Pub Date : 2009-05-10DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2009.5322152
B. Haller, S. Chapeland, V. Altini, F. Carena, W. Carena, V. C. Barroso, F. Costa, R. Divià, M. Frauman, U. Fuchs, I. Makhlyueva, O. R. Rosa, David Rodriguez Navarro, F. Roukoutakis, K. Schossmaier, C. Soós, A. Telesca, P. Vyvre
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a heavy-ion detector designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Due to the complexity of ALICE in terms of number of detectors and performance requirements, data quality monitoring (DQM) plays an essential role in providing an online feedback on the data being recorded. It intends to provide operators with precise and complete information to quickly identify and overcome problems, and, as a consequence, to ensure acquisition of high quality data. DQM typically involves the online gathering of data samples, their analysis by user-defined algorithms and the visualization of the monitoring results. In this paper, we illustrate the final design of the DQM software framework of ALICE, AMORE (Automatic Monitoring Environment), and its latest features and developments. We describe how this system is used to monitor the event data coming from the ALICE detectors allowing operators and experts to access a view of monitoring elements and to detect potential problems. Important features include the integration with the offline analysis and reconstruction framework and the interface with the electronic logbook that makes the monitoring results available everywhere through a web browser. Furthermore, we show the advantage of using multi-core processors through a parallel images/results production and the flexibility of the graphic user interface that gives to the user the possibility to apply filters and customize the visualization. We finally review the wide range of usage people make of this framework, from the basic monitoring of a single sub-detector to the most complex ones within the High Level Trigger farm or using the Prompt Reconstruction. We also describe the various ways of accessing the monitoring results. We conclude with our experience, after the LHC restart, when monitoring the data quality in a realworld and challenging environment.
{"title":"The alice data quality monitoring system","authors":"B. Haller, S. Chapeland, V. Altini, F. Carena, W. Carena, V. C. Barroso, F. Costa, R. Divià, M. Frauman, U. Fuchs, I. Makhlyueva, O. R. Rosa, David Rodriguez Navarro, F. Roukoutakis, K. Schossmaier, C. Soós, A. Telesca, P. Vyvre","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2009.5322152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2009.5322152","url":null,"abstract":"ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a heavy-ion detector designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Due to the complexity of ALICE in terms of number of detectors and performance requirements, data quality monitoring (DQM) plays an essential role in providing an online feedback on the data being recorded. It intends to provide operators with precise and complete information to quickly identify and overcome problems, and, as a consequence, to ensure acquisition of high quality data. DQM typically involves the online gathering of data samples, their analysis by user-defined algorithms and the visualization of the monitoring results. In this paper, we illustrate the final design of the DQM software framework of ALICE, AMORE (Automatic Monitoring Environment), and its latest features and developments. We describe how this system is used to monitor the event data coming from the ALICE detectors allowing operators and experts to access a view of monitoring elements and to detect potential problems. Important features include the integration with the offline analysis and reconstruction framework and the interface with the electronic logbook that makes the monitoring results available everywhere through a web browser. Furthermore, we show the advantage of using multi-core processors through a parallel images/results production and the flexibility of the graphic user interface that gives to the user the possibility to apply filters and customize the visualization. We finally review the wide range of usage people make of this framework, from the basic monitoring of a single sub-detector to the most complex ones within the High Level Trigger farm or using the Prompt Reconstruction. We also describe the various ways of accessing the monitoring results. We conclude with our experience, after the LHC restart, when monitoring the data quality in a realworld and challenging environment.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121642671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/rtc.2010.5750451
A. Annovi, M. Beretta, E. Bossini, F. Crescioli, M. Dell'Orso, P. Giannetti, M. Piendibene, I. Sacco, L. Sartori, R. Tripiccione
We propose a new generation of VLSI processor for pattern recognition based on Associative Memory architecture, optimized for on-line track finding in high-energy physics experiments. We describe the architecture, the technology studies and the prototype design of a new R&D Associative Memory project: it maximizes the pattern density on ASICs, minimizes the power consumption and improves the functionality for the Fast Tracker (FTK) proposed to upgrade the ATLAS trigger at LHC. Finally we will focus on possible future applications inside and outside High Physics Energy (HEP).
{"title":"Associative memory design for the FastTrack processor (FTK) at ATLAS","authors":"A. Annovi, M. Beretta, E. Bossini, F. Crescioli, M. Dell'Orso, P. Giannetti, M. Piendibene, I. Sacco, L. Sartori, R. Tripiccione","doi":"10.1109/rtc.2010.5750451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtc.2010.5750451","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new generation of VLSI processor for pattern recognition based on Associative Memory architecture, optimized for on-line track finding in high-energy physics experiments. We describe the architecture, the technology studies and the prototype design of a new R&D Associative Memory project: it maximizes the pattern density on ASICs, minimizes the power consumption and improves the functionality for the Fast Tracker (FTK) proposed to upgrade the ATLAS trigger at LHC. Finally we will focus on possible future applications inside and outside High Physics Energy (HEP).","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129144366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/rtc.2010.5750412
P. Achenbach
The KAOS spectrometer is maintained by the A1 collaboration at the Mainz Microtron MAMI with a focus on the study of (e, e′K+) coincidence reactions. For its electron-arm two vertical planes of fiber arrays, each comprising approximately 10 000 fibers, are operated close to zero degree scattering angle and in close proximity to the electron beam. A nearly dead-time free DAQ system to acquire timing and tracking information has been installed for this spectrometer arm. The signals of 144 multi-anode photomultipliers are collected by 96-channel front-end boards, digitized by double-threshold discriminators and the signal time is picked up by state-of-the-art F1 time-to-digital converter chips. In order to minimize background rates a sophisticated trigger logic was implemented in newly developed VUPROM modules. The trigger performs noise suppression, signal cluster finding, particle tracking, and coincidence timing, and can be expanded for kinematical matching (e′K+) coincidences. The full system was designed to process more than 4 000 read-out channels and to cope with the high electron flux in the spectrometer and the high count rate requirement of the detectors. It was successfully in-beam tested at MAMI in 2009.
KAOS光谱仪由美因茨Microtron MAMI的A1合作维护，重点研究(e, e 'K +)重合反应。对于它的电子臂，光纤阵列的两个垂直平面，每个由大约10000根光纤组成，在接近零度散射角和接近电子束的地方运行。在该光谱仪臂上安装了一个几乎无死时的DAQ系统来获取定时和跟踪信息。144个多阳极光电倍增管的信号由96通道前端板采集，双阈值鉴别器数字化，信号时间由最先进的F1时间-数字转换器芯片拾取。为了最小化背景速率，在新开发的VUPROM模块中实现了复杂的触发逻辑。触发器执行噪声抑制，信号簇查找，粒子跟踪和巧合定时，并且可以扩展为运动学匹配(e 'K +)巧合。整个系统被设计为处理超过4000个读出通道，并处理光谱仪中的高电子通量和检测器的高计数率要求。它于2009年在MAMI成功进行了梁内测试。
{"title":"A large-scale FPGA-based trigger and dead-time free DAQ system for the KAOS spectrometer at MAMI","authors":"P. Achenbach","doi":"10.1109/rtc.2010.5750412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtc.2010.5750412","url":null,"abstract":"The KAOS spectrometer is maintained by the A1 collaboration at the Mainz Microtron MAMI with a focus on the study of (e, e′K+) coincidence reactions. For its electron-arm two vertical planes of fiber arrays, each comprising approximately 10 000 fibers, are operated close to zero degree scattering angle and in close proximity to the electron beam. A nearly dead-time free DAQ system to acquire timing and tracking information has been installed for this spectrometer arm. The signals of 144 multi-anode photomultipliers are collected by 96-channel front-end boards, digitized by double-threshold discriminators and the signal time is picked up by state-of-the-art F1 time-to-digital converter chips. In order to minimize background rates a sophisticated trigger logic was implemented in newly developed VUPROM modules. The trigger performs noise suppression, signal cluster finding, particle tracking, and coincidence timing, and can be expanded for kinematical matching (e′K+) coincidences. The full system was designed to process more than 4 000 read-out channels and to cope with the high electron flux in the spectrometer and the high count rate requirement of the detectors. It was successfully in-beam tested at MAMI in 2009.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122436820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/rtc.2010.5750397
A. Neto, D. Alves, L. Boncagni, P. Carvalho, D. Valcárcel, A. Barbalace, G. De Tommasi, H. Fernandes, F. Sartori, E. Vitale, R. Vitelli, L. Zabeo
The Multithreaded Application Real-Time executor (MARTe) is a data driven framework environment for the development and deployment of real-time control algorithms. The main ideas which led to the present version of the framework were to standardise the development of real-time control systems, while providing a set of strictly bounded standard interfaces to the outside world and also accommodating a collection of facilities which promote the speed and ease of development, commissioning and deployment of such systems. At the core of every MARTe based application, is a set of independent inter-communicating software blocks, named Generic Application Modules (GAM), orchestrated by a real-time scheduler. The platform independence of its core library provides MARTe the necessary robustness and flexibility for conveniently testing applications in different environments including non-real-time operating systems. MARTe is already being used in several machines, each with its own peculiarities regarding hardware interfacing, supervisory control configuration, operating system and target control application. This paper presents and compares the most recent results of systems using MARTe: the JET Vertical Stabilisation system, which uses the Real Time Application Interface (RTAI) operating system on Intel multi-core processors; the COMPASS plasma control system, driven by Linux RT also on Intel multi-core processors; ISTTOK real-time tomography equilibrium reconstruction which shares the same support configuration of COMPASS; JET error field correction coils based on VME, PowerPC and VxWorks; FTU LH reflected power system running on VME, Intel with RTAI.
{"title":"A survey of recent MARTe based systems","authors":"A. Neto, D. Alves, L. Boncagni, P. Carvalho, D. Valcárcel, A. Barbalace, G. De Tommasi, H. Fernandes, F. Sartori, E. Vitale, R. Vitelli, L. Zabeo","doi":"10.1109/rtc.2010.5750397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtc.2010.5750397","url":null,"abstract":"The Multithreaded Application Real-Time executor (MARTe) is a data driven framework environment for the development and deployment of real-time control algorithms. The main ideas which led to the present version of the framework were to standardise the development of real-time control systems, while providing a set of strictly bounded standard interfaces to the outside world and also accommodating a collection of facilities which promote the speed and ease of development, commissioning and deployment of such systems. At the core of every MARTe based application, is a set of independent inter-communicating software blocks, named Generic Application Modules (GAM), orchestrated by a real-time scheduler. The platform independence of its core library provides MARTe the necessary robustness and flexibility for conveniently testing applications in different environments including non-real-time operating systems. MARTe is already being used in several machines, each with its own peculiarities regarding hardware interfacing, supervisory control configuration, operating system and target control application. This paper presents and compares the most recent results of systems using MARTe: the JET Vertical Stabilisation system, which uses the Real Time Application Interface (RTAI) operating system on Intel multi-core processors; the COMPASS plasma control system, driven by Linux RT also on Intel multi-core processors; ISTTOK real-time tomography equilibrium reconstruction which shares the same support configuration of COMPASS; JET error field correction coils based on VME, PowerPC and VxWorks; FTU LH reflected power system running on VME, Intel with RTAI.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134027725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/tns.2011.2152854
S. Huber, J. Friedrich, B. Ketzer, I. Konorov, A. Mann, T. Nagel, S. Paul
At the COMPASS experiment at CERN's SPS many physics channels containing neutral particles are studied. These particles are identified by two electromagnetic calorimeters covering different transfers regions. For certain physics the main signature is described by these neutral particles which requires a calorimetric trigger system. The method described here is fully based on the existing front end electronics and uses digital pulse shape analysis techniques. This approach allows to implement a flexible trigger system as well as to reduce cost by avoiding to produce new electronic components. The implementation of this new trigger as well as the performance measured during the 2009 run will be discussed.
{"title":"A digital trigger for the electromagnetic calorimeter at the COMPASS experiment","authors":"S. Huber, J. Friedrich, B. Ketzer, I. Konorov, A. Mann, T. Nagel, S. Paul","doi":"10.1109/tns.2011.2152854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2011.2152854","url":null,"abstract":"At the COMPASS experiment at CERN's SPS many physics channels containing neutral particles are studied. These particles are identified by two electromagnetic calorimeters covering different transfers regions. For certain physics the main signature is described by these neutral particles which requires a calorimetric trigger system. The method described here is fully based on the existing front end electronics and uses digital pulse shape analysis techniques. This approach allows to implement a flexible trigger system as well as to reduce cost by avoiding to produce new electronic components. The implementation of this new trigger as well as the performance measured during the 2009 run will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114863149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/tns.2011.2158112
J. Adamczewski-Musch, H. Essel, S. Linev
The Data Acquisition Backbone Core (DABC) is a new GSI software framework to run data acquisition with distributed event building on high performance Linux clusters. Experimental data input is provided by means of generic Device and Transport interfaces. DABC offers elaborate mechanisms for multiprocessing, buffer management, and data flow throttling. These are transparently available for all implemented plug-ins of the hardware interface. Device plug-ins can link a DABC node to remote readout hardware via network connections, such as Ethernet or InfiniBand. Other Device plug-ins can communicate on the Linux device driver level with custom boards directly plugged to the node.
{"title":"The DABC framework interface to readout hardware","authors":"J. Adamczewski-Musch, H. Essel, S. Linev","doi":"10.1109/tns.2011.2158112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2011.2158112","url":null,"abstract":"The Data Acquisition Backbone Core (DABC) is a new GSI software framework to run data acquisition with distributed event building on high performance Linux clusters. Experimental data input is provided by means of generic Device and Transport interfaces. DABC offers elaborate mechanisms for multiprocessing, buffer management, and data flow throttling. These are transparently available for all implemented plug-ins of the hardware interface. Device plug-ins can link a DABC node to remote readout hardware via network connections, such as Ethernet or InfiniBand. Other Device plug-ins can communicate on the Linux device driver level with custom boards directly plugged to the node.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123633593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/tns.2011.2147332
G. De Tommasi, D. Alves, T. Bellizio, R. Felton, A. Neto, F. Sartori, R. Vitelli, L. Zabeo, R. Albanese, G. Ambrosino, P. Lomas
The achievement of the required performances during the operation of large fusion experimental reactors, is strictly related to the flexibility and reliability of the realtime infrastructures. It turns out that, in tokamak reactors, the real-time infrastructure has to be designed so as to meet a number of common requirements. An overview of the realtime infrastructure currently adopted at the JET tokamak is given in this paper, focusing the attention on the solutions that have been developed for addressing these common requirements. Furthermore, three real-time systems recently deployed at JET are described as example.
{"title":"Real-time systems in tokamak devices. A case study: The JET tokamak","authors":"G. De Tommasi, D. Alves, T. Bellizio, R. Felton, A. Neto, F. Sartori, R. Vitelli, L. Zabeo, R. Albanese, G. Ambrosino, P. Lomas","doi":"10.1109/tns.2011.2147332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2011.2147332","url":null,"abstract":"The achievement of the required performances during the operation of large fusion experimental reactors, is strictly related to the flexibility and reliability of the realtime infrastructures. It turns out that, in tokamak reactors, the real-time infrastructure has to be designed so as to meet a number of common requirements. An overview of the realtime infrastructure currently adopted at the JET tokamak is given in this paper, focusing the attention on the solutions that have been developed for addressing these common requirements. Furthermore, three real-time systems recently deployed at JET are described as example.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128114470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/tns.2011.2159016
A. Rodrigues, M. Correia, A. Batista, J. Sousa, B. Gonçalves, C. Correia, C. Varandas
An Intelligent Platform Management Controller (IPMC) is being developed by IPFN/IST. This controller will be integrated in the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) and Advanced Mezzanine Cards (AMC) modules that are under development for application in nuclear fusion experiments such as the ITER Fast Plant System Controller (FPSC) prototype.
{"title":"Intelligent Platform Management Controller for nuclear fusion fast plant system controllers","authors":"A. Rodrigues, M. Correia, A. Batista, J. Sousa, B. Gonçalves, C. Correia, C. Varandas","doi":"10.1109/tns.2011.2159016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2011.2159016","url":null,"abstract":"An Intelligent Platform Management Controller (IPMC) is being developed by IPFN/IST. This controller will be integrated in the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) and Advanced Mezzanine Cards (AMC) modules that are under development for application in nuclear fusion experiments such as the ITER Fast Plant System Controller (FPSC) prototype.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123851696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/tns.2011.2126595
E. Becheva, F. Cavallari, P. Paganini, L. Antonelli, S. Lynch, P. Musella
The Level-1 Trigger plays a major role in the CMS experiment allowing the reduction of the raw event rate at the Large Hadron Collider. Its decision is based on information from the electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters as well as the muon detectors. The electronics of the electromagnetic calorimeter generate and deliver basic quantities called “Trigger Primitives” which correspond to local energy deposits created by electromagnetic showers. In order to ensure the correct generation of the trigger primitives by the electronics, special software called an emulator has been implemented. It is able to reproduce the ECAL trigger functionalities at the bit level using the same inputs and identical output format. It is configured in exactly the same way as the hardware. The configuration of the electromagnetic hardware trigger requires 5 million parameters stored into an Online Master Data Storage (OMDS) database. This paper will present the procedure used to transfer the parameters from the OMDS to the Offline database, which is used to perform the validation test with the Level-1 Trigger emulator.
{"title":"Emulating the Level-1 electromagnetic Trigger response using an Offline database. Procedure for populating this database from the Online information","authors":"E. Becheva, F. Cavallari, P. Paganini, L. Antonelli, S. Lynch, P. Musella","doi":"10.1109/tns.2011.2126595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2011.2126595","url":null,"abstract":"The Level-1 Trigger plays a major role in the CMS experiment allowing the reduction of the raw event rate at the Large Hadron Collider. Its decision is based on information from the electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters as well as the muon detectors. The electronics of the electromagnetic calorimeter generate and deliver basic quantities called “Trigger Primitives” which correspond to local energy deposits created by electromagnetic showers. In order to ensure the correct generation of the trigger primitives by the electronics, special software called an emulator has been implemented. It is able to reproduce the ECAL trigger functionalities at the bit level using the same inputs and identical output format. It is configured in exactly the same way as the hardware. The configuration of the electromagnetic hardware trigger requires 5 million parameters stored into an Online Master Data Storage (OMDS) database. This paper will present the procedure used to transfer the parameters from the OMDS to the Offline database, which is used to perform the validation test with the Level-1 Trigger emulator.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130301399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/tns.2011.2159310
B. Gonçalves, J. Sousa, B. Carvalho, A. Rodrigues, M. Correia, A. Batista, J. Vega, M. Ruiz, J. López, R. C. Rojo, A. Wallander, N. Utzel, A. Neto, D. Alves, D. Valcárcel
ITER CODAC Design identified the need for two types of Plant System. Slow control plant system, based on industrial automation technology with maximum sampling rates below 100 Hz, and fast control plant system based on embedded technology with higher sampling rates and more stringent realtime requirements. The latter is applicable to diagnostics and Plant Systems in closed-control loops whose cycle times are below 1 ms. Fast Controllers will be dedicated industrial controllers with the ability to supervise other fast and/or slow controllers, interface to actuators and sensors and, eventually, high performance networks (HPN). Two prototypes of a Fast Plant System Controller (FPSC) specialized for data acquisition and constrained by ITER technological choices are being built using two different form factors. This prototyping activity contributes to the Plant Control Design Handbook (PCDH) effort of standardization, specifically regarding fast controller characteristics. Envisaging a general purpose fast controller design, diagnostic use cases with specific requirements were analysed and will be presented along with the interface with CODAC and sensors. The requirements and constraints that real-time plasma control imposes on the design were also taken into consideration. Functional specifications and technology neutral architecture together with its implications on the engineering design were considered. The detailed engineering design compliant with ITER standards was performed and will be discussed in detail. Emphasis will be given to the integration of the controller in the standard CODAC environment. Requirements for the EPICS IOC providing the interface to the outside world, the prototype decisions on form factor, real-time operating system and high-performance networks will also be discussed, as well as the requirements for data streaming to CODAC for visualization and archiving.
ITER CODAC设计确定了两种类型的电厂系统的需求。基于工业自动化技术的慢控工厂系统，最大采样率低于100hz;基于嵌入式技术的快控工厂系统，采样率更高，实时性要求更严格。后者适用于诊断和工厂系统的闭环控制，其周期时间低于1ms。Fast控制器将是专用的工业控制器，能够监督其他快速和/或慢速控制器，与执行器和传感器接口，并最终实现高性能网络(HPN)。用于数据采集并受ITER技术选择限制的快速工厂系统控制器(FPSC)的两个原型正在使用两种不同的外形因素进行建造。这种原型设计活动有助于工厂控制设计手册(PCDH)标准化工作，特别是关于快速控制器特性。设想一个通用的快速控制器设计，分析了具有特定要求的诊断用例，并将与CODAC和传感器的接口一起呈现。同时还考虑了实时等离子体控制对设计的要求和限制。考虑了功能规范和技术中立架构及其对工程设计的影响。进行了符合ITER标准的详细工程设计，并将进行详细讨论。重点将放在控制器在标准CODAC环境中的集成。还将讨论EPICS IOC向外界提供接口的需求、外形因素的原型决策、实时操作系统和高性能网络，以及为可视化和存档而向CODAC传输数据的需求。
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