Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381254
V. Neumann, Christian Lyra Gomes, C. Unsihuay-Vila, K. Fonseca, Pedro Rodrigues Torres
The infrastructure of the Smart Grid communication will require the use of security protocols based on standards of the state-of-the-art. This work proposes a method of parameterization of the IPsec protocol framework, aimed at security of data interoperability in Smart Grid, according to the requirement levels for the security services: Integrity, Confidentiality and Availability, recommended by the SGIRM (Smart Grid Interoperability Reference Model [1]). The methodology can be used for VPN IPsec Site-to-Site implementations between any pair of the seven domains of the SGIRM: Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Service Providers, Markets, Control / Operations and Customers. The methodology proposed for the VPN Ipsec implementation was applied as step-by-step tasks and implemented in a test bed network. Each test was repeated twenty times aimed at data analysis and statistical evaluation of the results. The field tests allowed us to measure jitter (latency variation) and data flow throughput resulting from the parameterization of IPsec to compare the results with the limits set out in SGIRM, aiming to validate the methodology.
{"title":"Parameterization of IPsec framework for security in the Smart Grid interoperability","authors":"V. Neumann, Christian Lyra Gomes, C. Unsihuay-Vila, K. Fonseca, Pedro Rodrigues Torres","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381254","url":null,"abstract":"The infrastructure of the Smart Grid communication will require the use of security protocols based on standards of the state-of-the-art. This work proposes a method of parameterization of the IPsec protocol framework, aimed at security of data interoperability in Smart Grid, according to the requirement levels for the security services: Integrity, Confidentiality and Availability, recommended by the SGIRM (Smart Grid Interoperability Reference Model [1]). The methodology can be used for VPN IPsec Site-to-Site implementations between any pair of the seven domains of the SGIRM: Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Service Providers, Markets, Control / Operations and Customers. The methodology proposed for the VPN Ipsec implementation was applied as step-by-step tasks and implemented in a test bed network. Each test was repeated twenty times aimed at data analysis and statistical evaluation of the results. The field tests allowed us to measure jitter (latency variation) and data flow throughput resulting from the parameterization of IPsec to compare the results with the limits set out in SGIRM, aiming to validate the methodology.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123506875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381270
H. Chávez
The integration of generation units into distribution networks has led to a definition for the rates associated with the injections of power, as traditional distribution networks only consider tariffs for energy consumption. Such rate definitions have considered several aspects of the problem (such as the cost of operating the distribution network, the nature of the injections and feed-in tariff), so rates amongst different systems differ, not only because of the different energy prices but also because of different definitions that may not be consistent. This paper proposes a systematic definition for the injection tariff in distribution systems. The definition considers that the distribution system has a given operation cost, and that the tariff must be dynamic to represent the contribution of the injection (negative or positive) to the cost of operating the distribution system.
{"title":"An ex-post energy rate mechanism for distribution networks based on real time metering","authors":"H. Chávez","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381270","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of generation units into distribution networks has led to a definition for the rates associated with the injections of power, as traditional distribution networks only consider tariffs for energy consumption. Such rate definitions have considered several aspects of the problem (such as the cost of operating the distribution network, the nature of the injections and feed-in tariff), so rates amongst different systems differ, not only because of the different energy prices but also because of different definitions that may not be consistent. This paper proposes a systematic definition for the injection tariff in distribution systems. The definition considers that the distribution system has a given operation cost, and that the tariff must be dynamic to represent the contribution of the injection (negative or positive) to the cost of operating the distribution system.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131339881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381158
J. Brittes, E. Nunes, J. Jardini, L. Magrini, W. Hokama, L. G. Fernandez Silva
Power Quality is a multidisciplinary systemic challenge. It involves huge data collection, many utility areas, and many other players outside the utility. Because it must connect massive amount of measured current and voltage data from various process levels to almost all utility corporate areas, allowing power conformity, energy availability and high service quality (achieving national and international standards), power quality should be the most suitable area to gain benefits from the smart grid derived concepts. However, issues like substation automation, Common Information Model (CIM) and other attributes from the IEC Smart Grid conceptual landscape are not, by themselves, enough to perform a plug and play power quality (or other area) solution. This article will first discuss the conventional power quality assessment, and subsequently will propose a new approach to “smartize” the power quality assessment from the utility power quality data collection to both its corporate treatment and the external players. The referred utility provides energy to a highly dense urban area as well as to an industrial area. Altogether, both areas account for about seven million consumers, supplied by more than 400 substations scattered over 570 municipalities.
{"title":"“Smartizing” power quality assessment based on IEC smart substation automation","authors":"J. Brittes, E. Nunes, J. Jardini, L. Magrini, W. Hokama, L. G. Fernandez Silva","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381158","url":null,"abstract":"Power Quality is a multidisciplinary systemic challenge. It involves huge data collection, many utility areas, and many other players outside the utility. Because it must connect massive amount of measured current and voltage data from various process levels to almost all utility corporate areas, allowing power conformity, energy availability and high service quality (achieving national and international standards), power quality should be the most suitable area to gain benefits from the smart grid derived concepts. However, issues like substation automation, Common Information Model (CIM) and other attributes from the IEC Smart Grid conceptual landscape are not, by themselves, enough to perform a plug and play power quality (or other area) solution. This article will first discuss the conventional power quality assessment, and subsequently will propose a new approach to “smartize” the power quality assessment from the utility power quality data collection to both its corporate treatment and the external players. The referred utility provides energy to a highly dense urban area as well as to an industrial area. Altogether, both areas account for about seven million consumers, supplied by more than 400 substations scattered over 570 municipalities.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115071053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381265
L. Zamboni, Thiago Lemme Lafalce, G. Lambert-Torres, C. H. Valério de Moraes, Fernando Moana, Jônatas Duarte Lima
The combined use of load management with power operation is one of the basic principles of smart grids. In this new type of grid, there is an integrated operation of different structures. It is important that the generation system is able to help transmission network; the transmission helps the distribution circuits, in all decision-making processes and during its operation. Also, in this concept, consumers should not have a passive role when a problem occurs in the network or in collaboration, for a better system operation. They must also assist the distribution system. This paper is a step in this assistance direction presenting a residential load-management system. An intelligent automatic system for refrigerator control is shown. Its goal is to reduce the energy consumption during the peak-load period. The main idea behind this process is quite simple; observing the consumer habits, the compressor of the refrigerator must be in operation for the minimal possible time during the peak-load period. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of the refrigeration and its operation, the proposed system, and results of some tests.
{"title":"Load management applied to intelligent automation of refrigerators","authors":"L. Zamboni, Thiago Lemme Lafalce, G. Lambert-Torres, C. H. Valério de Moraes, Fernando Moana, Jônatas Duarte Lima","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381265","url":null,"abstract":"The combined use of load management with power operation is one of the basic principles of smart grids. In this new type of grid, there is an integrated operation of different structures. It is important that the generation system is able to help transmission network; the transmission helps the distribution circuits, in all decision-making processes and during its operation. Also, in this concept, consumers should not have a passive role when a problem occurs in the network or in collaboration, for a better system operation. They must also assist the distribution system. This paper is a step in this assistance direction presenting a residential load-management system. An intelligent automatic system for refrigerator control is shown. Its goal is to reduce the energy consumption during the peak-load period. The main idea behind this process is quite simple; observing the consumer habits, the compressor of the refrigerator must be in operation for the minimal possible time during the peak-load period. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of the refrigeration and its operation, the proposed system, and results of some tests.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115122003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381184
Cássio Bortolosso, Roberto Chouhy Leborgne
This paper presents a methodology for voltage sags magnitudes calculation in the presence of alternative energy sources and/or distributed generators. The method determines the degree of influence of the parameters from the new generating units connected to the electrical system with regard to voltage sags magnitudes. The impedance matrix - Zbus is used to obtain analytical expressions that represent key variables in the analysis of voltage sags caused by faults in the grid. The methodology is applicable to any network topology, from transmission to distribution and seems to be a very promising tool to estimate voltage sags in smart grids.
{"title":"Analysis of the impact of new power sources to voltage sags using Zbus","authors":"Cássio Bortolosso, Roberto Chouhy Leborgne","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381184","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for voltage sags magnitudes calculation in the presence of alternative energy sources and/or distributed generators. The method determines the degree of influence of the parameters from the new generating units connected to the electrical system with regard to voltage sags magnitudes. The impedance matrix - Zbus is used to obtain analytical expressions that represent key variables in the analysis of voltage sags caused by faults in the grid. The methodology is applicable to any network topology, from transmission to distribution and seems to be a very promising tool to estimate voltage sags in smart grids.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129647306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381138
E. Coelho, Joelson C. Thomazelli, M. Paiva, M. Segatto
This paper presents a complex network analysis of the Brazilian Power Test System (BPTS), which is based on the real Brazilian electric power system. The aim is to model the BPTS cases via graphs, characterize them according to existing complex network models, compute several invariants from graph and complex networks, and analyze them with respect to these invariants, in order to obtain useful information for the application. The analysis of these metrics applied to the electrical power system can help us to identify and solve problems such as network overload, catastrophic failures and blackouts. Each invariant leads to different critical nodes. Thus, we could look for the best combination of invariants and weights to analyze power system networks.
{"title":"A complex network analysis of the Brazilian Power Test System","authors":"E. Coelho, Joelson C. Thomazelli, M. Paiva, M. Segatto","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381138","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a complex network analysis of the Brazilian Power Test System (BPTS), which is based on the real Brazilian electric power system. The aim is to model the BPTS cases via graphs, characterize them according to existing complex network models, compute several invariants from graph and complex networks, and analyze them with respect to these invariants, in order to obtain useful information for the application. The analysis of these metrics applied to the electrical power system can help us to identify and solve problems such as network overload, catastrophic failures and blackouts. Each invariant leads to different critical nodes. Thus, we could look for the best combination of invariants and weights to analyze power system networks.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130697504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381193
Augusto F. Porras-Ortiz, Jonathan Layedra, Hugo Arcos
Appropriate operating conditions allow to take advantage of the resources more efficiently, in particular, in electrical systems whose thermal generator fleet may affect the ecosystem. Within this context, a Particle Swarm Optimization in DIgSILENT software is proposed to determine appropriate settings for the elements to control the reactive power. This algorithm reduce the active losses which implying a saving of fossil fuels on the Hybrid Santa Cruz and Baltra Island System (SHGEE) located in the Galápagos Islands whose grid is characterized by conventional generation like thermal power plants and unconventional generation such as wind, solar and battery energy storage systems to supply its demand.
{"title":"Active power loss minimization in the Santa Cruz and Baltra hybrid energy system using particle swarm optimization","authors":"Augusto F. Porras-Ortiz, Jonathan Layedra, Hugo Arcos","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381193","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriate operating conditions allow to take advantage of the resources more efficiently, in particular, in electrical systems whose thermal generator fleet may affect the ecosystem. Within this context, a Particle Swarm Optimization in DIgSILENT software is proposed to determine appropriate settings for the elements to control the reactive power. This algorithm reduce the active losses which implying a saving of fossil fuels on the Hybrid Santa Cruz and Baltra Island System (SHGEE) located in the Galápagos Islands whose grid is characterized by conventional generation like thermal power plants and unconventional generation such as wind, solar and battery energy storage systems to supply its demand.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132702885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381203
M. Cintuglu, Ricardo de Azevedo, Tan Ma, O. Mohammed
To reach the future smart grid vision, comprehensively equipped test beds are required for identification of the vulnerabilities, security concerns and the impact analysis of the new control and protection concepts. The future smart substations are expected to have enhanced capabilities such as wide-area situational awareness, interoperability, and self-sustained generation capability to achieve resilient power grid goals. Prior to field deployment, any new protection and control capabilities should pass rigorous tests. With this motivation, this paper presents a real-time experimental analysis for protection and control of smart substations in a state-of the-art test bed platform. A coordinated wide-area protection approach is proposed for transmission and distribution levels enabling interoperability between IEDs at different layers. An aggregated distributed generation and storage dispatch optimization method is proposed for self-sustained smart substations in case of outage such as a blackout situation. In order to validate the proposed protection and control methods, experimental results are given.
{"title":"Real-time experimental analysis for protection and control of smart substations","authors":"M. Cintuglu, Ricardo de Azevedo, Tan Ma, O. Mohammed","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381203","url":null,"abstract":"To reach the future smart grid vision, comprehensively equipped test beds are required for identification of the vulnerabilities, security concerns and the impact analysis of the new control and protection concepts. The future smart substations are expected to have enhanced capabilities such as wide-area situational awareness, interoperability, and self-sustained generation capability to achieve resilient power grid goals. Prior to field deployment, any new protection and control capabilities should pass rigorous tests. With this motivation, this paper presents a real-time experimental analysis for protection and control of smart substations in a state-of the-art test bed platform. A coordinated wide-area protection approach is proposed for transmission and distribution levels enabling interoperability between IEDs at different layers. An aggregated distributed generation and storage dispatch optimization method is proposed for self-sustained smart substations in case of outage such as a blackout situation. In order to validate the proposed protection and control methods, experimental results are given.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"412 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133207565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381195
Julián Malcón, Gabriel Sardi, Elias Carnelli, R. Franco
Smart Grid in Uruguay has a legal framework defined by the main company of generation, transmission, distribution and marketing of energy in the country: UTE. The Transmission Area defined a development model 2015-2025 whose strategic objectives are: Optimization of Transmission Network, Optimization of the Operation Process, Avoid Collapses and Contribute to the Optimization of Generation through the various services provided from Transmission. Initiatives such as Remedial Action Scheme for the whole electric power system, Synchrophasor's Program, Asset Health Center, Control Center and development of Digital Protection, Automation and Control systems, are part of this wide portfolio of Intelligent Network Management.
{"title":"Smart Management of Transmission Network in UTE","authors":"Julián Malcón, Gabriel Sardi, Elias Carnelli, R. Franco","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381195","url":null,"abstract":"Smart Grid in Uruguay has a legal framework defined by the main company of generation, transmission, distribution and marketing of energy in the country: UTE. The Transmission Area defined a development model 2015-2025 whose strategic objectives are: Optimization of Transmission Network, Optimization of the Operation Process, Avoid Collapses and Contribute to the Optimization of Generation through the various services provided from Transmission. Initiatives such as Remedial Action Scheme for the whole electric power system, Synchrophasor's Program, Asset Health Center, Control Center and development of Digital Protection, Automation and Control systems, are part of this wide portfolio of Intelligent Network Management.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132292109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7568657
G. A. Pérez, N. Kagan, J. Jardini
This research evaluates existing technology in monitoring and supervision area, the hydroelectric plants. The aim is to select the best methods that minimize the failures in these plants through a rigorous evaluation and efficient diagnosis indicating its root cause and location in real time. Define the criteria and necessary conditions that will allow transforming the monitoring and supervision networks of hydroelectric plants in intelligent monitoring systems. These innovations will enable the prediction of incipient faults accurately and quickly through mathematical signs and processes model, ensuring greater reliability and availability of plants and a safe and economical operation.
{"title":"Structuring the monitoring and supervision systems of hydroelectric plants as intelligent systems","authors":"G. A. Pérez, N. Kagan, J. Jardini","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7568657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7568657","url":null,"abstract":"This research evaluates existing technology in monitoring and supervision area, the hydroelectric plants. The aim is to select the best methods that minimize the failures in these plants through a rigorous evaluation and efficient diagnosis indicating its root cause and location in real time. Define the criteria and necessary conditions that will allow transforming the monitoring and supervision networks of hydroelectric plants in intelligent monitoring systems. These innovations will enable the prediction of incipient faults accurately and quickly through mathematical signs and processes model, ensuring greater reliability and availability of plants and a safe and economical operation.","PeriodicalId":345318,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133574475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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