Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0232
P. Raveendran, E. Shaji
: Groundwater in the hard rock aquifers of Trivandrum district has been studied to characterize the groundwater potential and prospects. The study area is occupied by four watersheds (Ayirur, Vamanapuram, Karamana and Neyyar) and groundwater is one of the main sources of water for drinking and agricultural purpose. The groundwater scenario has been assessed by using the water table contour maps and groundwater level fluctuation maps based on the data obtained from 93 observation wells. The average water level in the region is 9 to 13 and 8 to 10 mbgl during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively. The deepest water level (20.21 mbgl to 26.67 mbgl) is recorded from places such as Chovvarapotta, Pazhayaucchakkada and Ozhukupara and shallowest water level (0.85 mbgl to 1.61 mbgl) is in places like Irumba, Punnamkarikkakam, Kathipara and Erattachira. Most of the deep dug wells go dry during summer months, though these wells show good water level fluctuation during rainy season. A detailed investigation has revealed that substantial quantity of groundwater is being lost as base flow. This base flow of groundwater makes the rivers and river lets, perennial in the area. The long term trend analysis shows that (ten years data), majority of the wells are showing declining trend (1.99 m/year) and this decline is attributed to the change in land use pattern in the area and less recharge from the rainfall. The rainfall analysis shows that there is not much variation in the rainfall pattern over the last few years. On the basis of mathematical projection the water level trends for the next ten years has been predicted. The analysis shows that the groundwater potential in the hard rock aquifer is depleting hence an immediate recharge measures have to be implemented in this region to arrest the decline trend and the base flow.
{"title":"Hard Rock Aquifers of Trivandrum, Kerala, India: A Critical Analysis of Its Status and Prospects","authors":"P. Raveendran, E. Shaji","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0232","url":null,"abstract":": Groundwater in the hard rock aquifers of Trivandrum district has been studied to characterize the groundwater potential and prospects. The study area is occupied by four watersheds (Ayirur, Vamanapuram, Karamana and Neyyar) and groundwater is one of the main sources of water for drinking and agricultural purpose. The groundwater scenario has been assessed by using the water table contour maps and groundwater level fluctuation maps based on the data obtained from 93 observation wells. The average water level in the region is 9 to 13 and 8 to 10 mbgl during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively. The deepest water level (20.21 mbgl to 26.67 mbgl) is recorded from places such as Chovvarapotta, Pazhayaucchakkada and Ozhukupara and shallowest water level (0.85 mbgl to 1.61 mbgl) is in places like Irumba, Punnamkarikkakam, Kathipara and Erattachira. Most of the deep dug wells go dry during summer months, though these wells show good water level fluctuation during rainy season. A detailed investigation has revealed that substantial quantity of groundwater is being lost as base flow. This base flow of groundwater makes the rivers and river lets, perennial in the area. The long term trend analysis shows that (ten years data), majority of the wells are showing declining trend (1.99 m/year) and this decline is attributed to the change in land use pattern in the area and less recharge from the rainfall. The rainfall analysis shows that there is not much variation in the rainfall pattern over the last few years. On the basis of mathematical projection the water level trends for the next ten years has been predicted. The analysis shows that the groundwater potential in the hard rock aquifer is depleting hence an immediate recharge measures have to be implemented in this region to arrest the decline trend and the base flow.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122369500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0206
Chen Feiran, X. Xiang, Zhang Zhiyao, Zhou Xiaoxiao, T. Cheng
{"title":"Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Source Rock in Cambrian Yuertus Formation in Aksu Area, Tarim Basin","authors":"Chen Feiran, X. Xiang, Zhang Zhiyao, Zhou Xiaoxiao, T. Cheng","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127088951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0207
Surajit Panda, M. Jain
{"title":"Effects of Green Space Spatial Distribution on Land Surface Temperature: Implications for Land Cover Change as Environmental Indices","authors":"Surajit Panda, M. Jain","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0218
M. Salem, Tarek A Meachail, M. Bassily, S. Torii
: A two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) is a device for heat transmission. The TPCT is composed of three major parts: Lower evaporator, the adiabatic region in the central range and the condenser at the top. Fluids with nanoparticles (particles smaller than 100 nm) suspended in them are called nanofluids that they have a great potential in heat transfer enhancement. In the present study, Nanofluids of aqueous Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles suspensions are prepared in various volume concentration of 0.05–0.20% and used in a TPCT as working media. Experimental results showed that for different input powers, the heat transfer coefficient of the TPCT increases up to 33.04% when GO/water nanofluid is used instead of pure water. A decrease of 24.83% is achived in thermal resistance at 0.20 vol.% for GO/water nanofluid.
{"title":"Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Graphene Oxide/Water Nanofluid in a Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon","authors":"M. Salem, Tarek A Meachail, M. Bassily, S. Torii","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0218","url":null,"abstract":": A two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) is a device for heat transmission. The TPCT is composed of three major parts: Lower evaporator, the adiabatic region in the central range and the condenser at the top. Fluids with nanoparticles (particles smaller than 100 nm) suspended in them are called nanofluids that they have a great potential in heat transfer enhancement. In the present study, Nanofluids of aqueous Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles suspensions are prepared in various volume concentration of 0.05–0.20% and used in a TPCT as working media. Experimental results showed that for different input powers, the heat transfer coefficient of the TPCT increases up to 33.04% when GO/water nanofluid is used instead of pure water. A decrease of 24.83% is achived in thermal resistance at 0.20 vol.% for GO/water nanofluid.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"78 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134160996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0226
U. Mohan, K. Prasad, S. Bhaskar
{"title":"Analysis and Assessment of Strength Development in Concrete Cubes Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Marginal Material","authors":"U. Mohan, K. Prasad, S. Bhaskar","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129489026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0215
N. Mahanta
: Hydrogeological studies in drought-prone Kuchinda and Bamra blocks of Kuchinda Subdivision in northern part of Sambalpur district has indicated predominance of consolidated formations lacking primary porosity. Groundwater occurs both under unconfined and semiconfined conditions in the weathered and fractured zones. Although, there is underdevelopment of groundwater resources in the subdivision as a whole, localized scarcity is found in many places as evidenced from dry wells in summer and increase in the depth of water table over the years. Resistivity survey in 26 locations of the area has indicated 3 to 5 layer cases in the disposition of subsurface rocks. The second and third layers are suitable for groundwater storage and movement and hence can be developed for groundwater. The potential fracture zones are restricted to a depth of 27 to 174.5 m below the ground level.
{"title":"Groundwater Investigation by Resistivity Method In The Drought-Prone Kuchinda and Bamra Blocks, Sambalpur District, Odisha, India","authors":"N. Mahanta","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0215","url":null,"abstract":": Hydrogeological studies in drought-prone Kuchinda and Bamra blocks of Kuchinda Subdivision in northern part of Sambalpur district has indicated predominance of consolidated formations lacking primary porosity. Groundwater occurs both under unconfined and semiconfined conditions in the weathered and fractured zones. Although, there is underdevelopment of groundwater resources in the subdivision as a whole, localized scarcity is found in many places as evidenced from dry wells in summer and increase in the depth of water table over the years. Resistivity survey in 26 locations of the area has indicated 3 to 5 layer cases in the disposition of subsurface rocks. The second and third layers are suitable for groundwater storage and movement and hence can be developed for groundwater. The potential fracture zones are restricted to a depth of 27 to 174.5 m below the ground level.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116190593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0211
Swami Vidula, K. Sushma
: Watershed as an entry point acts as a beginning to address the issues of sustainable rainwater management for improving livelihoods. To deal with water management issues, one must analyse and quantify the different elements of hydrologic processes taking place within the area of interest. For this, in present study, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model is selected to model hydrological processes and compute runoff and sediment yield from the Kaneri watershed. Application of the SWAT model showed a relationship between watershed characteristics and their effects on runoff and sediment yield The distributed nature of the model output helped in identifying the sub basins and even HRUs within the watershed that were more prone to soil erosion and, hence, need to be given priority while implementing soil conservation measures. Its application proved that the model is a very flexible and robust tool that can be used to simulate a variety of watershed problems.
流域作为切入点，是解决可持续雨水管理问题以改善生计的开端。为了处理水管理问题，必须分析和量化在有关领域内发生的水文过程的不同要素。为此，本研究选择SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型来模拟水文过程，并计算Kaneri流域的径流和产沙量。SWAT模型的应用显示了流域特征及其对产流产沙的影响之间的关系，模型输出的分布特性有助于识别流域内更容易发生土壤侵蚀的子流域甚至hru，因此在实施土壤保持措施时需要优先考虑。应用表明，该模型是一种非常灵活、鲁棒的工具，可用于模拟各种流域问题。
{"title":"Application of SWAT Model to Investigate Soil Loss in Kaneri Watershed","authors":"Swami Vidula, K. Sushma","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0211","url":null,"abstract":": Watershed as an entry point acts as a beginning to address the issues of sustainable rainwater management for improving livelihoods. To deal with water management issues, one must analyse and quantify the different elements of hydrologic processes taking place within the area of interest. For this, in present study, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model is selected to model hydrological processes and compute runoff and sediment yield from the Kaneri watershed. Application of the SWAT model showed a relationship between watershed characteristics and their effects on runoff and sediment yield The distributed nature of the model output helped in identifying the sub basins and even HRUs within the watershed that were more prone to soil erosion and, hence, need to be given priority while implementing soil conservation measures. Its application proved that the model is a very flexible and robust tool that can be used to simulate a variety of watershed problems.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131512606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0248
Vikas Sofat, A. Khadwal, Suminder Meerwal
{"title":"An Experimental Study to Check Compressive Strength of Concrete by Using Jute Fibers as Reinforcement","authors":"Vikas Sofat, A. Khadwal, Suminder Meerwal","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134407595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0238
M. Verma, M. Qamar, N. Isaac, V. Bhosekar
{"title":"Diversion Tunnel of Hydropower Projects for Sediment Management","authors":"M. Verma, M. Qamar, N. Isaac, V. Bhosekar","doi":"10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJEE.2017.10.0238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124928649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0236
Siddhartha Sharma
: This study is focused on the assessment of water quality of river Satluj in North Indian state of Punjab and evaluation of 34 physico-chemical variables monitored during the period 2015–2016, at 3 different sampling locations. Multivariate analytical techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA)/ Factor Analysis (FA) were applied to the water quality data set to identify characteristics of water quality in the studied catchment. PCA/FA was applied for source identification to data sets pertaining to 3 spatial groups (upper catchment, middle catchment and lower catchment) responsible for the data structure. These factors are conditionally named soil structure and soil erosion; domestic, municipal and industrial effluents; agricultural activities (fertilizers, livestock waste etc.) and seasonal effect factors.In the current study usefulness of multivariate analysis for evaluation of river Satluj water quality assessment and identification of dominant factors and pollution sources for effective water quality management and determination of spatial and temporal variations in water quality illustrated.
{"title":"Use of Multivariate Analytical Methods in Assessment of River Water Quality","authors":"Siddhartha Sharma","doi":"10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijee.2017.10.0236","url":null,"abstract":": This study is focused on the assessment of water quality of river Satluj in North Indian state of Punjab and evaluation of 34 physico-chemical variables monitored during the period 2015–2016, at 3 different sampling locations. Multivariate analytical techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA)/ Factor Analysis (FA) were applied to the water quality data set to identify characteristics of water quality in the studied catchment. PCA/FA was applied for source identification to data sets pertaining to 3 spatial groups (upper catchment, middle catchment and lower catchment) responsible for the data structure. These factors are conditionally named soil structure and soil erosion; domestic, municipal and industrial effluents; agricultural activities (fertilizers, livestock waste etc.) and seasonal effect factors.In the current study usefulness of multivariate analysis for evaluation of river Satluj water quality assessment and identification of dominant factors and pollution sources for effective water quality management and determination of spatial and temporal variations in water quality illustrated.","PeriodicalId":344962,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117176873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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