Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0014
A. Kluge
This chapter studies Alexander Kluge's reflections on the organizational politics that gave rise to New German Cinema as seen through the uncertainty of cinema's future in the new millennium. It has been nearly fifty years since a group of young filmmakers, who up until that point had distinguished themselves only with shorts, spoke up at the Short Film Festival in Oberhausen. In their now-famous Oberhausen Manifesto they demanded a renewal of the intellectual attitude in filmmaking in a direction toward authenticity and away from commerce; an intellectual center for German film, meaning film education; and opportunities for young filmmakers to make their first films. The Kuratorium junger deutscher Film (Board for Young German Film) emerged out of the final demand with an endowment of five million marks. North Rhine-Westphalia's funding agency for short film, which formed the foundation of the Oberhausen group, added up to 800,000 marks distributed over six years. A shift in German film occurred right from the start. At that point, the history of film was seventy years old. What later grew out of the Oberhausen movement up until Rainer Werner Fassbinder's death filled a quarter of this history. This included lots of mistakes, a lot of claims to fame, variety, enthusiasm, and many works that have enriched the history of film.
本章通过新千年电影未来的不确定性，研究亚历山大·克鲁格对产生新德国电影的组织政治的反思。近50年前，一群年轻的电影人在奥伯豪森短片电影节(Short Film Festival)上发表了自己的看法。在此之前，他们只以短片著称。在他们现在著名的《奥伯豪森宣言》中，他们要求在电影制作中更新知识分子的态度，朝着真实和远离商业的方向发展;德国电影的知识中心，意思是电影教育;也为年轻电影人提供了拍摄处女作的机会。德国青年电影委员会(Kuratorium junger deutscher Film)在最后的需求中脱颖而出，获得了500万马克的捐赠。北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚州的短片资助机构构成了奥伯豪森集团的基础，在六年的时间里，总计发放了80万马克。德国电影从一开始就发生了转变。那时，电影的历史已经有70年了。后来奥伯豪森运动的发展，直到雷纳·沃纳·法斯宾德去世，占据了这段历史的四分之一。这包括了很多错误，很多对成名的要求，多样性，热情，以及许多丰富了电影史的作品。
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Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0021
A. Kluge
This chapter focuses on fantasy and reaches back to Alexander Kluge's days as an honorary professor lecturing on film and television at Goethe University Frankfurt in 1973. Kluge explains that fantasy is a divided product in the society. He then looks at what Karl Marx has to say about the original concept of labor. Marx mentions it twice, for example, when he explains that a craftsman, when making something like a chair, first forms an image of the chair in his mind and makes a plan before then setting to work with his hands to make this plan a reality. This is an example of the unified path of labor between the activity of the mind and the activity of the hands. Kluge also discusses the imaginative capacity. Sigmund Freud described this imaginative capacity not only in terms of psychoanalytic theory or out of a specific therapeutic interest. Rather, Freud described it and pursued it on account of a general theoretical interest. Freud said that the law of this imaginative capacity exists in people. It is the law of the human mind. Freud said not only that it is influenced by libidinal control and the negotiation of reality, but also that the brain triggers the perception of actual circumstance and then remembers something from the past, a conflict, a desired situation, or a wish. From there, a projection of a concrete action is cast onto the future.
{"title":"The Role of Fantasy","authors":"A. Kluge","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on fantasy and reaches back to Alexander Kluge's days as an honorary professor lecturing on film and television at Goethe University Frankfurt in 1973. Kluge explains that fantasy is a divided product in the society. He then looks at what Karl Marx has to say about the original concept of labor. Marx mentions it twice, for example, when he explains that a craftsman, when making something like a chair, first forms an image of the chair in his mind and makes a plan before then setting to work with his hands to make this plan a reality. This is an example of the unified path of labor between the activity of the mind and the activity of the hands. Kluge also discusses the imaginative capacity. Sigmund Freud described this imaginative capacity not only in terms of psychoanalytic theory or out of a specific therapeutic interest. Rather, Freud described it and pursued it on account of a general theoretical interest. Freud said that the law of this imaginative capacity exists in people. It is the law of the human mind. Freud said not only that it is influenced by libidinal control and the negotiation of reality, but also that the brain triggers the perception of actual circumstance and then remembers something from the past, a conflict, a desired situation, or a wish. From there, a projection of a concrete action is cast onto the future.","PeriodicalId":345609,"journal":{"name":"Difference and Orientation","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116886438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501739224-002
{"title":"List of Illustrations","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501739224-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739224-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345609,"journal":{"name":"Difference and Orientation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125901538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/CORNELL/9781501739200.003.0001
Richard Langston
This introductory chapter provides a background of the essayist Alexander Kluge. Born in 1932 in the central German city of Halberstadt, the German polymath Alexander Kluge is certainly known both at home and abroad for wearing many hats. Above all, his career as one of New German Cinema's most cerebral filmmakers still commands international acclaim. First and foremost a writer of stories, Kluge returned to writing in earnest in 2000 and has generated since then an astonishing complex corpus of storybooks that has grown more than twice the size of what he published during his first robust literary phase. A filmmaker, author, and television producer, Kluge is, however, more than just the sum of this triumvirate. He is also recognized as a trained musician and lawyer, an accomplished theorist with roots in the Frankfurt School, a savvy media activist and entrepreneur, and a celebrated public intellectual of the highest stature. Kluge is also arguably one of Germany's great essayists of the late twentieth- and twenty-first centuries. Collected in the present volume are twenty-eight examples of Kluge's essayistic thinking that attest to his long-standing commitment to “intellectual freedom.” The chapter then looks at the concepts of difference and orientation, which are recurrent themes throughout all of Kluge's thought.
{"title":"The Guardian of Difference","authors":"Richard Langston","doi":"10.7591/CORNELL/9781501739200.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/CORNELL/9781501739200.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter provides a background of the essayist Alexander Kluge. Born in 1932 in the central German city of Halberstadt, the German polymath Alexander Kluge is certainly known both at home and abroad for wearing many hats. Above all, his career as one of New German Cinema's most cerebral filmmakers still commands international acclaim. First and foremost a writer of stories, Kluge returned to writing in earnest in 2000 and has generated since then an astonishing complex corpus of storybooks that has grown more than twice the size of what he published during his first robust literary phase. A filmmaker, author, and television producer, Kluge is, however, more than just the sum of this triumvirate. He is also recognized as a trained musician and lawyer, an accomplished theorist with roots in the Frankfurt School, a savvy media activist and entrepreneur, and a celebrated public intellectual of the highest stature. Kluge is also arguably one of Germany's great essayists of the late twentieth- and twenty-first centuries. Collected in the present volume are twenty-eight examples of Kluge's essayistic thinking that attest to his long-standing commitment to “intellectual freedom.” The chapter then looks at the concepts of difference and orientation, which are recurrent themes throughout all of Kluge's thought.","PeriodicalId":345609,"journal":{"name":"Difference and Orientation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123825098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501739224-fm
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501739224-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739224-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345609,"journal":{"name":"Difference and Orientation","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123148986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0022
A. Kluge
This chapter explores the dialogue between Gertrud Koch and Alexander Kluge wherein they talked about Theodor W. Adorno's and Walter Benjamin's influence on Kluge's work. What really attracts Kluge to Benjamin is that he possesses several personalities of thought and several forms of production all at once. Meanwhile, Adorno is immune to the idea that people actually possess linguistic mastery. Adorno relied heavily on Romanticization with respect to his dreams, but rejected Romanticization out of principle just as he did the tyranny of melody in music. What Kluge finds wonderful about Adorno is how he is able to disregard the fact that he thinks in the first-person singular. Kluge then describes how he met Adorno at the inaugural lecture by Prof. Dr. Harald Patzer.
{"title":"The Function of the Distorted Angle in the Destructive Intention","authors":"A. Kluge","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the dialogue between Gertrud Koch and Alexander Kluge wherein they talked about Theodor W. Adorno's and Walter Benjamin's influence on Kluge's work. What really attracts Kluge to Benjamin is that he possesses several personalities of thought and several forms of production all at once. Meanwhile, Adorno is immune to the idea that people actually possess linguistic mastery. Adorno relied heavily on Romanticization with respect to his dreams, but rejected Romanticization out of principle just as he did the tyranny of melody in music. What Kluge finds wonderful about Adorno is how he is able to disregard the fact that he thinks in the first-person singular. Kluge then describes how he met Adorno at the inaugural lecture by Prof. Dr. Harald Patzer.","PeriodicalId":345609,"journal":{"name":"Difference and Orientation","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115355106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501739224-018
A. Kluge
{"title":"14. An Answer to Two Opera Quotations (1983/84)","authors":"A. Kluge","doi":"10.7591/9781501739224-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739224-018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345609,"journal":{"name":"Difference and Orientation","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123669168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0025
A. Kluge
This chapter highlights the individual's capacity for differentiation. Imagine the human body: take, for example, the mouth, whose capacity for differentiation would be called a sensation. The largest organ, the skin, also has sensation. The ear: therein lies musicality, the sense of balance, the sense of hearing, and rhythm. These sensations are divided between two cerebral hemispheres. All of these sensations play a role in an encounter with another person. The moment when related sensations reach a decision about another human being is called feeling. This is not something sentimental, but rather is subject to the sentimentalization and commercialization of the nineteenth century. In reality, feeling is something very human. It is what a person adds to an objective relation. In order to be able to convey more clearly the difference between sensation and feeling, Alexander Kluge introduces another term: passion. There is the passion of the mind and there is the mind of passion. This is the intensification of the will, feeling, the sum of various feelings pointed in a single direction.
{"title":"The Art of Drawing Distinctions","authors":"A. Kluge","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights the individual's capacity for differentiation. Imagine the human body: take, for example, the mouth, whose capacity for differentiation would be called a sensation. The largest organ, the skin, also has sensation. The ear: therein lies musicality, the sense of balance, the sense of hearing, and rhythm. These sensations are divided between two cerebral hemispheres. All of these sensations play a role in an encounter with another person. The moment when related sensations reach a decision about another human being is called feeling. This is not something sentimental, but rather is subject to the sentimentalization and commercialization of the nineteenth century. In reality, feeling is something very human. It is what a person adds to an objective relation. In order to be able to convey more clearly the difference between sensation and feeling, Alexander Kluge introduces another term: passion. There is the passion of the mind and there is the mind of passion. This is the intensification of the will, feeling, the sum of various feelings pointed in a single direction.","PeriodicalId":345609,"journal":{"name":"Difference and Orientation","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125336651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501739224-005
H. Kleist
{"title":"1. The Difference (1985)","authors":"H. Kleist","doi":"10.7591/9781501739224-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501739224-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345609,"journal":{"name":"Difference and Orientation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125140694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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