Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0204
S. Abinaya, S. Chandran, M. KarthigaDevi, E. ManoBharathi
: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) invasion had been a most critical issue that almost every countries are facing to protect their water bodies. Especially in India water hyacinth is not a native crop and there are no native invaders like sea cows in its water bodies and the threat caused is increasing tremendously. Water hyacinth ranks eight World’s worst weed and ranks fourth in Mississippi’s worst aggressive weed. Not a single method of eradication will stop the growth but an integrated approach should be adopted for the complete eradication .In our study we have experimented neem seed kernel as organic biocide for eradication of water hyacinth. Neem seed kernel contain azadirachtin as its chemical component which is toxic to water hyacinth .Neem seed kernels were subjected in the form of powder, solution and extract .The percentage mortality was determined along with waste water quality parameters in each case. It was found that application of neem seed extract has got highest efficiency of about 73% mortality and so neem seed extract along with other physical and biological methods of eradication will give significant eradication of water hyacinth.
{"title":"Organic Method for Eradication of Water Hyacinth Using Neem Seed Kernel-An Experimental Study","authors":"S. Abinaya, S. Chandran, M. KarthigaDevi, E. ManoBharathi","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0204","url":null,"abstract":": Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) invasion had been a most critical issue that almost every countries are facing to protect their water bodies. Especially in India water hyacinth is not a native crop and there are no native invaders like sea cows in its water bodies and the threat caused is increasing tremendously. Water hyacinth ranks eight World’s worst weed and ranks fourth in Mississippi’s worst aggressive weed. Not a single method of eradication will stop the growth but an integrated approach should be adopted for the complete eradication .In our study we have experimented neem seed kernel as organic biocide for eradication of water hyacinth. Neem seed kernel contain azadirachtin as its chemical component which is toxic to water hyacinth .Neem seed kernels were subjected in the form of powder, solution and extract .The percentage mortality was determined along with waste water quality parameters in each case. It was found that application of neem seed extract has got highest efficiency of about 73% mortality and so neem seed extract along with other physical and biological methods of eradication will give significant eradication of water hyacinth.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115935615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0242
Gudeta Konkone Bekele, A. Ahuja
: Industrial buildings are generally provided with sloping roofs with the provision of the entry of natural light through it. Sky light roof is one of such roofs. The information available in the literature regarding wind pressure distribution on sky light roof is limited. An effort has, therefore, been made to carry out an experimental study on the model of low-rise building with Sky light roof in order to generate more information about wind pressure distribution on it. Inflexible model of the rectangular plan low-rise building is made of Perspex sheet. It is provided with many pressure points on the upper surface of the roof. The model is tested in an open circuit boundary layer wind tunnel to measure values of wind pressures at all pressure points. Wind is made to hit the model at seven wind frequency edges from 0° to 90° at an interim of 15°. Values of mean wind pressure coefficients are evaluated from the measured values of wind pressures and contours are plotted. Values of mean wind pressure coefficients obtained experimentally are also compared with those available in the literature.
{"title":"Wind Pressure Distribution on Sky Light Roof","authors":"Gudeta Konkone Bekele, A. Ahuja","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0242","url":null,"abstract":": Industrial buildings are generally provided with sloping roofs with the provision of the entry of natural light through it. Sky light roof is one of such roofs. The information available in the literature regarding wind pressure distribution on sky light roof is limited. An effort has, therefore, been made to carry out an experimental study on the model of low-rise building with Sky light roof in order to generate more information about wind pressure distribution on it. Inflexible model of the rectangular plan low-rise building is made of Perspex sheet. It is provided with many pressure points on the upper surface of the roof. The model is tested in an open circuit boundary layer wind tunnel to measure values of wind pressures at all pressure points. Wind is made to hit the model at seven wind frequency edges from 0° to 90° at an interim of 15°. Values of mean wind pressure coefficients are evaluated from the measured values of wind pressures and contours are plotted. Values of mean wind pressure coefficients obtained experimentally are also compared with those available in the literature.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126104601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0250
R. M. Reddy
: The paper deals with the petrographic details of the subalkaline ferrosyenites which are emplaced in the Cuddapah intrusive province (CIP) of peninsular India. These leucocratic rare rock types (colour index ranges 7 to 19 vol%) are found emplaced at Gundlapalle and Gokanakonda in the Guntur district and at Uppalapadu in the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. All the ferrosyenites show equigranular, hypidiomorphic texture but mineralogically they are different, even though they are uniformly subalkaline in character. Ferrohedenbergite and its altered product called nontronite are found in Gundlapalle ferrosyenite, but fayalite along with clinopyroxene are found in Gokanakonda and Uppalapadu ferrosyenite. Again, at Gokanakonda, a second type of ferrosyenite is found with fayalite along with quartz.
{"title":"Petrography of ferrosyenites from the Cuddapah intrusive Province, Peninsular India","authors":"R. M. Reddy","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0250","url":null,"abstract":": The paper deals with the petrographic details of the subalkaline ferrosyenites which are emplaced in the Cuddapah intrusive province (CIP) of peninsular India. These leucocratic rare rock types (colour index ranges 7 to 19 vol%) are found emplaced at Gundlapalle and Gokanakonda in the Guntur district and at Uppalapadu in the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. All the ferrosyenites show equigranular, hypidiomorphic texture but mineralogically they are different, even though they are uniformly subalkaline in character. Ferrohedenbergite and its altered product called nontronite are found in Gundlapalle ferrosyenite, but fayalite along with clinopyroxene are found in Gokanakonda and Uppalapadu ferrosyenite. Again, at Gokanakonda, a second type of ferrosyenite is found with fayalite along with quartz.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128261498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0249
Avishreshth Avishreshth, T. Chopra
{"title":"Design Aspects of Modern Cement Concrete Pavements in India","authors":"Avishreshth Avishreshth, T. Chopra","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"2009 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127331049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0223
A. Shastry, S. Unnikrishnan
: Research is being undertaken to find an alternate material to steel in reinforced concrete elements. Bamboo has emerged as a possible material, which can be used as an alternative to steel. Present research work involves both experimental and analytical studies. In experimental study, various physical and mechanical properties of bamboo were evaluated. A comparative study was conducted on bamboo reinforced concrete beam and steel reinforced concrete beam, in terms of flexural strength, shear strength and bond strength. In analytical study, finite element modelling of PC, RC and BRC beams were performed using commercially available finite element software, ABAQUS. Results obtained from experiments were used as input for modelling.
{"title":"Investigation on Elastic Properties of Bamboo and Behavior of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams","authors":"A. Shastry, S. Unnikrishnan","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0223","url":null,"abstract":": Research is being undertaken to find an alternate material to steel in reinforced concrete elements. Bamboo has emerged as a possible material, which can be used as an alternative to steel. Present research work involves both experimental and analytical studies. In experimental study, various physical and mechanical properties of bamboo were evaluated. A comparative study was conducted on bamboo reinforced concrete beam and steel reinforced concrete beam, in terms of flexural strength, shear strength and bond strength. In analytical study, finite element modelling of PC, RC and BRC beams were performed using commercially available finite element software, ABAQUS. Results obtained from experiments were used as input for modelling.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134498488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0227
Yong Chang, S. Jiang
{"title":"Research on Key Technology of Life Detection and Rescue Based on Augmented Reality Technology","authors":"Yong Chang, S. Jiang","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122376639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0245
D. Saini, S. Garg, R. Lal, R. Chopra, S. N. Sachdeva
: It is generally believed that increase in subgrade strength leads to decrease in the thickness of a rigid pavement which helps in reducing the cost of pavement. The guidelines of Indian Roads Congress (IRC) for the design of rigid pavements also recommend the use of select soil of minimum CBR 8% in the subgrade for design of cement concrete pavement for roads having traffic greater than 450 CVPD. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the effect of variation in subgrade strength on thickness and cost of a rigid pavement. It is found that the thickness and cost of pavement may not decrease with an increase in the strength of subgrade soil. The provision of using select soil of minimum CBR 8% in the subgrade of the road as recommended by IRC, therefore, needs to be applied carefully.
{"title":"Effect of Varying Subgrade Strength on Cost of a Rigid Pavement","authors":"D. Saini, S. Garg, R. Lal, R. Chopra, S. N. Sachdeva","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0245","url":null,"abstract":": It is generally believed that increase in subgrade strength leads to decrease in the thickness of a rigid pavement which helps in reducing the cost of pavement. The guidelines of Indian Roads Congress (IRC) for the design of rigid pavements also recommend the use of select soil of minimum CBR 8% in the subgrade for design of cement concrete pavement for roads having traffic greater than 450 CVPD. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the effect of variation in subgrade strength on thickness and cost of a rigid pavement. It is found that the thickness and cost of pavement may not decrease with an increase in the strength of subgrade soil. The provision of using select soil of minimum CBR 8% in the subgrade of the road as recommended by IRC, therefore, needs to be applied carefully.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133123234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0232
P. Raveendran, E. Shaji
: Groundwater in the hard rock aquifers of Trivandrum district has been studied to characterize the groundwater potential and prospects. The study area is occupied by four watersheds (Ayirur, Vamanapuram, Karamana and Neyyar) and groundwater is one of the main sources of water for drinking and agricultural purpose. The groundwater scenario has been assessed by using the water table contour maps and groundwater level fluctuation maps based on the data obtained from 93 observation wells. The average water level in the region is 9 to 13 and 8 to 10 mbgl during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively. The deepest water level (20.21 mbgl to 26.67 mbgl) is recorded from places such as Chovvarapotta, Pazhayaucchakkada and Ozhukupara and shallowest water level (0.85 mbgl to 1.61 mbgl) is in places like Irumba, Punnamkarikkakam, Kathipara and Erattachira. Most of the deep dug wells go dry during summer months, though these wells show good water level fluctuation during rainy season. A detailed investigation has revealed that substantial quantity of groundwater is being lost as base flow. This base flow of groundwater makes the rivers and river lets, perennial in the area. The long term trend analysis shows that (ten years data), majority of the wells are showing declining trend (1.99 m/year) and this decline is attributed to the change in land use pattern in the area and less recharge from the rainfall. The rainfall analysis shows that there is not much variation in the rainfall pattern over the last few years. On the basis of mathematical projection the water level trends for the next ten years has been predicted. The analysis shows that the groundwater potential in the hard rock aquifer is depleting hence an immediate recharge measures have to be implemented in this region to arrest the decline trend and the base flow.
{"title":"Hard Rock Aquifers of Trivandrum, Kerala, India: A Critical Analysis of Its Status and Prospects","authors":"P. Raveendran, E. Shaji","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0232","url":null,"abstract":": Groundwater in the hard rock aquifers of Trivandrum district has been studied to characterize the groundwater potential and prospects. The study area is occupied by four watersheds (Ayirur, Vamanapuram, Karamana and Neyyar) and groundwater is one of the main sources of water for drinking and agricultural purpose. The groundwater scenario has been assessed by using the water table contour maps and groundwater level fluctuation maps based on the data obtained from 93 observation wells. The average water level in the region is 9 to 13 and 8 to 10 mbgl during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively. The deepest water level (20.21 mbgl to 26.67 mbgl) is recorded from places such as Chovvarapotta, Pazhayaucchakkada and Ozhukupara and shallowest water level (0.85 mbgl to 1.61 mbgl) is in places like Irumba, Punnamkarikkakam, Kathipara and Erattachira. Most of the deep dug wells go dry during summer months, though these wells show good water level fluctuation during rainy season. A detailed investigation has revealed that substantial quantity of groundwater is being lost as base flow. This base flow of groundwater makes the rivers and river lets, perennial in the area. The long term trend analysis shows that (ten years data), majority of the wells are showing declining trend (1.99 m/year) and this decline is attributed to the change in land use pattern in the area and less recharge from the rainfall. The rainfall analysis shows that there is not much variation in the rainfall pattern over the last few years. On the basis of mathematical projection the water level trends for the next ten years has been predicted. The analysis shows that the groundwater potential in the hard rock aquifer is depleting hence an immediate recharge measures have to be implemented in this region to arrest the decline trend and the base flow.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122369500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0225
G. Mehta, N. Devgan, Amit Mehta
{"title":"Modified Failure Load for Brick Masonry Columns Encased With Ferrocement-An Experimental Study","authors":"G. Mehta, N. Devgan, Amit Mehta","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122856740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0220
S. Hussain, A. Rajkumar, N. M. Nishath, M. Sakthivel, S. Selvasundaram
{"title":"Distribution of Foraminifera and Ostracoda and their Ecological Conditions in the Beach Sands of Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, Southeast Coast of India","authors":"S. Hussain, A. Rajkumar, N. M. Nishath, M. Sakthivel, S. Selvasundaram","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114678989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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