This qualitative study was adopted with the major aim to explore the jail environment confronting the children with incarcerated mothers in selected jails of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan including Peshawar, Timergara, Bannu and Mansehra. Primary data was collected from all 15 incarcerated mothers through in-depth interview. Moreover, five each professional lawyers, members of the jail-staff, representatives of the Child Protection Commission, and eight children with jailed mothers who were able to respond to questions, two female psychologists, two jail-based physicians, and four school teachers assigned to teach the children in jails were also interviewed. Results reflect the Jail environment as perilous for incarcerated mothers and their children. They faced humiliating treatment besides being provided with contaminated water and unhygienic foodstuff, non-availability of basic hygienic facilities, the faulty ventilation in the washrooms causing foul smell in the residential hall even entire cells. Cockroaches, rats, insects, bedbugs, centipedes, and irregular arrangement of disinfecting the toilets and residential places coupled their inconveniences. The study recommends evolving an effective policy and its onward implementation in true spirit by the Government of Pakistan to provide good quality services with main focus on drinking water, adequate sanitation facilities, and trained medical and professional physicians.
{"title":"Unhygienic Environment to Children with Incarcerated Mothers in Selected Jails of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Abd Ullah, Niaz Muhammad","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i3.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i3.41","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative study was adopted with the major aim to explore the jail environment confronting the children with incarcerated mothers in selected jails of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan including Peshawar, Timergara, Bannu and Mansehra. Primary data was collected from all 15 incarcerated mothers through in-depth interview. Moreover, five each professional lawyers, members of the jail-staff, representatives of the Child Protection Commission, and eight children with jailed mothers who were able to respond to questions, two female psychologists, two jail-based physicians, and four school teachers assigned to teach the children in jails were also interviewed. Results reflect the Jail environment as perilous for incarcerated mothers and their children. They faced humiliating treatment besides being provided with contaminated water and unhygienic foodstuff, non-availability of basic hygienic facilities, the faulty ventilation in the washrooms causing foul smell in the residential hall even entire cells. Cockroaches, rats, insects, bedbugs, centipedes, and irregular arrangement of disinfecting the toilets and residential places coupled their inconveniences. The study recommends evolving an effective policy and its onward implementation in true spirit by the Government of Pakistan to provide good quality services with main focus on drinking water, adequate sanitation facilities, and trained medical and professional physicians.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Mohammed, Cao Erbao, Abdullah Aloqab, Al Radhi Akram, Wahib Elayah
Qatar is one of richest country in terms of per capita (PC) in the top ten world richest countries. The highest level of growth rate in per capita is attributed to the growth rate in population and energy production. However, There is consensus that growth rate negative affect environment especially growth of population and energy consumption. Furthermore due to Qatar national plan to diversify the economy and reduces reliance on the oil, depletion of oil reservoir in the country and market volatility in the price of petroleum products, there is need to conducted the empirical research to checked the effect of tourism development, energy consumption and urbanization on sustainable development in Qatar. After gathering time series data from the period of 1995 to 2019 and conducting preliminary tests, the study found there is negative and significant effects of energy consumption, urbanization on sustainable development and positive and significant effect of tourism development on the sustainable development. Therefore, it is recommended to plan that project which are environmentally sustainable. Secondly, energy and sustainable nexus shows that energy consumption is detrimental to sustainable development; therefore, fossil fuel energy consumption project should be replaces with energy efficient and environmental friendly projects. Lastly the rate urbanization should be properly managed which could reduce the negative environmental degradation.
{"title":"Impact of Tourism Development, Energy Consumption, Urbanization on Sustainable Development Empirical Evidence from the Qatar","authors":"O. Mohammed, Cao Erbao, Abdullah Aloqab, Al Radhi Akram, Wahib Elayah","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Qatar is one of richest country in terms of per capita (PC) in the top ten world richest countries. The highest level of growth rate in per capita is attributed to the growth rate in population and energy production. However, There is consensus that growth rate negative affect environment especially growth of population and energy consumption. Furthermore due to Qatar national plan to diversify the economy and reduces reliance on the oil, depletion of oil reservoir in the country and market volatility in the price of petroleum products, there is need to conducted the empirical research to checked the effect of tourism development, energy consumption and urbanization on sustainable development in Qatar. After gathering time series data from the period of 1995 to 2019 and conducting preliminary tests, the study found there is negative and significant effects of energy consumption, urbanization on sustainable development and positive and significant effect of tourism development on the sustainable development. Therefore, it is recommended to plan that project which are environmentally sustainable. Secondly, energy and sustainable nexus shows that energy consumption is detrimental to sustainable development; therefore, fossil fuel energy consumption project should be replaces with energy efficient and environmental friendly projects. Lastly the rate urbanization should be properly managed which could reduce the negative environmental degradation.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125951053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The institution of marriage was one of the universal social institutions developed to manage and regulate the existence of people. Forced marriage is a type of marriage in which a couple is married without their consent or against their will. Conventional marriage is the established societal pattern through which two or more individuals form a family, whereas forced marriage is a sort of marriage in which a couple is married against their choice.. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-cultural as well as economic effects that forced marriages have on the Pashtun culture. Tehsil Razar, which is located in the Swabi area, served as the study's primary location. In order to collect information, we used techniques of simple random sampling on 120 female respondents from the entire population of tehsil Razar. This was done for the aim of data collecting. The literature provided a comprehensive questionnaire that was adapted for use, and it was analysed descriptively using Statistical Software for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The current study concluded that in Pashtun culture, forced marriage has become the norm in terms of both the customs and traditions surrounding marriage. The vast majority of the young women are considered "other property," despite their ages ranging from under 18 to over 18. The custom of being married at a young age is deeply ingrained in Pashtun culture since it is believed to bring dignity to the family. Despite the fact that it is perceived to be a financial strain on households. One of the primary reasons for forced marriages in Pashtun society is the lack of education and the ignorance of the parents, both of which contribute to domestic abuse and deprive individuals of their rights as well as their physical and mental wellbeing.
{"title":"Socio-Cultural and Economic Consequences of Forced Marriages A Case Study of District Swabi Tehsil Razzar","authors":"Zeeshan Ahmad, Afzal Ahmad","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"The institution of marriage was one of the universal social institutions developed to manage and regulate the existence of people. Forced marriage is a type of marriage in which a couple is married without their consent or against their will. Conventional marriage is the established societal pattern through which two or more individuals form a family, whereas forced marriage is a sort of marriage in which a couple is married against their choice.. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-cultural as well as economic effects that forced marriages have on the Pashtun culture. Tehsil Razar, which is located in the Swabi area, served as the study's primary location. In order to collect information, we used techniques of simple random sampling on 120 female respondents from the entire population of tehsil Razar. This was done for the aim of data collecting. The literature provided a comprehensive questionnaire that was adapted for use, and it was analysed descriptively using Statistical Software for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The current study concluded that in Pashtun culture, forced marriage has become the norm in terms of both the customs and traditions surrounding marriage. The vast majority of the young women are considered \"other property,\" despite their ages ranging from under 18 to over 18. The custom of being married at a young age is deeply ingrained in Pashtun culture since it is believed to bring dignity to the family. Despite the fact that it is perceived to be a financial strain on households. One of the primary reasons for forced marriages in Pashtun society is the lack of education and the ignorance of the parents, both of which contribute to domestic abuse and deprive individuals of their rights as well as their physical and mental wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127019113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes different financial investment mechanisms on offer for entrepreneurs of MENA regions. Whereby, a literature review-based study was carried out, while collecting resources from various online resources, to give a context of different financial mechanism like Angel investment, Micro financing and Islamic Banking. After giving a thorough analysis of different financial methods, recommendations were provided to further improve these methods to make it feasible for entrepreneurs to excel.
{"title":"Access to Finance for Entrepreneurs in MENA Region","authors":"Huma Imdad","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes different financial investment mechanisms on offer for entrepreneurs of MENA regions. Whereby, a literature review-based study was carried out, while collecting resources from various online resources, to give a context of different financial mechanism like Angel investment, Micro financing and Islamic Banking. After giving a thorough analysis of different financial methods, recommendations were provided to further improve these methods to make it feasible for entrepreneurs to excel.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122043160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was sought to explore the perceptions of primary school teachers regarding effectiveness of parent teacher council at public sector. The study's objectives were to analyse primary school teachers' impressions of the organisation structure of the parent teacher council (PTC), to investigate primary school teachers' perceptions of the functions of the PTC, and to determine the efficacy of the PTC (PTC). The population of the study consisted of all 6988 teachers working in 571 government primary schools in the district of Swabi. As a sample, 100 instructors were chosen at random from 25 government elementary schools in the district of Swabi.. A closed ended questionnaire was chosen for data collection. The questionnaire included a variety of questions based on dichotomous. The collection data was analyzed by using percentage as statistical tool. Findings of the study concluded that majority of the respondents replied that there is parent teacher council (PTC) in their school. Most of the respondents were of the opinion that the children of PTC Chairman study at our school. Majority respondents were of the view that PTC member admitted their children in our school. Most of the respondents were of the opinion that the secretary call PTC meeting on proper time. The majority of respondents agreed that the Secretary should preserve a record of PTC meetings. PTC, according to all respondents, plays a role in enhancing students' attendance. PTC, according to half of the respondents, has a role in encouraging students to apply for admission. The majority of respondents believe that PTC plays a role in resolving problems for students and teachers. All of the respondents were of the opinion that PTC funds are utilized in a fair way due to Parent Teacher Council. All of the respondents were of the opinion that PTC is effective in evaluating construction process in schools.
{"title":"Perceptions of Primary School Teachers Regarding the Effectiveness of Parent Teacher Council at Public Sector","authors":"","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"The study was sought to explore the perceptions of primary school teachers regarding effectiveness of parent teacher council at public sector. The study's objectives were to analyse primary school teachers' impressions of the organisation structure of the parent teacher council (PTC), to investigate primary school teachers' perceptions of the functions of the PTC, and to determine the efficacy of the PTC (PTC). The population of the study consisted of all 6988 teachers working in 571 government primary schools in the district of Swabi. As a sample, 100 instructors were chosen at random from 25 government elementary schools in the district of Swabi.. A closed ended questionnaire was chosen for data collection. The questionnaire included a variety of questions based on dichotomous. The collection data was analyzed by using percentage as statistical tool. Findings of the study concluded that majority of the respondents replied that there is parent teacher council (PTC) in their school. Most of the respondents were of the opinion that the children of PTC Chairman study at our school. Majority respondents were of the view that PTC member admitted their children in our school. Most of the respondents were of the opinion that the secretary call PTC meeting on proper time. The majority of respondents agreed that the Secretary should preserve a record of PTC meetings. PTC, according to all respondents, plays a role in enhancing students' attendance. PTC, according to half of the respondents, has a role in encouraging students to apply for admission. The majority of respondents believe that PTC plays a role in resolving problems for students and teachers. All of the respondents were of the opinion that PTC funds are utilized in a fair way due to Parent Teacher Council. All of the respondents were of the opinion that PTC is effective in evaluating construction process in schools.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122604779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate the impact of the stock market trade openness and financial development on sustainable development in Kuwait. The study employed quarterly time series for analysis and from 1993-2018, and selected variables are Sustainable development, Stock market, financial development, and trade openness. Sustainable development is treated as a dependent variable, while the others are independent variables. It is concluded that a long run association among the stock market, financial development, trade and sustainable development exists. Autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model is applied for long run and short run estimates. In long run stock market, trade openness and financial development are positive and significant factors of sustainable development, while in the short run, stock market is significant negative contributor to sustainable development. It is therefore recommended that efforts should be made to encourage the investor so that the stock market should grow in future. Similarly, efforts should be made to boost the financial and trade sector should that the country could grow economically, socially and environmentally.
{"title":"Impact of Stock Market and Financial Development on Sustainable Development in Kuwait","authors":"Bassam Raweh, Cao Erbao, Abdullah Aloqab","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the impact of the stock market trade openness and financial development on sustainable development in Kuwait. The study employed quarterly time series for analysis and from 1993-2018, and selected variables are Sustainable development, Stock market, financial development, and trade openness. Sustainable development is treated as a dependent variable, while the others are independent variables. It is concluded that a long run association among the stock market, financial development, trade and sustainable development exists. Autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) model is applied for long run and short run estimates. In long run stock market, trade openness and financial development are positive and significant factors of sustainable development, while in the short run, stock market is significant negative contributor to sustainable development. It is therefore recommended that efforts should be made to encourage the investor so that the stock market should grow in future. Similarly, efforts should be made to boost the financial and trade sector should that the country could grow economically, socially and environmentally.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122274573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2008 Murree Accord, commonly Known as Murree Jirga, is the one of the major joint agreement between Sunni and Shia groups of District Kurram regarding the resolution of 2006-07 long lasting sectarian conflicts. This is a unique agreement because it involves fifteen council elders (Maliks) from both sides of the two warring groups which have never signed such agreement in the past. This study aim in exploring the mediator role of the Jirga under customary laws in bringing stability and peace for the common good of the locals of District Kurram while addressing the major question that how Murree Accord proved to be successful in the peace and stability of the District? Further, the study is also try to highlight the provisions of the agreement that were supposed to be implemented in its true sense until the mid of 2009 using qualitative approach by conducting ten in-depth interviews with Maliks, participated in the Accord. This paper is therefore analyzing the subject matter at hand while looking at the role of Murree Jirga in the context of sectarianism to fill the gap in the existing literature in order to have a broader overview of the interplay between Jirga and Sectarianism.
{"title":"Dispute Resolution through Customary Laws The Role of 2008 Murree Accord in Resolving Sectarianism in District Kurram","authors":"Arman Ullah Bangash","doi":"10.58329/criss.v1i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v1i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"2008 Murree Accord, commonly Known as Murree Jirga, is the one of the major joint agreement between Sunni and Shia groups of District Kurram regarding the resolution of 2006-07 long lasting sectarian conflicts. This is a unique agreement because it involves fifteen council elders (Maliks) from both sides of the two warring groups which have never signed such agreement in the past. This study aim in exploring the mediator role of the Jirga under customary laws in bringing stability and peace for the common good of the locals of District Kurram while addressing the major question that how Murree Accord proved to be successful in the peace and stability of the District? Further, the study is also try to highlight the provisions of the agreement that were supposed to be implemented in its true sense until the mid of 2009 using qualitative approach by conducting ten in-depth interviews with Maliks, participated in the Accord. This paper is therefore analyzing the subject matter at hand while looking at the role of Murree Jirga in the context of sectarianism to fill the gap in the existing literature in order to have a broader overview of the interplay between Jirga and Sectarianism.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115679876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the sanctions are a negative means to force individuals to modify their conduct, the prizes are a positive way to motivate them to do so. Even when we have certain desires, we do not always act on them because we are afraid of the negative outcomes that could result from our actions. People have been discussing the benefits and drawbacks of using rewards and punishments in educational settings ever since the beginning of time. There is a widespread belief among educators and other professionals that kids' minds and personalities benefit in good ways from receiving rewards. Students are motivated to put in additional effort when they are offered rewards for their efforts. Many individuals believe that the use of punishment has a negative impact on the pupils' personality and eliminates the behaviors that kids will naturally desire to engage in. Therefore, they are unable to access the educational opportunities that are open to them. Learning is a lifelong endeavor for most people. We continue to educate ourselves even after death. It is an essential characteristic of what it means to be a human being. Therefore, educational scholars, specialists, and teachers seek a definition of the words "education" and "learning" that is clear and easy to understand so that they can throw light on the complicated world of people. The beginning of education and learning can be traced all the way back to when humanity was first created. Many academics and education specialists have provided their definitions, each of which is dependent on the age. Education, on the other hand, is available to everyone since it is a sort of instruction that teaches people how to function effectively in a social setting.
{"title":"Perceptions of Teachers Regarding Influence of Reward and Punishment on Students Learning","authors":"Fazal Hayat, A. Anwar, Afzal Ahmad","doi":"10.58329/criss.v1i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v1i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"While the sanctions are a negative means to force individuals to modify their conduct, the prizes are a positive way to motivate them to do so. Even when we have certain desires, we do not always act on them because we are afraid of the negative outcomes that could result from our actions. People have been discussing the benefits and drawbacks of using rewards and punishments in educational settings ever since the beginning of time. There is a widespread belief among educators and other professionals that kids' minds and personalities benefit in good ways from receiving rewards. Students are motivated to put in additional effort when they are offered rewards for their efforts. Many individuals believe that the use of punishment has a negative impact on the pupils' personality and eliminates the behaviors that kids will naturally desire to engage in. Therefore, they are unable to access the educational opportunities that are open to them. Learning is a lifelong endeavor for most people. We continue to educate ourselves even after death. It is an essential characteristic of what it means to be a human being. Therefore, educational scholars, specialists, and teachers seek a definition of the words \"education\" and \"learning\" that is clear and easy to understand so that they can throw light on the complicated world of people. The beginning of education and learning can be traced all the way back to when humanity was first created. Many academics and education specialists have provided their definitions, each of which is dependent on the age. Education, on the other hand, is available to everyone since it is a sort of instruction that teaches people how to function effectively in a social setting.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122422976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing upon Experiential Learning theory, this study aims to explore the adoption of technology amongst women entrepreneurs in rural and urban areas of Peshawar, Pakistan. 30 semi-structured interviews have been conducted from rural (Achini Paya) and Urban (Peshawar city) areas of Peshawar through purposive sampling. To analyze the data, a qualitative Content Analysis has been used in a two-step manifest coding and latent coding. The data results reveal those different dynamics (such as technology knowledge gap, economic and social constraints of urban and rural settings) affects women entrepreneurs' adoption of technology. Women in urban areas use mobile technology for business, albeit, with restricted exposure, while rural women entrepreneurs are not exposed to technology due to many factors particularly patriarchal structures. The study reveals that there is a lack of technology adoption, and the learning drive is mostly absent in women entrepreneurs from relatively marginalized communities.
{"title":"Exploration of Technology Adoption in Urban & Rural Women Entrepreneurs of Peshawar","authors":"Huma Imdad","doi":"10.58329/criss.v1i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v1i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon Experiential Learning theory, this study aims to explore the adoption of technology amongst women entrepreneurs in rural and urban areas of Peshawar, Pakistan. 30 semi-structured interviews have been conducted from rural (Achini Paya) and Urban (Peshawar city) areas of Peshawar through purposive sampling. To analyze the data, a qualitative Content Analysis has been used in a two-step manifest coding and latent coding. The data results reveal those different dynamics (such as technology knowledge gap, economic and social constraints of urban and rural settings) affects women entrepreneurs' adoption of technology. Women in urban areas use mobile technology for business, albeit, with restricted exposure, while rural women entrepreneurs are not exposed to technology due to many factors particularly patriarchal structures. The study reveals that there is a lack of technology adoption, and the learning drive is mostly absent in women entrepreneurs from relatively marginalized communities.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123465026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Munir, S. K. N. Gamage, KD Nihal Hewage, I. Haq
Sri Lanka is an island and is becoming an attractive tourist destination in South Asia. It has famous beaches, mountainous regions, many colonise features, UNESCO world heritage sites, wild life, traditional festivals, and unparalleled climate generate extra topographies to attract more and more international tourists. However, Sri Lanka is badly affected by terrorism. Henceforth, this study examines the impact terrorism on inbound tourism along with other important factors, for instance, FDI and World GDP. Long run estimates are obtained through DOLS after confirmation of cointegration. World GDP and FDI have positive effect on tourism. Terrorism has negative impact on inbound tourism in Sri Lanka. The tourism in Sri Lanka remained stagnant between 1978 and 2009 because of terrorism. Since 2009, there is sharped increase in tourism arrivals as a result of remarkable decrease in terrorism activities. Results of VECM confirmed causality from terrorism to tourism. This finding revealed that terrorism is badly affecting tourism in Sri Lanka. Similarly, terrorism is affecting FDI inflows to Sri Lanka. Moreover, these results confirmed that tourism and FDI are engaged in complementary effect with each other. If Sri Lanka enabled itself well to maintain peace in country its effect will be multiple. Elimination of terrorism will improve tourism development which in turn will bring economic development as travel and tourism industry contributes 11.1 % to GDP, and 10 % to country employment. Similarly, better security situation will also help in attracting more FDI. Besides this, FDI and private investment has to be encouraged to build new hotel rooms to accommodate influx of tourists.
{"title":"Terrorism and Tourism Demand in Terror Affected Island","authors":"S. Munir, S. K. N. Gamage, KD Nihal Hewage, I. Haq","doi":"10.58329/criss.v1i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v1i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lanka is an island and is becoming an attractive tourist destination in South Asia. It has famous beaches, mountainous regions, many colonise features, UNESCO world heritage sites, wild life, traditional festivals, and unparalleled climate generate extra topographies to attract more and more international tourists. However, Sri Lanka is badly affected by terrorism. Henceforth, this study examines the impact terrorism on inbound tourism along with other important factors, for instance, FDI and World GDP. Long run estimates are obtained through DOLS after confirmation of cointegration. World GDP and FDI have positive effect on tourism. Terrorism has negative impact on inbound tourism in Sri Lanka. The tourism in Sri Lanka remained stagnant between 1978 and 2009 because of terrorism. Since 2009, there is sharped increase in tourism arrivals as a result of remarkable decrease in terrorism activities. Results of VECM confirmed causality from terrorism to tourism. This finding revealed that terrorism is badly affecting tourism in Sri Lanka. Similarly, terrorism is affecting FDI inflows to Sri Lanka. Moreover, these results confirmed that tourism and FDI are engaged in complementary effect with each other. If Sri Lanka enabled itself well to maintain peace in country its effect will be multiple. Elimination of terrorism will improve tourism development which in turn will bring economic development as travel and tourism industry contributes 11.1 % to GDP, and 10 % to country employment. Similarly, better security situation will also help in attracting more FDI. Besides this, FDI and private investment has to be encouraged to build new hotel rooms to accommodate influx of tourists.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117288399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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