Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581247
Ling Su, D. Ma
Driven by the proliferation of implantable and self-powered electronic devices, low-voltage, low-power, high-efficiency DC-DC power converters are on high demands. This paper first reviews the state-of-the-arts charge pumps, with focus on power loss minimization, power stage architectures and control signaling. A new four-phase complimentary charge pump is then proposed. By employing the techniques of minimizing the reversion loss and conduction loss and interleaving the power stage sub-cells, the design achieves high efficiency and low ripple voltages without compromising fabrication cost. A sub-threshold clock generator is employed to further reduce the power loss in the controller. The charge pump was designed with IBM 180 nm CMOS process with fully on-chip pumping capacitors. HSPICE simulations show that the charge pump maintains the efficiency above 90% within up to 5 mW power range, with the maximum efficiency of 92.01%. The ripple voltage is also much improved in comparison with its counterparts.
{"title":"Design and optimization of integrated low-voltage low-power monolithic CMOS charge pumps","authors":"Ling Su, D. Ma","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581247","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the proliferation of implantable and self-powered electronic devices, low-voltage, low-power, high-efficiency DC-DC power converters are on high demands. This paper first reviews the state-of-the-arts charge pumps, with focus on power loss minimization, power stage architectures and control signaling. A new four-phase complimentary charge pump is then proposed. By employing the techniques of minimizing the reversion loss and conduction loss and interleaving the power stage sub-cells, the design achieves high efficiency and low ripple voltages without compromising fabrication cost. A sub-threshold clock generator is employed to further reduce the power loss in the controller. The charge pump was designed with IBM 180 nm CMOS process with fully on-chip pumping capacitors. HSPICE simulations show that the charge pump maintains the efficiency above 90% within up to 5 mW power range, with the maximum efficiency of 92.01%. The ripple voltage is also much improved in comparison with its counterparts.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127647714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581105
A. Kheldoun, B. Chetate
In vector controlled induction motor drives, the instantaneous rotor speed is measured using whether sensors or estimators. Since the basic Kalman filter is a state observer, its use in vector controlled schemes has received much attention. However, these schemes are based on the assumption that the existence of iron loss in an induction motor may be neglected. The paper shows the effect of iron loss on the extended Kalman filter performance that is designed on the basis if the ironless induction machine model. Simulation results are carried out to demonstrate this effect as well as the effectiveness of the suggested approach to minimise the speed estimation error without modifying the observer algorithm.
{"title":"Compensation for the iron loss effect in EKF-based speed estimation of vector controlled induction motors","authors":"A. Kheldoun, B. Chetate","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581105","url":null,"abstract":"In vector controlled induction motor drives, the instantaneous rotor speed is measured using whether sensors or estimators. Since the basic Kalman filter is a state observer, its use in vector controlled schemes has received much attention. However, these schemes are based on the assumption that the existence of iron loss in an induction motor may be neglected. The paper shows the effect of iron loss on the extended Kalman filter performance that is designed on the basis if the ironless induction machine model. Simulation results are carried out to demonstrate this effect as well as the effectiveness of the suggested approach to minimise the speed estimation error without modifying the observer algorithm.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121566802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581228
F. Kurokawa, S. Sukita
We have already reported the novel digital control method ldquostatic model referencerdquo which is the improved smart digital reference of output voltage. However, prior attempts to improve the transient response have been inconclusive because this model depends on the steady-state analysis. This paper presents a new model control method of the switching dc-dc converter using both the static and dynamic functions to improve the dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, the relationship between the parameters of control circuit and the dynamic characteristics is discussed. As a result, it is seen that the DC-DC converter with a new model control has a superior transient response compared with that of the conventional control. Especially, the overshoot of the reactor current is suppressed to within 34% and this result is approximately 30% smaller than that of the conventional ldquostatic model referencerdquo control.
{"title":"Improvement of dynamic characteristics of digitally controlled DC-DC converter","authors":"F. Kurokawa, S. Sukita","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581228","url":null,"abstract":"We have already reported the novel digital control method ldquostatic model referencerdquo which is the improved smart digital reference of output voltage. However, prior attempts to improve the transient response have been inconclusive because this model depends on the steady-state analysis. This paper presents a new model control method of the switching dc-dc converter using both the static and dynamic functions to improve the dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, the relationship between the parameters of control circuit and the dynamic characteristics is discussed. As a result, it is seen that the DC-DC converter with a new model control has a superior transient response compared with that of the conventional control. Especially, the overshoot of the reactor current is suppressed to within 34% and this result is approximately 30% smaller than that of the conventional ldquostatic model referencerdquo control.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130513594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581179
K. Reichert
This article discusses about the use of finite-element methods for the calculation of electromagnetic fields in electrical machines and for the determination of machines parameters and characteristics. The solutions offered can be classified as follows: steady state simulation, frequency domain simulation, time domain modeling and simulation, coupled electro-magnetic and thermal problems.
{"title":"Steady-state finite-element methods to permanent magnet motor characteristics determination","authors":"K. Reichert","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581179","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses about the use of finite-element methods for the calculation of electromagnetic fields in electrical machines and for the determination of machines parameters and characteristics. The solutions offered can be classified as follows: steady state simulation, frequency domain simulation, time domain modeling and simulation, coupled electro-magnetic and thermal problems.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130614787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581180
C. Bruzzese, A. Giordani, E. Santini
In this paper a study about the different effects of static and dynamic rotor eccentricities on the external electric variables of a salient-pole synchronous generator is presented. Air-gap irregularities and related monitoring techniques have been studied in the past mainly about large hydro-generators (with practical applications), but similar problems have been recognized for on-board ship synchronous generators. These latter require a different approach, i.e. non-invasive monitoring. Static and dynamic rotor eccentricities were simulated in this work, for a ship-application sized generator, by using a dynamic model including inductances computed by parametric 3D FEM analysis of the faulty machine. Current, voltage, and no-load e.m.f. steady-state waveforms were analyzed by FFT and space-vector approach. No-load e.m.f. space vector is a sensitive fault indicator since its amplitude largely increases with the level of absolute eccentricity; furthermore, it is possible to discriminate the static eccentricity from the dynamic eccentricity utilizing the space vector loci ovality.
{"title":"Static and dynamic rotor eccentricity on-line detection and discrimination in synchronous generators By No-Load E.M.F. space vector loci analysis","authors":"C. Bruzzese, A. Giordani, E. Santini","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581180","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a study about the different effects of static and dynamic rotor eccentricities on the external electric variables of a salient-pole synchronous generator is presented. Air-gap irregularities and related monitoring techniques have been studied in the past mainly about large hydro-generators (with practical applications), but similar problems have been recognized for on-board ship synchronous generators. These latter require a different approach, i.e. non-invasive monitoring. Static and dynamic rotor eccentricities were simulated in this work, for a ship-application sized generator, by using a dynamic model including inductances computed by parametric 3D FEM analysis of the faulty machine. Current, voltage, and no-load e.m.f. steady-state waveforms were analyzed by FFT and space-vector approach. No-load e.m.f. space vector is a sensitive fault indicator since its amplitude largely increases with the level of absolute eccentricity; furthermore, it is possible to discriminate the static eccentricity from the dynamic eccentricity utilizing the space vector loci ovality.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"53 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116579834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581292
R. Robinett, D. Wilson
This paper1 applies a novel nonlinear power flow control design to power engineering. The methodology [1], [2], [3] uniquely combines: concepts from thermodynamic exergy and entropy; Hamiltonian systems; Lyapunovpsilas direct method; Lyapunov optimal analysis; electric AC power concepts; and power flow analysis. Power engineering terminology is derived from the classical linear mass-spring-damper and an RLC electrical network. The methodology is then used to design both a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and PID with adaptive control architectures for both linear and nonlinear RLC dynamic network systems. The main contribution of this paper is to present a new nonlinear power flow control design as it applies to power engineering and how it is enhanced through adaptive control.
{"title":"Nonlinear power flow control applied to power engineering","authors":"R. Robinett, D. Wilson","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581292","url":null,"abstract":"This paper1 applies a novel nonlinear power flow control design to power engineering. The methodology [1], [2], [3] uniquely combines: concepts from thermodynamic exergy and entropy; Hamiltonian systems; Lyapunovpsilas direct method; Lyapunov optimal analysis; electric AC power concepts; and power flow analysis. Power engineering terminology is derived from the classical linear mass-spring-damper and an RLC electrical network. The methodology is then used to design both a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and PID with adaptive control architectures for both linear and nonlinear RLC dynamic network systems. The main contribution of this paper is to present a new nonlinear power flow control design as it applies to power engineering and how it is enhanced through adaptive control.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117010692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581079
C. Nica, M. Enache
The equivalent scheme of low power permanent magnet synchronous motors is established in this paper. There is emphasized the influence of the command quantities, of the excitation degree, of the electrical parameters value and of the load magnitude on the operation characteristics of low power synchronous motors. Thus, several families of curves are plotted for emphasizing these influences.
{"title":"About operation characteristics of low power synchronous motors at frequency command","authors":"C. Nica, M. Enache","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581079","url":null,"abstract":"The equivalent scheme of low power permanent magnet synchronous motors is established in this paper. There is emphasized the influence of the command quantities, of the excitation degree, of the electrical parameters value and of the load magnitude on the operation characteristics of low power synchronous motors. Thus, several families of curves are plotted for emphasizing these influences.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128312750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581238
D. Vinnikov, M. Lehtla
This paper discusses the half- and full-bridge DC/DC converter topologies for high-power (200 kW) high-voltage (3.6 kV) applications. Focus is on the primary part of these topologies, i.e. the feasibility of two high-voltage IGBTs replacement in the full-bridge by two high-voltage film capacitors in the half-bridge.
{"title":"Feasibility study of 200 kW half-bridge and full-bridge DC/DC converters with 6.5 kV IGBTs","authors":"D. Vinnikov, M. Lehtla","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581238","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the half- and full-bridge DC/DC converter topologies for high-power (200 kW) high-voltage (3.6 kV) applications. Focus is on the primary part of these topologies, i.e. the feasibility of two high-voltage IGBTs replacement in the full-bridge by two high-voltage film capacitors in the half-bridge.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128602557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581256
T. Komrska, Z. Peroutka
This contribution deals with a new configuration of main traction converter for locomotives containing a medium-frequency transformer. The main emphasis is given on the proposed control of the converters around the medium-frequency transformer which transmits power using 400-Hz square-wave voltage. This paper describes designed control algorithms and presents theoretical conclusions, which are verified by experiments performed on designed laboratory prototype of rated power of 12 kW.
{"title":"Main traction converter with medium-frequency transformer: Control of converters around MF transformer","authors":"T. Komrska, Z. Peroutka","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581256","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution deals with a new configuration of main traction converter for locomotives containing a medium-frequency transformer. The main emphasis is given on the proposed control of the converters around the medium-frequency transformer which transmits power using 400-Hz square-wave voltage. This paper describes designed control algorithms and presents theoretical conclusions, which are verified by experiments performed on designed laboratory prototype of rated power of 12 kW.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131854131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-11DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581234
J. Szczepanik
A matrix NxM multi phase converter is a very simple structure incorporating NxM bi-directional switches, able to convert input voltages into output voltages of any shape and frequency. However, commutation problems and complicated control algorithms keep it from being utilized on a large scale. This paper shows a new field of application of the matrix converter, witch is working as a connection device between high speed, multiphase generator and power grid or as an interconnection device within power system. The task performed by this connection is a control of power flow and power flow oscillations dumping. The device can be viewed as a new FACTS device, based on straight forward energy conversion.
{"title":"Multiphase matrix converter for power systems application","authors":"J. Szczepanik","doi":"10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581234","url":null,"abstract":"A matrix NxM multi phase converter is a very simple structure incorporating NxM bi-directional switches, able to convert input voltages into output voltages of any shape and frequency. However, commutation problems and complicated control algorithms keep it from being utilized on a large scale. This paper shows a new field of application of the matrix converter, witch is working as a connection device between high speed, multiphase generator and power grid or as an interconnection device within power system. The task performed by this connection is a control of power flow and power flow oscillations dumping. The device can be viewed as a new FACTS device, based on straight forward energy conversion.","PeriodicalId":345557,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132239472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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