Factors Affecting Educational Performance of Primary Schools: A Review of Head Teachers’ Perceptions was conducted to explore the factors that affect academic presentation of public primary school at area Swabi. All 571 Head Teachers serving in 571 Public Primary Schools for Boys at area Swabi constituted the population of the study. 20 Head Teachers from 20 Public Primary for boys at Swabi. Purposive sampling techniques was used for sample selection. Closed questionnaire was the research tool utilized to gather data. The data were organized in tables by the researcher in a methodical manner. After then, the data was analyzed and expressed in percentages. Outcomes of the study concluded mainstream of the respondents noticed that lack of physical facilities affect academic performance of my school. Most of the respondents revealed that non availability of one teacher for one class affect academic performance of the school. All of the respondents viewed that non-involvement of administrative official in supervising academic activities affect academic performance of the school. All of the participants believed that educators were kept busy with additional tasks outside of teaching, which had an impact on school academic achievement. Most of the respondents were in the view that the lack of comprehensive curriculum affects academic standing the institutions. The majority of subjects respond the lack of interest and attention of administration in solving teachers and students’ problems affect academic performance of schools. Most of participants respond that poverty of parents affects academic performance of schools.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Primary Schools A Review of Head Teachers’ Perceptions","authors":"Fazal Hayat","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"Factors Affecting Educational Performance of Primary Schools: A Review of Head Teachers’ Perceptions was conducted to explore the factors that affect academic presentation of public primary school at area Swabi. All 571 Head Teachers serving in 571 Public Primary Schools for Boys at area Swabi constituted the population of the study. 20 Head Teachers from 20 Public Primary for boys at Swabi. Purposive sampling techniques was used for sample selection. Closed questionnaire was the research tool utilized to gather data. The data were organized in tables by the researcher in a methodical manner. After then, the data was analyzed and expressed in percentages. Outcomes of the study concluded mainstream of the respondents noticed that lack of physical facilities affect academic performance of my school. Most of the respondents revealed that non availability of one teacher for one class affect academic performance of the school. All of the respondents viewed that non-involvement of administrative official in supervising academic activities affect academic performance of the school. All of the participants believed that educators were kept busy with additional tasks outside of teaching, which had an impact on school academic achievement. Most of the respondents were in the view that the lack of comprehensive curriculum affects academic standing the institutions. The majority of subjects respond the lack of interest and attention of administration in solving teachers and students’ problems affect academic performance of schools. Most of participants respond that poverty of parents affects academic performance of schools.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135668071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes the impact of adoption of technology on the entrepreneurs based on a qualitative analysis, by utilizing interviews conducted with respect to 12 entrepreneurs. The study showed that there are great many advantages of technology adoption as it helps in better marketing approach and in reaching maximum number of customers. Moreover, it offers entrepreneurs with opportunities to initiate their businesses with minimum resources, which makes it easy to overcome business risks and threats.
{"title":"Technology Adoption for Entrepreneurs","authors":"Huma Imdad","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the impact of adoption of technology on the entrepreneurs based on a qualitative analysis, by utilizing interviews conducted with respect to 12 entrepreneurs. The study showed that there are great many advantages of technology adoption as it helps in better marketing approach and in reaching maximum number of customers. Moreover, it offers entrepreneurs with opportunities to initiate their businesses with minimum resources, which makes it easy to overcome business risks and threats.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aimed to examine the effects of anxiety on emotional intelligence among working women and housewives. Moreover, this study was conducted in district Swabi before this study there were no studies conducted on these variables, it will also find out the relationship of these variables. Cross-sectional design was used to collect the data from working women and housewives of district Swabi. The sample (N=100) comprised 50(50.0%) working women and 50(50.0%) housewives of district Swabi, informed consent was taken and questionnaires were filled including Beck anxiety inventory and Schutte self-report emotional intelligence test. Working women scored high on emotional intelligence (t=2.41, p=01), and house wife scored high on the anxiety scale (t=2.02, p=.04), moreover this study showed that emotional intelligence has a significant strongly negative correlation with anxiety (r=.85, p<.05). The findings of the study showed that working women were more emotionally intelligent during fulfilling their responsibilities as compared to housewives. From this piece of work, it is concluded that housewives' intervention-based program should arrange to manage their life problems and responsibilities.
{"title":"Effect of Anxiety on Emotional Intelligence among Working Women and Housewives","authors":"Humaira Ali, Farah Farah","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to examine the effects of anxiety on emotional intelligence among working women and housewives. Moreover, this study was conducted in district Swabi before this study there were no studies conducted on these variables, it will also find out the relationship of these variables. Cross-sectional design was used to collect the data from working women and housewives of district Swabi. The sample (N=100) comprised 50(50.0%) working women and 50(50.0%) housewives of district Swabi, informed consent was taken and questionnaires were filled including Beck anxiety inventory and Schutte self-report emotional intelligence test. Working women scored high on emotional intelligence (t=2.41, p=01), and house wife scored high on the anxiety scale (t=2.02, p=.04), moreover this study showed that emotional intelligence has a significant strongly negative correlation with anxiety (r=.85, p<.05). The findings of the study showed that working women were more emotionally intelligent during fulfilling their responsibilities as compared to housewives. From this piece of work, it is concluded that housewives' intervention-based program should arrange to manage their life problems and responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper aims to investigate the influence of self-efficacy (SE) on collective self-esteem (CSE) among university students at the University of Swabi. The study also explores gender-based distinctions, family systems, and areas of residence as well as socio-economic status among the study variables. The main hypotheses of the study propose that SE positively affects collective self-esteem among students, female graduates will exhibit higher SE compared to male students, male students at the University of Swabi will have higher CSE compared to female students, SE will be higher in upper-class students compared to middle and lower-class students, and lower-class students will have higher collective self-esteem than middle and upper-class students. A survey research design was employed to collect data from a random sample of 200 students from the faculty of social sciences at the University of Swabi, including an equal number of men and women participants. Data were collected using established scales, including the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale and the Collective Self-Esteem (CSE) Scale. The data were analyzed using statistical tools in SPSS, including normality checks, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, independent sample t-tests for gender differences, and an ANOVA for socioeconomic status differences. The results may have implications for educational institutions in supporting students' self-efficacy and fostering a positive collective self-esteem environment.
{"title":"Unraveling the Threads of Confidence Exploring the Impact of Self-Efficacy on Collective Self-Esteem among University Students","authors":"Sidra Tul Muntaha, Javeria Nawas, Sundas Khalil","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i2.25","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper aims to investigate the influence of self-efficacy (SE) on collective self-esteem (CSE) among university students at the University of Swabi. The study also explores gender-based distinctions, family systems, and areas of residence as well as socio-economic status among the study variables. The main hypotheses of the study propose that SE positively affects collective self-esteem among students, female graduates will exhibit higher SE compared to male students, male students at the University of Swabi will have higher CSE compared to female students, SE will be higher in upper-class students compared to middle and lower-class students, and lower-class students will have higher collective self-esteem than middle and upper-class students. A survey research design was employed to collect data from a random sample of 200 students from the faculty of social sciences at the University of Swabi, including an equal number of men and women participants. Data were collected using established scales, including the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale and the Collective Self-Esteem (CSE) Scale. The data were analyzed using statistical tools in SPSS, including normality checks, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, independent sample t-tests for gender differences, and an ANOVA for socioeconomic status differences. The results may have implications for educational institutions in supporting students' self-efficacy and fostering a positive collective self-esteem environment.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135668070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study deals with the effects of usage of social media on family relationships among youth of Swabi. For this purpose a quantitative and cross sectional study design was adopted. To obtained information from 201 youth. Data was analysed through percentages and frequency distributions. It was concluded from the study findings that Social media has affected the life of each and every individual specifically the youth are so addicted that they are found to be less involve in physical activities and other productive work. This findings showed that majority of 35% the respondents shared that they look for internet connectivity even at family gatherings, 39% agreed that when they wake up in the morning they started using social media, 25% agreed that they prefer to use social media even there are siblings around them, 415% agreed that they preferred to communicate with people via social media. moreover, it was found that majority of the respondents shared that they even noticed that they have miss meal time due to using social media. while, it was also illustrated that media effects social relationships among family members as it was found that only 6% shared that they always feel that they have a strong relationship with their family after increased use of media devices, 45 feel that there is a gap between them and their family members due to excessive use of social media and , 37stated that technological advancements like smartphones, tablets etc. decrease physical time spending with family. Promotion of sports & cultural events in educational institutions as well as in the communities, Proper check and balance by parents and other family members on the youngsters and Arrangements of seminars and awareness campaigns to educate youth about the adverse impacts of excessive use of social are the major study recommendations.
{"title":"Effects of Usage of Social Media on Family Relationships among Youth A Case Study of District Swabi","authors":"Saad Aftab, Afzal Ahmad","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i2.22","url":null,"abstract":"The study deals with the effects of usage of social media on family relationships among youth of Swabi. For this purpose a quantitative and cross sectional study design was adopted. To obtained information from 201 youth. Data was analysed through percentages and frequency distributions. It was concluded from the study findings that Social media has affected the life of each and every individual specifically the youth are so addicted that they are found to be less involve in physical activities and other productive work. This findings showed that majority of 35% the respondents shared that they look for internet connectivity even at family gatherings, 39% agreed that when they wake up in the morning they started using social media, 25% agreed that they prefer to use social media even there are siblings around them, 415% agreed that they preferred to communicate with people via social media. moreover, it was found that majority of the respondents shared that they even noticed that they have miss meal time due to using social media. while, it was also illustrated that media effects social relationships among family members as it was found that only 6% shared that they always feel that they have a strong relationship with their family after increased use of media devices, 45 feel that there is a gap between them and their family members due to excessive use of social media and , 37stated that technological advancements like smartphones, tablets etc. decrease physical time spending with family. Promotion of sports & cultural events in educational institutions as well as in the communities, Proper check and balance by parents and other family members on the youngsters and Arrangements of seminars and awareness campaigns to educate youth about the adverse impacts of excessive use of social are the major study recommendations.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"473 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajjad Ali, Asad Ullah, Rais Gul, Badshah Muhammad
This research paper focuses on investigating the relationship between the overall crime environment and juvenile engagement in militant activities. The study involved interviews with all 83 juveniles who had been released from the Mishal Institute for the Rehabilitation of Juvenile Militants, employing a three-level Likert scale for data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test to assess the correlation between various factors under consideration. The findings revealed a significant association between juvenile militancy and several key variables, including residing in rural areas, local community members' involvement in criminal activities, family members' participation in criminal acts, challenges in adapting to the community environment, recurrent government force raids, detentions of community members by security forces, encouragement of criminal behavior by locals, severe penalties imposed on community members, training of children to break the law, and the influence of friends involved in criminal activities. Based on these insights, the study recommends several strategies to address and mitigate violent crimes among juveniles. These strategies encompass raising awareness in communities, revitalizing the family institution to ensure proper child upbringing, resolving disputes effectively, and implementing socio-economic interventions to address economic disparities. These measures collectively contribute to the prevention and control of juvenile engagement in militant activities, fostering a safer and more harmonious society.
{"title":"Environment of Crimes at Community Level A Facilitator to Juvenile Militancy in District Swat","authors":"Sajjad Ali, Asad Ullah, Rais Gul, Badshah Muhammad","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i3.37","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper focuses on investigating the relationship between the overall crime environment and juvenile engagement in militant activities. The study involved interviews with all 83 juveniles who had been released from the Mishal Institute for the Rehabilitation of Juvenile Militants, employing a three-level Likert scale for data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test to assess the correlation between various factors under consideration. The findings revealed a significant association between juvenile militancy and several key variables, including residing in rural areas, local community members' involvement in criminal activities, family members' participation in criminal acts, challenges in adapting to the community environment, recurrent government force raids, detentions of community members by security forces, encouragement of criminal behavior by locals, severe penalties imposed on community members, training of children to break the law, and the influence of friends involved in criminal activities. Based on these insights, the study recommends several strategies to address and mitigate violent crimes among juveniles. These strategies encompass raising awareness in communities, revitalizing the family institution to ensure proper child upbringing, resolving disputes effectively, and implementing socio-economic interventions to address economic disparities. These measures collectively contribute to the prevention and control of juvenile engagement in militant activities, fostering a safer and more harmonious society.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Luqman, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Rimsha Shabir
Financial globalization has a role in transmitting information within financial markets and helps in financial development. Additionally, financial globalization facilitates risk diversification alleviates the negative consequences of economic recessions, enabling nations to engage in international borrowing and lending activities, thus stabilizing income, consumption, investment and savings levels. This research study analyzes the causal nexus between financial development, financial Globalization and national savings in Pakistan. Co-integration test indicates co-integration vector henceforth, there is relationship between variables in the long run. The causal relation is determined through vector error correction mechanism and it is found that there is long run bidirectional causality between financial development, financial globalization and national savings in Pakistan. This study recommends that monetary authorities in Pakistan to encourage financial inclusion as the ratio of account holders in financial sector is very low. This will encourage documented economy and savings will be channelized to productive sectors. Likewise, financial development up gradation with par with international standards will not only encourage domestic savings but also help in financial globalization.
{"title":"The Causal Relationship between Financial Development, Financial Globalization and National Savings in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Luqman, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Rimsha Shabir","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i3.29","url":null,"abstract":"Financial globalization has a role in transmitting information within financial markets and helps in financial development. Additionally, financial globalization facilitates risk diversification alleviates the negative consequences of economic recessions, enabling nations to engage in international borrowing and lending activities, thus stabilizing income, consumption, investment and savings levels. This research study analyzes the causal nexus between financial development, financial Globalization and national savings in Pakistan. Co-integration test indicates co-integration vector henceforth, there is relationship between variables in the long run. The causal relation is determined through vector error correction mechanism and it is found that there is long run bidirectional causality between financial development, financial globalization and national savings in Pakistan. This study recommends that monetary authorities in Pakistan to encourage financial inclusion as the ratio of account holders in financial sector is very low. This will encourage documented economy and savings will be channelized to productive sectors. Likewise, financial development up gradation with par with international standards will not only encourage domestic savings but also help in financial globalization.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habib ur Rahman, Muhammad Jawad, Saima Sarir, Naushad Khan
The present study was conducted in Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with the intention of learning more about the function of Jirga in fostering social integration through the means of dispute resolution within the farming community with special focus on water distribution practices. The study found that a highly significant association was ascertained between role of Jirga in social integration and water distribution practice statements i.e., water distribution at clan level disrupted water cycle, Jirga allocate water rights among farming and non-farming community, hydrological changes and water lagging resultantly evoked for practicing Jirga, disputes over irrigation water among farming community could be addressed through Jirga, Jirga play role in rehabilitation of irrigation related infrastructure, Jirga maintain the unwritten roles of water distribution among the farming community, water is not stored for future disasters (water stress) for irrigation purposes among farming community, and there are unwritten water distribution rules developed by local community regarding water distribution for irrigation purposes. Thus, a holistic and institutionalized approach is the order of the day by disseminating the role of Jirga among social services providers, farming communities and conflict mediators through print, electronic and social media. Moreover, some micro and macro level policy recommendations were also highlighted based on the present study.
{"title":"Role of Jirga in Social Integration of Rural Farmers with Reference to Disputes Settlement in Water Distribution Practices","authors":"Habib ur Rahman, Muhammad Jawad, Saima Sarir, Naushad Khan","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i3.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i3.50","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with the intention of learning more about the function of Jirga in fostering social integration through the means of dispute resolution within the farming community with special focus on water distribution practices. The study found that a highly significant association was ascertained between role of Jirga in social integration and water distribution practice statements i.e., water distribution at clan level disrupted water cycle, Jirga allocate water rights among farming and non-farming community, hydrological changes and water lagging resultantly evoked for practicing Jirga, disputes over irrigation water among farming community could be addressed through Jirga, Jirga play role in rehabilitation of irrigation related infrastructure, Jirga maintain the unwritten roles of water distribution among the farming community, water is not stored for future disasters (water stress) for irrigation purposes among farming community, and there are unwritten water distribution rules developed by local community regarding water distribution for irrigation purposes. Thus, a holistic and institutionalized approach is the order of the day by disseminating the role of Jirga among social services providers, farming communities and conflict mediators through print, electronic and social media. Moreover, some micro and macro level policy recommendations were also highlighted based on the present study.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135082889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between teachers' reflective practices in the classroom and students' tolerance. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using a mixed-method research approach. Quantitative data was gathered through the use of an interpersonal tolerance scale, while qualitative data was obtained through ten focus group discussions with a total of 71 respondents. The study examined the extent of reflective teaching practices among the teachers and their impact on students' level of tolerance. To analyze the quantitative data, the researchers employed the Pearson Chi-square test. This statistical test is commonly used to determine the association between two categorical variables. The qualitative data analysis involved identifying various themes based on the discussions, such as linking theory with practices, mental preparation/readiness, making dead knowledge alive, discourse analysis, and content analysis. The findings of the study suggest that a significant number of teachers do not effectively link theoretical concepts with practical implications in their teaching practices. Additionally, many teachers are not adequately prepared or ready to handle new situations in the classroom. Furthermore, the study found that some teachers teach using outdated materials, presenting old knowledge with a new presentation style or "rapper”.
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Teachers' Reflective Practices on Tolerance at the University of Peshawar","authors":"Bilal Shaukat, Jamil Ahmad, Rabia Fayyaz","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i3.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i3.49","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the relationship between teachers' reflective practices in the classroom and students' tolerance. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using a mixed-method research approach. Quantitative data was gathered through the use of an interpersonal tolerance scale, while qualitative data was obtained through ten focus group discussions with a total of 71 respondents. The study examined the extent of reflective teaching practices among the teachers and their impact on students' level of tolerance. To analyze the quantitative data, the researchers employed the Pearson Chi-square test. This statistical test is commonly used to determine the association between two categorical variables. The qualitative data analysis involved identifying various themes based on the discussions, such as linking theory with practices, mental preparation/readiness, making dead knowledge alive, discourse analysis, and content analysis. The findings of the study suggest that a significant number of teachers do not effectively link theoretical concepts with practical implications in their teaching practices. Additionally, many teachers are not adequately prepared or ready to handle new situations in the classroom. Furthermore, the study found that some teachers teach using outdated materials, presenting old knowledge with a new presentation style or \"rapper”.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135082891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review paper is based on a social movement in a protracted conflict zone of the Pashtun lands in Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan. The paper contextualises the available literature on “protests” and “social movements” as a manifestation of disenfranchisement of an ethnic minority geographically located in a global conflict hotspot, particularly post 9/11. Unlike violent protests in other parts of the world, this movement is a unique example of ‘Collective Behaviour’ in contemporary politics that is rational, composed, and has all the hallmarks of a classic non-violent movement. The usual collective behaviour is considered ‘mad’ and ‘blind’ but Pashtun Tahfuz Movement (PTM) provides a template for how young people may channelise a non-violent narrative to serve their cause. The result of this on-going movement testifies to the fact that there still is room for ‘non-violence’ in a world engulfed in violence across the continents of Asia, Europe, Middle East and Latin America.
{"title":"The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement as a Template for Non-Violent Collective behaviour","authors":"Javed Iqbal","doi":"10.58329/criss.v2i3.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i3.52","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper is based on a social movement in a protracted conflict zone of the Pashtun lands in Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan. The paper contextualises the available literature on “protests” and “social movements” as a manifestation of disenfranchisement of an ethnic minority geographically located in a global conflict hotspot, particularly post 9/11. Unlike violent protests in other parts of the world, this movement is a unique example of ‘Collective Behaviour’ in contemporary politics that is rational, composed, and has all the hallmarks of a classic non-violent movement. The usual collective behaviour is considered ‘mad’ and ‘blind’ but Pashtun Tahfuz Movement (PTM) provides a template for how young people may channelise a non-violent narrative to serve their cause. The result of this on-going movement testifies to the fact that there still is room for ‘non-violence’ in a world engulfed in violence across the continents of Asia, Europe, Middle East and Latin America.","PeriodicalId":345444,"journal":{"name":"CARC Research in Social Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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