Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6040082
Sattar Shojaeiyan, M. Dehghani, P. Siano
With the ever-growing frequency of natural catastrophe occurrences such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, etc., the idea of resilient microgrids (MGs) has attracted more attention than before. Providing the opportunity for a multi-carrier energy supply after a natural catastrophe can lessen power losses and improve power resiliency and reliability. Critical loads within the MG can be prioritized and restored in the shortest possible time based on the condition of the network after the damaging occurrence by considering the energy hub (EH) systems and the optimum design and allocation of these multi-carrier systems. To this end, this paper aims to address the resilience framework in MGs considering sets of water and EHs (WEHs) consisting of CHP (combined heat and power), a boiler, energy storage, and a desalination unit. This study focused on considering an effective resilient scheme to restore critical loads in a short period after a natural catastrophe when the MG experiences an unpredictable event. By applying the idea of WEHs, there would be a chance of restoring the system by using two sets of WEH systems in the appropriate islanded points to restore the system and critical loads of electricity, heat, and water. For this purpose, different scenarios were considered for assessing the resiliency of the system against a natural catastrophic event that causes serious damage to the network by analyzing the energy-not-supplied (ENS) factor. Moreover, the allocated WEHs can adequately supply the electrical, water, and thermal demand loads throughout the day after the natural catastrophe. To mitigate the unforeseen variations in the renewable sources, a battery is located in the WEH, which can attend to the optimal scheduling effectively. A scenario-based method is also introduced to improve the resiliency of MGs in an uncertain environment such as electrical, heat, and water stochastic demands. The appropriate efficiency of the offered model was considered on a modified IEEE test system.
{"title":"Microgrids Resiliency Enhancement against Natural Catastrophes Based Multiple Cooperation of Water and Energy Hubs","authors":"Sattar Shojaeiyan, M. Dehghani, P. Siano","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6040082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040082","url":null,"abstract":"With the ever-growing frequency of natural catastrophe occurrences such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, etc., the idea of resilient microgrids (MGs) has attracted more attention than before. Providing the opportunity for a multi-carrier energy supply after a natural catastrophe can lessen power losses and improve power resiliency and reliability. Critical loads within the MG can be prioritized and restored in the shortest possible time based on the condition of the network after the damaging occurrence by considering the energy hub (EH) systems and the optimum design and allocation of these multi-carrier systems. To this end, this paper aims to address the resilience framework in MGs considering sets of water and EHs (WEHs) consisting of CHP (combined heat and power), a boiler, energy storage, and a desalination unit. This study focused on considering an effective resilient scheme to restore critical loads in a short period after a natural catastrophe when the MG experiences an unpredictable event. By applying the idea of WEHs, there would be a chance of restoring the system by using two sets of WEH systems in the appropriate islanded points to restore the system and critical loads of electricity, heat, and water. For this purpose, different scenarios were considered for assessing the resiliency of the system against a natural catastrophic event that causes serious damage to the network by analyzing the energy-not-supplied (ENS) factor. Moreover, the allocated WEHs can adequately supply the electrical, water, and thermal demand loads throughout the day after the natural catastrophe. To mitigate the unforeseen variations in the renewable sources, a battery is located in the WEH, which can attend to the optimal scheduling effectively. A scenario-based method is also introduced to improve the resiliency of MGs in an uncertain environment such as electrical, heat, and water stochastic demands. The appropriate efficiency of the offered model was considered on a modified IEEE test system.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49308584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6040081
Julius Jay Lacson, H. S. Lidasan, Vidya Spay Putri Ayuningtyas, L. Feliscuzo, Johann Heinrich Malongo, Nove Joshua Lactuan, Paul B. Bokingkito, Lemuel Clark P. Velasco
There are limited research articles that focus on smart city assessment (SCA) applications as it is a relatively new field of research and practice. However, numerous studies have been conducted and published to date, particularly in developing countries, with the broad objective of building theoretical frameworks that are centered on smart city assessments. This study aimed to systematically examine the available literature on SCA, particularly in the context of developing economies, and provide valuable insights for the various stakeholders involved in smart city projects. The specific objectives of the study were to synthesize the existing literature on smart city assessment in developing economies, analyze the frameworks employed for smart city assessment, and identify critical gaps in these frameworks while providing recommendations for future research. The methodology employed involved a scoping review procedure, and the data that were collected and analyzed were specific to developing economies. The findings revealed that SCA often incorporates other research methods, such as mixed and quantitative analyses, and embraces a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses various subject areas. While social science emerged as a prominent subject area, sustainability, renewable energy, and industrial development also play crucial roles in smart city assessments. This study highlighted that ISO 37122:2019 is the most widely adopted framework due to its structured methodology, ability to measure progress over time, and potential for benchmarking against other cities. However, it is important to consider that each framework has its own strengths and weaknesses, and cities may opt to utilize multiple frameworks or tailor them to their specific needs. Our paper concludes by emphasizing the significance of this research in providing comprehensive insights into smart city assessment in developing economies and the need for further studies to address the identified gaps and enhance future assessments.
{"title":"Smart City Assessment in Developing Economies: A Scoping Review","authors":"Julius Jay Lacson, H. S. Lidasan, Vidya Spay Putri Ayuningtyas, L. Feliscuzo, Johann Heinrich Malongo, Nove Joshua Lactuan, Paul B. Bokingkito, Lemuel Clark P. Velasco","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6040081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040081","url":null,"abstract":"There are limited research articles that focus on smart city assessment (SCA) applications as it is a relatively new field of research and practice. However, numerous studies have been conducted and published to date, particularly in developing countries, with the broad objective of building theoretical frameworks that are centered on smart city assessments. This study aimed to systematically examine the available literature on SCA, particularly in the context of developing economies, and provide valuable insights for the various stakeholders involved in smart city projects. The specific objectives of the study were to synthesize the existing literature on smart city assessment in developing economies, analyze the frameworks employed for smart city assessment, and identify critical gaps in these frameworks while providing recommendations for future research. The methodology employed involved a scoping review procedure, and the data that were collected and analyzed were specific to developing economies. The findings revealed that SCA often incorporates other research methods, such as mixed and quantitative analyses, and embraces a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses various subject areas. While social science emerged as a prominent subject area, sustainability, renewable energy, and industrial development also play crucial roles in smart city assessments. This study highlighted that ISO 37122:2019 is the most widely adopted framework due to its structured methodology, ability to measure progress over time, and potential for benchmarking against other cities. However, it is important to consider that each framework has its own strengths and weaknesses, and cities may opt to utilize multiple frameworks or tailor them to their specific needs. Our paper concludes by emphasizing the significance of this research in providing comprehensive insights into smart city assessment in developing economies and the need for further studies to address the identified gaps and enhance future assessments.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49347599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6040080
Jose Sanchez Gracias, G. Parnell, E. Specking, E. Pohl, Randy K. Buchanan
Smart cities are rapidly evolving concept-transforming urban developments in the 21st century. Smart cities use advanced technologies and data analytics to improve the quality of life for their citizens, increase the efficiency of infrastructure and services, and promote sustainable economic growth. Smart cities integrate multiple domains, including transportation, energy, health, education, and governance, to create an interconnected and intelligent urban environment. Our research study methodology was a structured literature review using Web of Science and Google Scholar and ten smart city research questions. The research questions included smart city definitions, advantages, disadvantages, implementation challenges, funding, types of applications, quantitative techniques for analysis, and prioritization metrics. In addition, our study analyzes the implementation of smart city solutions in international contexts and proposes strategies to overcome implementation challenges. The integration of technology and data-driven solutions in smart cities has the potential to revolutionize urban living by providing citizens with personalized and accessible services. However, the implementation also presents challenges, including data privacy concerns, unequal access to technology, and the need for collaboration across private, public, and government sectors. This study provides insights into the current state and future prospects of smart cities and presents an analysis of the challenges and opportunities they present. In addition, we propose a concise definition for smart cities: “Smart cities use digital technologies, communication technologies, and data analytics to create an efficient and effective service environment that improves urban quality of life and promotes sustainability”. Smart cities represent a promising avenue for urban development. As cities continue to grow and face increasingly complex challenges, the integration of advanced technologies and data-driven solutions can help to create more sustainable communities.
智能城市正在迅速发展，概念正在改变21世纪的城市发展。智能城市利用先进的技术和数据分析来提高公民的生活质量，提高基础设施和服务的效率，促进可持续经济增长。智慧城市融合了交通、能源、健康、教育和治理等多个领域，创造了一个互联智能的城市环境。我们的研究方法是使用Web of Science和Google Scholar以及十个智能城市研究问题进行的结构化文献综述。研究问题包括智能城市的定义、优势、劣势、实施挑战、资金、应用类型、定量分析技术和优先级指标。此外，我们的研究分析了国际背景下智能城市解决方案的实施情况，并提出了克服实施挑战的策略。智能城市中技术和数据驱动解决方案的集成有可能通过为公民提供个性化和无障碍的服务来彻底改变城市生活。然而，实施也带来了挑战，包括数据隐私问题、技术获取不平等以及私营、公共和政府部门之间合作的必要性。这项研究深入了解了智能城市的现状和未来前景，并分析了它们所带来的挑战和机遇。此外，我们对智慧城市提出了一个简洁的定义：“智慧城市利用数字技术、通信技术和数据分析来创造高效的服务环境，提高城市生活质量，促进可持续发展”。智慧城市是城市发展的一条充满希望的途径。随着城市的不断发展和面临越来越复杂的挑战，先进技术和数据驱动解决方案的集成有助于创建更可持续的社区。
{"title":"Smart Cities—A Structured Literature Review","authors":"Jose Sanchez Gracias, G. Parnell, E. Specking, E. Pohl, Randy K. Buchanan","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6040080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040080","url":null,"abstract":"Smart cities are rapidly evolving concept-transforming urban developments in the 21st century. Smart cities use advanced technologies and data analytics to improve the quality of life for their citizens, increase the efficiency of infrastructure and services, and promote sustainable economic growth. Smart cities integrate multiple domains, including transportation, energy, health, education, and governance, to create an interconnected and intelligent urban environment. Our research study methodology was a structured literature review using Web of Science and Google Scholar and ten smart city research questions. The research questions included smart city definitions, advantages, disadvantages, implementation challenges, funding, types of applications, quantitative techniques for analysis, and prioritization metrics. In addition, our study analyzes the implementation of smart city solutions in international contexts and proposes strategies to overcome implementation challenges. The integration of technology and data-driven solutions in smart cities has the potential to revolutionize urban living by providing citizens with personalized and accessible services. However, the implementation also presents challenges, including data privacy concerns, unequal access to technology, and the need for collaboration across private, public, and government sectors. This study provides insights into the current state and future prospects of smart cities and presents an analysis of the challenges and opportunities they present. In addition, we propose a concise definition for smart cities: “Smart cities use digital technologies, communication technologies, and data analytics to create an efficient and effective service environment that improves urban quality of life and promotes sustainability”. Smart cities represent a promising avenue for urban development. As cities continue to grow and face increasingly complex challenges, the integration of advanced technologies and data-driven solutions can help to create more sustainable communities.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44274982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6040079
S. Rangarajan, R. Raman, Amritpal Singh, C. Shiva, Ritesh Kumar, P. Sadhu, E. R. Collins, Tomonobu Senjyu
Recent years have seen a surge in interest in DC microgrids as DC loads and DC sources like solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, batteries, and other options have become more mainstream. As more distributed energy resources (DERs) are integrated into an existing smart grid, DC networks have come to the forefront of the industry. DC systems completely sidestep the need for synchronization, reactive power control, and frequency control. DC systems are more dependable and productive than ever before because AC systems are prone to all of these issues. There is a lot of unrealized potential in DC power, but it also faces some significant challenges. Protecting a DC system is difficult because there is no discrete location of where the current disappears. DC microgrid stability that is dependent on inertia must also be considered during the planning stage. The problems that DC microgrids have include insufficient power quality and poor communication. The power quality, inertia, communication, and economic operations of these value streams, as well as their underlying architectures and protection schemes, are all extensively discussed in this paper. This review paper examines the pros and cons of both grid-connected and isolated DC microgrids. In addition, the paper compares the different kinds of microgrids in terms of power distribution and energy management agency, such as the prerequisites for a DC microgrid’s planning, operation, and control that must be met before state-of-the-art systems can be implemented.
{"title":"DC Microgrids: A Propitious Smart Grid Paradigm for Smart Cities","authors":"S. Rangarajan, R. Raman, Amritpal Singh, C. Shiva, Ritesh Kumar, P. Sadhu, E. R. Collins, Tomonobu Senjyu","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6040079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040079","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen a surge in interest in DC microgrids as DC loads and DC sources like solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, batteries, and other options have become more mainstream. As more distributed energy resources (DERs) are integrated into an existing smart grid, DC networks have come to the forefront of the industry. DC systems completely sidestep the need for synchronization, reactive power control, and frequency control. DC systems are more dependable and productive than ever before because AC systems are prone to all of these issues. There is a lot of unrealized potential in DC power, but it also faces some significant challenges. Protecting a DC system is difficult because there is no discrete location of where the current disappears. DC microgrid stability that is dependent on inertia must also be considered during the planning stage. The problems that DC microgrids have include insufficient power quality and poor communication. The power quality, inertia, communication, and economic operations of these value streams, as well as their underlying architectures and protection schemes, are all extensively discussed in this paper. This review paper examines the pros and cons of both grid-connected and isolated DC microgrids. In addition, the paper compares the different kinds of microgrids in terms of power distribution and energy management agency, such as the prerequisites for a DC microgrid’s planning, operation, and control that must be met before state-of-the-art systems can be implemented.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43258684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6040077
Safaa Mimi, Yann Ben Maissa, A. Tamtaoui
Demand-side management in the smart grid often consists of optimizing energy-related objective functions, with respect to variables, in the presence of constraints expressing electrical consumption habits. These functions are often related to the user’s electricity invoice (cost) or to the peak energy consumption (peak-to-average energy ratio), which can cause electrical network failure on a large scale. However, the growth in energy demand, especially in emerging countries, is causing a serious energy crisis. This is why several studies focus on these optimization approaches. To our knowledge, no article aims to collect and analyze the results of research on peak-to-average energy consumption ratio and cost optimization using a systematic reproducible method. Our goal is to fill this gap by presenting a systematic mapping study on the subject, spanning the last decade (2013–2022). The methodology used first consisted of searching digital libraries according to a specific search string (104 relevant studies out of 684). The next step relied on an analysis of the works (classified using 13 criteria) according to 5 research questions linked to algorithmic trends, energy source, building type, optimization objectives and pricing schemes. Some main results are the predominance of the genetic algorithms heuristics, an insufficient focus on renewable energy and storage systems, a bias in favor of residential buildings and a preference for real-time pricing schemes. The main conclusions are related to the promising hybridization between the genetic algorithms and swarm optimization approaches, as well as a greater integration of user preferences in the optimization. Moreover, there is a need for accurate renewable and storage models, as well as for broadening the optimization scope to other objectives such as CO2 emissions or communications load.
{"title":"Optimization Approaches for Demand-Side Management in the Smart Grid: A Systematic Mapping Study","authors":"Safaa Mimi, Yann Ben Maissa, A. Tamtaoui","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6040077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040077","url":null,"abstract":"Demand-side management in the smart grid often consists of optimizing energy-related objective functions, with respect to variables, in the presence of constraints expressing electrical consumption habits. These functions are often related to the user’s electricity invoice (cost) or to the peak energy consumption (peak-to-average energy ratio), which can cause electrical network failure on a large scale. However, the growth in energy demand, especially in emerging countries, is causing a serious energy crisis. This is why several studies focus on these optimization approaches. To our knowledge, no article aims to collect and analyze the results of research on peak-to-average energy consumption ratio and cost optimization using a systematic reproducible method. Our goal is to fill this gap by presenting a systematic mapping study on the subject, spanning the last decade (2013–2022). The methodology used first consisted of searching digital libraries according to a specific search string (104 relevant studies out of 684). The next step relied on an analysis of the works (classified using 13 criteria) according to 5 research questions linked to algorithmic trends, energy source, building type, optimization objectives and pricing schemes. Some main results are the predominance of the genetic algorithms heuristics, an insufficient focus on renewable energy and storage systems, a bias in favor of residential buildings and a preference for real-time pricing schemes. The main conclusions are related to the promising hybridization between the genetic algorithms and swarm optimization approaches, as well as a greater integration of user preferences in the optimization. Moreover, there is a need for accurate renewable and storage models, as well as for broadening the optimization scope to other objectives such as CO2 emissions or communications load.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45462364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6040078
A. Kuzior, O. Pakhnenko, I. Tiutiunyk, S. Lyeonov
A smart city is a complex concept that can be analyzed from different aspects and points of view. E-governance plays a key role in facilitating the integration of all elements of a smart city. The purpose of the article is to investigate key enablers of e-governance in terms of economic, social, political, information and technological indicators. The research base includes 68 smart cities selected on the basis of different regional affiliations and different economic, social and political developments. The authors apply the methods of cluster analysis (to divide smart cities into clusters according to e-governance indicators); construction of an integral indicator using the linear mathematical model and the Fishburn formula; VAR/VEC modeling (to stud the key factors influencing the development of e-government in smart cities). It was found that the Human Development Index has the greatest impact on e-governance, while the GNI per capita indicator demonstrated the absence of influence for all clusters. The factor of information technologies was defined as the main factor of direct influence on the Smart City Governance Index for smart cities of the first cluster with the highest indicators of e-governance.
{"title":"E-Governance in Smart Cities: Global Trends and Key Enablers","authors":"A. Kuzior, O. Pakhnenko, I. Tiutiunyk, S. Lyeonov","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6040078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040078","url":null,"abstract":"A smart city is a complex concept that can be analyzed from different aspects and points of view. E-governance plays a key role in facilitating the integration of all elements of a smart city. The purpose of the article is to investigate key enablers of e-governance in terms of economic, social, political, information and technological indicators. The research base includes 68 smart cities selected on the basis of different regional affiliations and different economic, social and political developments. The authors apply the methods of cluster analysis (to divide smart cities into clusters according to e-governance indicators); construction of an integral indicator using the linear mathematical model and the Fishburn formula; VAR/VEC modeling (to stud the key factors influencing the development of e-government in smart cities). It was found that the Human Development Index has the greatest impact on e-governance, while the GNI per capita indicator demonstrated the absence of influence for all clusters. The factor of information technologies was defined as the main factor of direct influence on the Smart City Governance Index for smart cities of the first cluster with the highest indicators of e-governance.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44828892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid development of deep learning technology in recent years, convolutional neural networks have gained remarkable progress in SAR ship detection tasks. However, noise interference of the background and inadequate appearance features of small-scale objects still pose challenges. To tackle these issues, we propose a small ship detection algorithm for SAR images by means of a coordinate-aware mixed attention mechanism and spatial semantic joint context method. First, the coordinate-aware mixed attention mechanism innovatively combines coordinate-aware channel attention and spatial attention to achieve coordinate alignment of mixed attention features. In this way, attention with finer spatial granularity is conducive to strengthening the focusing ability on small-scale objects, thereby suppressing the background clutters accurately. In addition, the spatial semantic joint context method exploits the local and global environmental information jointly. The detailed spatial cues contained in the multi-scale local context and the generalized semantic information encoded in the global context are used to enhance the feature expression and distinctiveness of small-scale ship objects. Extensive experiments are conducted on the LS-SSDD-v1.0 and the HRSID dataset. The results with an average precision of 77.23% and 90.85% on the two datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
{"title":"Small-Scale Ship Detection for SAR Remote Sensing Images Based on Coordinate-Aware Mixed Attention and Spatial Semantic Joint Context","authors":"Zhengjie Jiang, Yupei Wang, Xiaoqi Zhou, Liang Chen, Yuan Chang, Dongsheng Song, Hao Shi","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6030076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6030076","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of deep learning technology in recent years, convolutional neural networks have gained remarkable progress in SAR ship detection tasks. However, noise interference of the background and inadequate appearance features of small-scale objects still pose challenges. To tackle these issues, we propose a small ship detection algorithm for SAR images by means of a coordinate-aware mixed attention mechanism and spatial semantic joint context method. First, the coordinate-aware mixed attention mechanism innovatively combines coordinate-aware channel attention and spatial attention to achieve coordinate alignment of mixed attention features. In this way, attention with finer spatial granularity is conducive to strengthening the focusing ability on small-scale objects, thereby suppressing the background clutters accurately. In addition, the spatial semantic joint context method exploits the local and global environmental information jointly. The detailed spatial cues contained in the multi-scale local context and the generalized semantic information encoded in the global context are used to enhance the feature expression and distinctiveness of small-scale ship objects. Extensive experiments are conducted on the LS-SSDD-v1.0 and the HRSID dataset. The results with an average precision of 77.23% and 90.85% on the two datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45440507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the rapid climate change caused by increasing CO2 emissions has become a global concern. Efficient transportation systems are necessary to reduce CO2 emissions in cities. Taxi services are an essential part of the transportation system, both in urban areas with high demand and in rural areas with inadequate public transportation. Inefficient taxi services cause problems such as increased idle times, resulting in increased CO2 emissions. This study proposes a taxi allocation model that minimizes taxi idle time costs for efficient taxi service operation. We also propose three heuristic algorithms to solve the proposed model. At last, we conduct a case study by using real taxi data in Nagaoka, Japan. By comparing the three algorithms, the dynamic greedy algorithm produced the best result in terms of idle time cost and CPU time. The findings indicate that by minimizing idle time costs and reducing the number of taxis, it is possible to achieve a significant 81.84% reduction in CO2 emissions within the transportation sector. Further, in order to estimate the idle time costs the sensitivity of demand is considered.
{"title":"Optimization of Taxi Allocation for Minimizing CO2 Emissions Based on Heuristics Algorithms","authors":"Manik Mondal, Kazushi Sano, Teppei Kato, Chonnipa Puppateravanit","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6030075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6030075","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the rapid climate change caused by increasing CO2 emissions has become a global concern. Efficient transportation systems are necessary to reduce CO2 emissions in cities. Taxi services are an essential part of the transportation system, both in urban areas with high demand and in rural areas with inadequate public transportation. Inefficient taxi services cause problems such as increased idle times, resulting in increased CO2 emissions. This study proposes a taxi allocation model that minimizes taxi idle time costs for efficient taxi service operation. We also propose three heuristic algorithms to solve the proposed model. At last, we conduct a case study by using real taxi data in Nagaoka, Japan. By comparing the three algorithms, the dynamic greedy algorithm produced the best result in terms of idle time cost and CPU time. The findings indicate that by minimizing idle time costs and reducing the number of taxis, it is possible to achieve a significant 81.84% reduction in CO2 emissions within the transportation sector. Further, in order to estimate the idle time costs the sensitivity of demand is considered.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6030074
J. Turner, Giovanni Vorraro, Hui Liu, T. Rockstroh, D. Clemente, T. Cabral, P. Rosa-Santos, F. Taveira-Pinto
Seaports are at the forefront of global trade networks, serving as hubs for maritime logistics and the transportation of goods and people. To meet the requirements of such networks, seaport authorities are investing in advanced technologies to enhance the efficiency and reliability of port infrastructures. This can be achieved through the digitalization and automation of core systems, aimed at optimizing the management and handling of both goods and people. Furthermore, a significant effort is being made towards a green energy transition at seaports, which can be supported through marine renewable sources. This promotes energy-mix diversification and autonomy, whilst reducing the noteworthy environmental footprint of seaport activities. By analyzing these pertinent topics under the scope of a review of container-terminal case studies, and these ports’ respective contexts, this paper seeks to identify pioneering smart seaports in the fields of automation, real-time management, connectivity and accessibility control. To foster the sustainable development of seaports, from an energy perspective, the potential integration with marine renewable-energy systems is considered, as well as their capabilities for meeting, even if only partially, the energy demands of seaports. By combining these fields, we attempt to construct a holistic proposal for a “model port” representing the expected evolution towards the seaports of the future.
{"title":"Blue Seaports: The Smart, Sustainable and Electrified Ports of the Future","authors":"J. Turner, Giovanni Vorraro, Hui Liu, T. Rockstroh, D. Clemente, T. Cabral, P. Rosa-Santos, F. Taveira-Pinto","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6030074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6030074","url":null,"abstract":"Seaports are at the forefront of global trade networks, serving as hubs for maritime logistics and the transportation of goods and people. To meet the requirements of such networks, seaport authorities are investing in advanced technologies to enhance the efficiency and reliability of port infrastructures. This can be achieved through the digitalization and automation of core systems, aimed at optimizing the management and handling of both goods and people. Furthermore, a significant effort is being made towards a green energy transition at seaports, which can be supported through marine renewable sources. This promotes energy-mix diversification and autonomy, whilst reducing the noteworthy environmental footprint of seaport activities. By analyzing these pertinent topics under the scope of a review of container-terminal case studies, and these ports’ respective contexts, this paper seeks to identify pioneering smart seaports in the fields of automation, real-time management, connectivity and accessibility control. To foster the sustainable development of seaports, from an energy perspective, the potential integration with marine renewable-energy systems is considered, as well as their capabilities for meeting, even if only partially, the energy demands of seaports. By combining these fields, we attempt to construct a holistic proposal for a “model port” representing the expected evolution towards the seaports of the future.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45329715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.3390/smartcities6030073
K. Turoń, J. Tóth
Shared mobility is developing at a very fast pace around the world, becoming an alternative to classic forms of travel and, according to the public, providing innovative services. In recent years, these innovative services have also gained wide interest among scientists from a multicriteria point of view. However, among the topics and reviews in the literature, no review paper considering shared mobility in terms of innovation was identified. This article’s research objective was to indicate the perception of innovation in shared mobility in scientific works. The results indicate that innovations in shared mobility are a niche topic considered in few scientific works. What is more, in most cases, shared mobility services are perceived as innovative in themselves without detailed service analysis. Moreover, the issues of open innovation, which are closely related to the concept of accessible Mobility as a Service system and smart cities, are often overlooked. In addition, there was no work identified that fully referred to all areas of innovative service. The article supports researchers in the determination of further research directions in the field of shared mobility and fills the research gap in the field of knowledge about open innovation, especially in the context of the development of shared mobility services in smart cities.
{"title":"Innovations in Shared Mobility—Review of Scientific Works","authors":"K. Turoń, J. Tóth","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6030073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6030073","url":null,"abstract":"Shared mobility is developing at a very fast pace around the world, becoming an alternative to classic forms of travel and, according to the public, providing innovative services. In recent years, these innovative services have also gained wide interest among scientists from a multicriteria point of view. However, among the topics and reviews in the literature, no review paper considering shared mobility in terms of innovation was identified. This article’s research objective was to indicate the perception of innovation in shared mobility in scientific works. The results indicate that innovations in shared mobility are a niche topic considered in few scientific works. What is more, in most cases, shared mobility services are perceived as innovative in themselves without detailed service analysis. Moreover, the issues of open innovation, which are closely related to the concept of accessible Mobility as a Service system and smart cities, are often overlooked. In addition, there was no work identified that fully referred to all areas of innovative service. The article supports researchers in the determination of further research directions in the field of shared mobility and fills the research gap in the field of knowledge about open innovation, especially in the context of the development of shared mobility services in smart cities.","PeriodicalId":34482,"journal":{"name":"Smart Cities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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