高对产品的理解,但对农民 WTP 的影响较弱,(iii) 动画小册子对产品理解的影响在女性农民中明显更大。这项研究强调了解决农业信息获取和使用方面的社会和文化障碍以及设计有针对性的推广方法以支持男性和女性在气候风险管理方面做出明智决策的重要性。从政策角度看,我们认为消除这些障碍可以促进社会公平,并为男性和女性小农提供更可持续、更具复原力的农业部门。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of Equisetum spp and Zantedeschia aethiopica on the evaluation of artificial wetlands as an alternative for wastewater treatment in rural areas of the Ecuadorian Andes 评估人工湿地作为厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉农村地区废水处理替代方案的马钱子属植物和泽兰的性能
IF 4.4 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100243
Carlos Matovelle , María Quinteros , Santiago Aurelio Ochoa-García

Constructed wetlands have been used worldwide as an alternative for wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment using two different species of macrophyte in order to reduce pollution levels in the Curiquingue Creek belonging to the Baños parish in Cuenca, Ecuador. A pilot plant was constructed using Equisetum spp and Zantedeschia aethiopica with a constant flow of 0.32m3d1. Each unit was filled with sand and gravel as the porosity medium with a hydraulic retention time of 5 days. To analyze the efficiency of the wetlands, physical and chemical parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. The results obtained in the laboratory showed that the two species of macrophyte showed good efficiency in the removal of organic matter (100% COD-100% BOD5). On the other hand, Equisetum spp showed better efficiency in the removal of NO3 (80.28%) and PO43− (98.57%) meanwhile, Zantedeschia aethiopica showed better efficiency in the removal of TSS (85.71%). Constructed wetlands are an effective and sustainable option for wastewater treatment.

全世界都在使用人工湿地作为废水处理的替代方法。本研究的目的是评估使用两种不同种类的大型藻类处理废水的两处人工湿地,以降低厄瓜多尔昆卡巴尼奥斯教区库里金格小溪的污染水平。利用 Equisetum spp 和 Zantedeschia aethiopica 建造了一个试点工厂,恒定流量为 0.32 立方米/日。每个单元都填充了砂石作为孔隙介质,水力停留时间为 5 天。为了分析湿地的效率,在实验室对物理和化学参数进行了分析。实验室得出的结果表明,这两种大型藻类在去除有机物方面表现出良好的效率(100% COD-100% BOD5)。另一方面,Equisetum spp 在去除 NO3- (80.28%)和 PO43- (98.57%)方面表现出更高的效率,而 Zantedeschia aethiopica 在去除 TSS(85.71%)方面表现出更高的效率。建造湿地是一种有效且可持续的废水处理方法。
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引用次数: 0
Vertical fit of water governing systems: A regional assessment 水治理系统的垂直匹配:地区评估
IF 4.4 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100248
Peyman Arjomandi A. , Seyedalireza Seyedi , Nadejda Komendantova , Ebrahim Vahdani Hulasu

To promote environmentally sustainable water governance, this study emphasizes the necessity of aligning institutional structures with ecological scales. The research focused on the Urmia Lake Basin in Iran facing the serious problem of drying up. Beyond the political and economic determinants shaping the water governance system in the region, the study evaluated the effect of Urmia Lake Restoration Program (ULRP), an environmental movement, on the basin's water governance structure. Employing statistical mechanics methods to scrutinize Hamiltonian system costs related to administrative interactions for water supply-demand, the study assessed the structural fit of the water governance system to the basin across distinct stages: without- and with-including the ULRP. Results revealed diminished costs following ULRP involvement, notably in entities with higher water demands, head offices and the system overall, further improved by water-saving measures. These findings highlighted the efficacy of vertical (re)arrangements and structural reform through ULRP incorporation in enhancing system fit, stressing the significance of its water-saving policy. The methodology provides a fast and explicit scan of the system structure, demonstrating its ability to project the effect of institutional reforms on the system state. Serving as a constructive tool for policymakers, it facilitates rapid, efficient and informed decision-making in water governance. Furthermore, following the UN SDG 6, this framework supports integrated water resources management (IWRM) across sectors and regions, particularly targeting water-stressed contexts.

为促进环境可持续的水资源治理,本研究强调了将制度结构与生态尺度相协调的必要性。研究重点关注面临严重干涸问题的伊朗乌尔米耶湖盆地。除了影响该地区水治理系统的政治和经济决定因素外,本研究还评估了乌尔米耶湖恢复计划(ULRP)这一环保运动对该流域水治理结构的影响。该研究采用统计力学方法,仔细研究了与水供需行政互动相关的哈密尔顿系统成本,评估了水治理系统在不同阶段与流域的结构契合度:没有 ULRP 和有 ULRP 的阶段。结果显示,在 ULRP 参与后,成本降低,尤其是在需水量较高的实体、总部和整个系统中,节水措施进一步提高了成本。这些研究结果凸显了通过纳入 ULRP 进行纵向(重新)安排和结构改革在提高系统适应性方面的功效,强调了其节水政策的重要性。该方法对系统结构进行了快速、明确的扫描,证明其能够预测体制改革对系统状态的影响。作为决策者的建设性工具,它有助于在水资源治理方面做出快速、高效和知情的决策。此外,根据联合国可持续发展目标 6,该框架支持跨部门和跨地区的水资源综合管理(IWRM),特别是针对水资源紧张的情况。
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引用次数: 0
How are large-scale extractive industries affecting progress toward the sustainable development goals in Madagascar? Perceived social-ecological impacts of mining investments 大型采掘业如何影响马达加斯加在实现可持续发展目标方面取得进展?采矿投资对社会生态的影响
IF 3.7 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100257
Julie G. Zaehringer , Madlaina Michelotti , Maëlle Andriambalohary , Fenitra Rajerison , Ambinintsoa Rakotoarinosy , Sandra Eckert , Bruno Ramamonjisoa , Onintsoa Ravaka Andriamihaja

The rapid worldwide increase in resource extraction is evident in Madagascar—a global biodiversity hotspot. This study examines the localized effects of operational and planned large-scale extractive investments on social-ecological systems in Madagascar and links them to the Sustainable Development Goals. The focus is on sites owned or explored by foreign investors, specifically Ambatovy Moramanga, Ambatovy Tamatave, QIT Madagascar Minerals/Rio Tinto, Ranobe, and Tantalum Rare Earth Malagasy. Employing a counterfactual approach, we gathered survey responses from 459 small-scale farming, agro-pastoral, and artisanal-fisheries-based households. The survey provided information on general household characteristics, land use, land management, livelihoods, well-being, and any perceived changes to these variables, as well as any perceived mining impacts related to the changes. Overall, respondents reported predominantly negative effects on land (and sea) use, livelihoods, well-being, and security. Mining pollution, primarily from operational sites, had reduced access to water and fisheries resources, and natural forest areas had diminished. Reduced productivity due to pollution of soils, water, and air had a negative impact on various land uses and affected people's health, particularly in the surroundings of QIT Madagascar Minerals/Rio Tinto. Although some projects, such as Ambatovy, had eventually improved healthcare and infrastructure, most negative mining impacts had occurred during both the exploratory and the operational phases of the projects. Overall, this study offers a comprehensive view of how large-scale extractive investments affect land (and sea) use and human well-being. In addition, we highlight policy implications that must be considered if large-scale extractive investments are to support progress on the 2030 Agenda.

马达加斯加是全球生物多样性的热点地区,资源开采在全球范围内的快速增长在这里显而易见。本研究探讨了正在运营和计划中的大规模采掘投资对马达加斯加社会生态系统的局部影响,并将其与可持续发展目标联系起来。研究重点是外国投资者拥有或勘探的矿区,特别是 Ambatovy Moramanga、Ambatovy Tamatave、QIT Madagascar Minerals/Rio Tinto、Ranobe 和 Tantalum Rare Earth Malagasy。我们采用反事实方法,收集了 459 个小型农业、农牧业和手工渔业家庭的调查反馈。调查提供了有关一般家庭特征、土地使用、土地管理、生计、福利、这些变量的任何预期变化以及与这些变化相关的任何预期采矿影响的信息。总体而言,受访者报告了对土地(和海洋)使用、生计、福祉和安全的主要负面影响。采矿污染,主要是来自作业地点的污染,减少了水和渔业资源的获取,自然森林面积减少。土壤、水和空气污染导致的生产力下降对各种土地利用产生了负面影响,并影响了人们的健康,尤其是在 QIT 马达加斯加矿业公司/力拓公司的周边地区。虽然安巴托维等一些项目最终改善了医疗保健和基础设施,但大多数负面采矿影响都发生在项目的勘探和运营阶段。总之,本研究全面阐述了大规模采掘投资如何影响土地(和海洋)使用和人类福祉。此外,我们还强调了如果大规模采掘投资要支持 2030 年议程的进展,就必须考虑的政策影响。
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引用次数: 0
Community-based water tenure in equitable and transformative drought resilience 在公平和变革性抗旱中以社区为基础的水资源保有权
IF 3.7 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100266
In the search for promising pathways for equitable and transformative climate adaptation in low-income rural areas, the present study focuses on resilience to more variable and less predictable availability of precipitation and water resources. Equitable water governance is conceptualized as formal and informal polycentric decision-making that narrows infrastructure inequities and ensures equitable water resources allocation. Focusing on recognitional and procedural equity, vulnerable women's and men's community-based water tenure is starting point. Partnering with government in Zambia and with the Water Integrity Network in Kenya, field research in three communities in rural Zambia and in rural communities and a small town sharing several schemes in Kenya is conducted. These studies recognized horizontal polycentricity of community-based water tenure by identifying common features: communities' age-old drought resilience coping strategies to meet daily domestic water needs and daily or seasonal small-scale productive water needs, by tapping water from surface- and groundwater sources through multi-purpose infrastructure, both self-financed and publicly supported, and by ‘sharing’ water ‘in’ within the community and ‘sharing out’ with neighbouring communities and powerful third parties. Procedural equity implies inclusive, locally-led planning, design and implementation in polycentric vertical governance with governments and other support agencies from local to national level and vice versa. The four interventions studied were the installation of a a solar-powered borehole for multiple uses and local government's institutional framework for potential replication in Zambia, and post-construction support of small water systems and a planned megadam in Kenya. Further research on similar transformative approaches elsewhere is recommended.
为寻找在低收入农村地区实现公平和变革性气候适应的可行途径,本研究将重点放在对降水和水资源可预测性较差且变化较大的适应能力上。公平水治理的概念是正式和非正式的多中心决策,可缩小基础设施的不平等,确保水资源的公平分配。以承认公平和程序公平为重点,以弱势妇女和男子的社区水使用权为起点。与赞比亚政府和肯尼亚水诚信网络合作,在赞比亚农村地区的三个社区以及肯尼亚的农村社区和一个共享多个计划的小镇开展了实地研究。这些研究确认了社区水权的横向多中心性,确定了共同特征:社区自古以来就有的抗旱应对策略,通过自筹资金和公共支持的多用途基础设施从地表水和地下水源取水,在社区内 "分享 "水资源,并与邻近社区和有实力的第三方 "分享 "水资源,以满足日常家庭用水需求和日常或季节性小规模生产用水需求。程序公平意味着在多中心垂直治理中,由政府和其他支持机构(从地方到国家,反之亦然)进行包容性的、由地方主导的规划、设计和实施。所研究的四项干预措施包括:在赞比亚安装太阳能井眼,供多种用途;建立地方政府的制度框架,以便进行潜在的推广;在肯尼亚为小型供水系统和规划中的巨型水坝提供施工后支持。建议进一步研究其他地方类似的变革方法。
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引用次数: 0
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