Hanyang Medical Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Tic & Tourette Syndrome and Motor Disorders","authors":"T. Park, Juhyun Park","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.46","url":null,"abstract":"Motor disorder refers to neuropsychiatric disorders such as abnormal movements, meaningless repetitive movements, and impairment in acquisition and performance of motor skills. Motor disorder was included as a sub-category of neurodevelopmental disorder chapter in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) [1]. DSM-5’s motor disorders include tic disorders (Tourette’s disorder, persistent motor or vocal tic disorder, provisional tic disorder, other specified tic disorder, and unspecified tic disorder), developmental coordination disorder, and stereotypic movement disorder. This review overviews and summarizes current knowledge on the motor disorder’s cause, diagnosis, and treatment. TIC DISORDERS","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116769402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Assessment in Neurodevelopmental Disorders","authors":"M. Oh","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.72","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by impaired development that causes adjustment problems. The spectrum of developmental impairment varies and includes in- tellectual disabilities, communication and social interaction challenges, and attention and executive function deficits. The neurodevelopmental disorders include intellectual disabil- ity, communication disorder, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity dis- order, neurodevelopmental motor disorders, and specific learning disorder. The differential diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders is important, comprehensive psychological assessmentsare required for individuals who may have a neurodevelopmental disorder. This paper focuses on intellectual, neuropsychological, adaptive behavior, and autism di- agnostic assessments and psychiatric comorbidities. These assessments accurately screen for neurodevelopmental disorders and aid in differential diagnosis. The goals of psycho- logical assessment include facilitating therapeutic planning, and suggesting prognosis. Further research is required to clarify each aspect of neurodevelopmental disorders and optimize psychological assessment tools accordingly.","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131242386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Preterm Infants at Childhood: Cognition and Language","authors":"H. J. Lee, Hyun Kyung Park","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130356158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socially Assistive Robotics in Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Seong Jin Cho, D. Ahn","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129452483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Stimulation and Modulation for Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"T. Kim, Jimi Ryu, G. Bahn","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.65","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a range of conditions including impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Pharmacological treatments can improve some symptoms of ASD, but the effect is limited and there is a huge unmet demand for successful interventions of ASD. Brain stimulation and modulation are emerging treatment options for ASD: electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia in ASD, vagal nerve stimulation for comorbid epilepsy and ASD, and deep brain stimulation for serious self-injurious behavior. Therapeutic tools are evolving to mechanism-driven treatment. Excitation/Inhibition (E/I) imbalance alters the brain mechanism of information processing and behavioral regulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can stabilize aberrant neuroplasticity by improving E/I balance. These brain stimulation and modulation methods are expected to be used for exploration of the pathophysiology and etiology of ASD and might facilitate the development of a mechanism-driven solution of core domains of ASD in the future.","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Persistence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"A. Min, D. Ahn","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is to review Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the developmental perspective, focusing on clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD throughout life stage. When diagnosed with ADHD, before entering elementary school early diagnosis and early intervention is encouraged to reduce various impairments that occur during development. Thirty to eighty percent of school-age ADHD symptoms remain throughout the adolescence or meet the ADHD diagnosis criteria. During adolescence, hyperactivity and impulsiveness from other existing symptoms become less severe but children have insufficiency to continue studying or task compared to their peers. Pharmacologic treatment had been shown to be the most effective treatment regimen for adolescents who continue to have ADHD symptoms. In adults, representative symptoms of ADHD, hyperactivity and impulsiveness, often gradually decrease while lack of concentration remains. As Conner's Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID), a structured interview for the diagnosis of adulthood ADHD has been translated into Korean, it can be applied clinically. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment in adults had been shown to be effective.","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121850814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Palsy Update - Focusing on the Treatments and Interventions","authors":"M. Kim","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral palsy (CP), known as “Little’s disease” is the most common neurologic disorder in pediatric patients. The core problem of CP is the abnormal movement and posture which manifests very early in the development. The cornerstone to treat the children with CP is the conventional rehabilitation program based on neurodevelopmental approach that has been done for decades. Recently, various translational research has emerged, and focused on the changing therapeutic paradigm using high technologic equipment such as computer- or robotic-approach, botulinum toxin, or stem cell use with potential therapeutic effect. Many other trials using newly developed devices, or combination of old and new therapies are ongoing to demonstrate the evidence, however obstacles still remain. Regarding rehabilitative therapy, the use of exercise-based treatment such as early intervention, gross motor task training, hippotherapy, reactive balance training, treadmill training with/without body weight support, and trunk-targeted training are promising. Virtual reality, robot-assisted and computer-enhanced therapies are very potent therapeutic tools for CP under way of mass commercialization. Regarding medical therapy, botulinum toxin injection showed the most concrete benefit for CP children. Stem cell therapy is just beginning, performing experimental studies in vivo. The author reviewed the current research, expanding therapeutic options to improve the posture and movement control in children with CP.","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125014423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Treatments for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Hyunsook Kim","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"Given the situation where various psychosocial treatments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are proposed and body of treatment outcome studies for ASD are accumulated, this study purported to review psychosocial treatments for children with ASD that currently receive empirical supports. To address these purposes, the study focused on the three types of psychosocial treatments frequently observed in ASD literature (behavioral interventions, social-communication skills interventions, and parent training interventions), and reviewed research findings pertaining to each of these interventions. Toward the end, clinically useful findings were emphasized, important clinical and research issues were discussed, and directions for future treatment outcome studies were provided.","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132084795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Neurodevelopmental Disorders","authors":"D. Ahn","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue, I’m glad to introduce neurodevelopmental disorders. The neurodevelopmental disorders are ‘a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period’, which are firstly introduced in American Psychiatric Association’s fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, APA, 2013) [1]. The disorders typically occur in early development and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. The deficits of disorders are widely ranged from very specific limitations of learning or communicative skills to global impairments of social interactions or intellectual function. Under the category of the neurodevelopmental disorders, as you know, six diagnostic entities are there. Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder, formerly mental retardation) is characterized by deficits in general mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning, and learning from experience, and also in adaptive functioning in comparison to an individual’s age-, gender-, and socioculturally matched peers. Recently the term ‘mental retardation’ is replaced with the term ‘intellectual disability’ by forensic, educational, and other professionals and public and advocacy groups. The communication disorders include language disorder, speech sound disorder, social (pragmatic) communication disorder, and childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering). The first three disorder are characterized by deficits in the development and use of language, speech, and social communication, respectively. Speech is the expressive production of sounds and includes an individual’s articulation, fluency, voice, and resonance quality. Language includes the form, function, and use of a conventional system of symbols (i.e., spoken words, sign language, written words, pictures) in a rule-governed manner for communication. Communication includes any verbal or nonverbal behavior that influences the behavior, ideas, or attitudes of another individual. The core features of language disorder are persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities (i.e., spoken, written, sign language, or other) due to deficits in comprehension or production. Speech sound disorder is characterized by persistent difficulty with speech sound production. Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) is characterized by disturbances of normal fluency and time patterning of speech, including sound and syllable repetitions, sound prolongation of consonants as well as vowels, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension. Social (pragmatic) communication disorder is a new category in DSM-5, which is characterized by a primary difficulty with language pragmatics, or the social use of language and communication, as manifested by deficits in understan","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115468864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Detection and Intervention of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"H. Yoo","doi":"10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7599/HMR.2016.36.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically identified in early toddlerhood. Both retrospective and prospective follow up studies of high risk infants reveal early risk signs of ASD at 12-24 months of age. The most frequently replicated early signs of ASD are atypical visual tracking and coordination, lack of social reciprocity, abnor- mal social communication and unusual patterns of manipulating objects, atypical sensory exploration, expressed as uncoordinated eye contact, unresponsiveness to naming, lack of social smile, delayed development of nonverbal communication and joint attention, less sharing interest, and unusually repetitive use of objects. Early intervention, before 2 years of age, appears to change the underlying developmental trajectories of the brain in indi- viduals with ASD. In this review, the early risk signs of ASD in infancy and toddlerhood, along with early intervention and their implications, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":345710,"journal":{"name":"Hanyang Medical Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121393883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}