Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750473
H. Santos
The main task of the Tile calorimeter Detector Control System (DCS) is to enable the coherent and safe operation of the calorimeter. All actions initiated by the operator, as well as all errors, warnings and alarms concerning the hardware of the detector are handled by DCS. The Tile calorimeter DCS controls and monitors mainly the low voltage and high voltage power supply systems, but it is also interfaced with the infrastructure (cooling system and racks), the calibration systems, the data acquisition system, configuration and conditions databases and the detector safety system.
{"title":"The ATLAS/TileCal Detector Control System","authors":"H. Santos","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750473","url":null,"abstract":"The main task of the Tile calorimeter Detector Control System (DCS) is to enable the coherent and safe operation of the calorimeter. All actions initiated by the operator, as well as all errors, warnings and alarms concerning the hardware of the detector are handled by DCS. The Tile calorimeter DCS controls and monitors mainly the low voltage and high voltage power supply systems, but it is also interfaced with the infrastructure (cooling system and racks), the calibration systems, the data acquisition system, configuration and conditions databases and the detector safety system.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"882 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123032196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750393
P. Spuig, A. Barbuti, C. Gil, A. Boboc, S. Dorling, M. Jennison
Tore Supra uses a ten channel FIR interferometer to measure the plasma density. The plasma density is deduced from the phase between a shifted reference beam and a probing beam that crosses the plasma, however the counting of the fringes is affected by several kinds of plasma events that make the signal too low to be reliably measured. The last upgrade of the interferometer electronic instrumentation has been carried out by the responsible physicist and the Tore Supra electronics team in order to reduce the number of so-called fringe jumps in real time. Efficient correction algorithms were developed for both Tore Supra and JET tokamaks. The use of the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) technology with the VHDL language makes possible to refine more and more specific fringe jump correction algorithms. The article will focus on the technology used to implement such an instrument and will present the next generation that is planned to equip the new JET interferometer channels.
{"title":"Advanced electronics for tokamak far infrared interferometers","authors":"P. Spuig, A. Barbuti, C. Gil, A. Boboc, S. Dorling, M. Jennison","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750393","url":null,"abstract":"Tore Supra uses a ten channel FIR interferometer to measure the plasma density. The plasma density is deduced from the phase between a shifted reference beam and a probing beam that crosses the plasma, however the counting of the fringes is affected by several kinds of plasma events that make the signal too low to be reliably measured. The last upgrade of the interferometer electronic instrumentation has been carried out by the responsible physicist and the Tore Supra electronics team in order to reduce the number of so-called fringe jumps in real time. Efficient correction algorithms were developed for both Tore Supra and JET tokamaks. The use of the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) technology with the VHDL language makes possible to refine more and more specific fringe jump correction algorithms. The article will focus on the technology used to implement such an instrument and will present the next generation that is planned to equip the new JET interferometer channels.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115582970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750474
A. Duarte, P. Carvalho, B. Santos, B. B. Carvalho, T. Pereira, J. Fortunato, J. Sousa, H. Fernandes
This paper presents a slow control system based on Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and FireSignal technology for fusion devices, that is being developed for ISTTOK and COMPASS tokamaks. In this approach, the machine sub-systems control is based in micro-controllers. These sub-systems can handle automatically the necessary procedures before, during and after a plasma discharge, including safety protocols. An EPICS based supervisory control software then integrates all machine subsystems for central monitoring, configuration, logging and alarm management. Instead of the usual EPICS MEDM client tools, remote monitoring and configuration is accomplished by means of a specifically developed Java application using the CAJ library for EPICS and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). This application behaves also as FireSignal Client, allowing the subsystems to be completely integrated on a FireSignal-based CODAC with all Process Variables (PV) and relevant control events being recorded in the central database. Through the FireSignal operator console, the so called FS User Client, it is possible to present a dedicated GUI for each subsystem, thus providing the machine operator a complete overview of the state of the machine and full control capabilities.
{"title":"Integration of EPICS subsystem control on FireSignal","authors":"A. Duarte, P. Carvalho, B. Santos, B. B. Carvalho, T. Pereira, J. Fortunato, J. Sousa, H. Fernandes","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750474","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a slow control system based on Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and FireSignal technology for fusion devices, that is being developed for ISTTOK and COMPASS tokamaks. In this approach, the machine sub-systems control is based in micro-controllers. These sub-systems can handle automatically the necessary procedures before, during and after a plasma discharge, including safety protocols. An EPICS based supervisory control software then integrates all machine subsystems for central monitoring, configuration, logging and alarm management. Instead of the usual EPICS MEDM client tools, remote monitoring and configuration is accomplished by means of a specifically developed Java application using the CAJ library for EPICS and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). This application behaves also as FireSignal Client, allowing the subsystems to be completely integrated on a FireSignal-based CODAC with all Process Variables (PV) and relevant control events being recorded in the central database. Through the FireSignal operator console, the so called FS User Client, it is possible to present a dedicated GUI for each subsystem, thus providing the machine operator a complete overview of the state of the machine and full control capabilities.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131275180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750411
Z. Szadkowski
The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory contain 1600 water Cherenkov detectors spread over an area of 3000 km2. The Cherenkov light is detected by three 9-inch photomultiplier tubes from which the signals of the anode and last dynode are digitized by 10 bit ADCs. The currently used generations of the Front-End Boards equipped with the ACEX® and Cyclone™ chips were sampled with 40 MHz clock. New requirements from the Auger North (100 MHz) and AMIGA (80 MHz) specification as well as proposal of new spectral triggers based on the 16-point Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) requires a new Front End Boards with more powerful FPGA chip. The DCT trigger can be only implemented in a newer FPGA chips supported by sufficient amount of DSP blocks. The DCT trigger allows recognition of ADC traces with a very short rise time and fast exponential attenuation related to a narrow, flat muon component of very inclined extensive air showers generated by hadrons and starting their development early in the atmosphere. The DCT based on only real coefficients in the frequency domain, provides much more sensitive trigger conditions and a simpler interpretation in comparison to a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that is based on complex coefficients. It also offers a scaling feature. The ratio of the DCT coefficients to the 1st harmonics depends only on the shape of signals, not on their amplitudes. 10 prototype boards equipped with Altera® CycloneIII™ FPGA have been fabricated and successively tested in the lab and in real pampas conditions in six test surface detectors within April 19 - July 26, 2009. Boards contain only a single FPGA chip, which implements also the slow channel, in previous three generations supported by the external Dual-Port RAM. Tests confirmed full stability and high reliability of the digital part. Both lab and field tests confirm a high efficiency of the recognition of expected patterns of ADC traces.
皮埃尔·奥格天文台的表面探测器阵列包含1600个水切伦科夫探测器，分布在3000平方公里的面积上。切伦科夫光由三个9英寸光电倍增管检测，其中阳极和最后一个阳极的信号由10位adc数字化。目前使用的配备ACEX®和Cyclone™芯片的几代前端板采用40 MHz时钟采样。来自Auger North (100 MHz)和AMIGA (80 MHz)规范的新要求以及基于16点离散余弦变换(DCT)的新频谱触发器的建议需要具有更强大的FPGA芯片的新前端板。DCT触发器只能在有足够数量的DSP块支持的较新的FPGA芯片中实现。DCT触发器允许识别ADC迹线，其上升时间非常短，指数衰减很快，这与强子产生的非常倾斜的广泛空气阵雨的窄而平坦的介子成分有关，并且在大气中开始早期发展。与基于复系数的离散傅立叶变换(DFT)相比，仅基于频域实系数的DCT提供了更敏感的触发条件和更简单的解释。它还提供了缩放功能。DCT系数与一阶谐波的比值只取决于信号的形状，而不取决于它们的振幅。在2009年4月19日至7月26日期间，已经制造了10个配备Altera®CycloneIII™FPGA的原型板，并在实验室和真实的潘巴斯条件下在六个测试表面探测器上进行了测试。主板只包含一个FPGA芯片，实现了前三代由外部双端口RAM支持的慢通道。经测试，数字部分完全稳定，可靠性高。实验室和现场测试都证实了对ADC走线的预期模式的高效率识别。
{"title":"The prototype of the 4th generation single FPGA Front-End Boards with 100 MHz sampling and DCT spectral trigger for Auger surface detectors","authors":"Z. Szadkowski","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750411","url":null,"abstract":"The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory contain 1600 water Cherenkov detectors spread over an area of 3000 km2. The Cherenkov light is detected by three 9-inch photomultiplier tubes from which the signals of the anode and last dynode are digitized by 10 bit ADCs. The currently used generations of the Front-End Boards equipped with the ACEX® and Cyclone™ chips were sampled with 40 MHz clock. New requirements from the Auger North (100 MHz) and AMIGA (80 MHz) specification as well as proposal of new spectral triggers based on the 16-point Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) requires a new Front End Boards with more powerful FPGA chip. The DCT trigger can be only implemented in a newer FPGA chips supported by sufficient amount of DSP blocks. The DCT trigger allows recognition of ADC traces with a very short rise time and fast exponential attenuation related to a narrow, flat muon component of very inclined extensive air showers generated by hadrons and starting their development early in the atmosphere. The DCT based on only real coefficients in the frequency domain, provides much more sensitive trigger conditions and a simpler interpretation in comparison to a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that is based on complex coefficients. It also offers a scaling feature. The ratio of the DCT coefficients to the 1st harmonics depends only on the shape of signals, not on their amplitudes. 10 prototype boards equipped with Altera® CycloneIII™ FPGA have been fabricated and successively tested in the lab and in real pampas conditions in six test surface detectors within April 19 - July 26, 2009. Boards contain only a single FPGA chip, which implements also the slow channel, in previous three generations supported by the external Dual-Port RAM. Tests confirmed full stability and high reliability of the digital part. Both lab and field tests confirm a high efficiency of the recognition of expected patterns of ADC traces.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127510615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750416
S. Mastroianni
The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking since November 2007 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet,P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l.). Its main fields of research are γ-astronomy with an energy threshold of a few hundred GeV and cosmic ray physics in the 1-1000 TeV energy range. The ARGO detector consists of a single layer of RPCs operated in streamer mode, covering a total instrumented area of about 10,000 m2. Signals from each RPC are picked up with 80 read-out strips 6.7 cm wide and 62 cm long (23 strips/m2) that allow the shower front reconstruction with an high space-time resolution. In order to fully investigate the PeV region, where the previous (digital) read-out saturates, an analog one has been implemented by instrumenting each RPC with two large size pads of dimension 1.39 × 1.23 m2. In this paper we describe the hardware solution that implements the real-time charge read-out in the ARGO-YBJ experiment, paying a special attention to the synchronization with the central data acquisition system, which also is described.
{"title":"The RPC charge readout system of the ARGO-YBJ experiment","authors":"S. Mastroianni","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750416","url":null,"abstract":"The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking since November 2007 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet,P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l.). Its main fields of research are γ-astronomy with an energy threshold of a few hundred GeV and cosmic ray physics in the 1-1000 TeV energy range. The ARGO detector consists of a single layer of RPCs operated in streamer mode, covering a total instrumented area of about 10,000 m2. Signals from each RPC are picked up with 80 read-out strips 6.7 cm wide and 62 cm long (23 strips/m2) that allow the shower front reconstruction with an high space-time resolution. In order to fully investigate the PeV region, where the previous (digital) read-out saturates, an analog one has been implemented by instrumenting each RPC with two large size pads of dimension 1.39 × 1.23 m2. In this paper we describe the hardware solution that implements the real-time charge read-out in the ARGO-YBJ experiment, paying a special attention to the synchronization with the central data acquisition system, which also is described.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120989971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750398
D. Alves, R. Coelho
Harmonic estimation and frequency tracking in real-time are well known pivotal problems in fields like Power Systems/Delivery/Electronics, Telecommunications, Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. Incidentally, these subjects also dwell in other (less common) engineering and scientific areas, such as thermonuclear fusion research and, in particular, tokamak plasma diagnostics data processing, where the spectral complexity of characteristic signals imposes frequent challenges. Numerous techniques have been proposed to address these problems. In the overwhelming majority of cases real-time harmonic estimation and frequency tracking have been addressed separately, either by convenience or necessity. Some proposals have employed Kalman Filters (KFs) and KF derived methodologies more or less sophisticated although never dealing with both topics concurrently. The KF is an essential pillar in control theory and it's merits are well established in a wide range of applications. Although addressing linear systems in its original concept, natural evolutions of the KF for the modelling of nonlinear systems have emerged since, among which the Extended Kalman Filter, a standard for example in GPS and navigation systems. In this paper, a comprehensive approach to multi-tone estimation and frequency tracking using KF techniques is presented. Both the Kalman Filter Harmonic Estimator (KFHE) and the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) Frequency Tracker (EKFFT) are introduced, along with their generalisations to multi-tone analysis. A series of selectively devised tests were carried out for challenging the performance and determining the operational limits of the EKFFT when aiming to provide accurate estimates, in real-time, of both instantaneous amplitude and phase plus the instantaneous frequency evolution of dominant tones in noisy signals. Finally, a robust algorithm is proposed for achieving the intended goal and conclusions are drawn.
{"title":"An adaptive real-time multi-tone estimator and Frequency Tracker for non-stationary signals","authors":"D. Alves, R. Coelho","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750398","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic estimation and frequency tracking in real-time are well known pivotal problems in fields like Power Systems/Delivery/Electronics, Telecommunications, Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. Incidentally, these subjects also dwell in other (less common) engineering and scientific areas, such as thermonuclear fusion research and, in particular, tokamak plasma diagnostics data processing, where the spectral complexity of characteristic signals imposes frequent challenges. Numerous techniques have been proposed to address these problems. In the overwhelming majority of cases real-time harmonic estimation and frequency tracking have been addressed separately, either by convenience or necessity. Some proposals have employed Kalman Filters (KFs) and KF derived methodologies more or less sophisticated although never dealing with both topics concurrently. The KF is an essential pillar in control theory and it's merits are well established in a wide range of applications. Although addressing linear systems in its original concept, natural evolutions of the KF for the modelling of nonlinear systems have emerged since, among which the Extended Kalman Filter, a standard for example in GPS and navigation systems. In this paper, a comprehensive approach to multi-tone estimation and frequency tracking using KF techniques is presented. Both the Kalman Filter Harmonic Estimator (KFHE) and the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) Frequency Tracker (EKFFT) are introduced, along with their generalisations to multi-tone analysis. A series of selectively devised tests were carried out for challenging the performance and determining the operational limits of the EKFFT when aiming to provide accurate estimates, in real-time, of both instantaneous amplitude and phase plus the instantaneous frequency evolution of dominant tones in noisy signals. Finally, a robust algorithm is proposed for achieving the intended goal and conclusions are drawn.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"2019 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121034223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750343
G. Collazuol, G. Lamanna, M. Sozzi
We discuss the possible use of GPUs (Graphics Processing Unit) in the all-digital trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) chain of the NA62 experiment at CERN. The exponentially growing interest in using GPUs for general purpose applications is based on the impressive performances achieved (peak performance already exceeding the Teraflop/s), on the high bandwidth to memory (hundreds of GB/s) and on the relatively easy high level programming frameworks available.
{"title":"A trigger system based on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)","authors":"G. Collazuol, G. Lamanna, M. Sozzi","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750343","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the possible use of GPUs (Graphics Processing Unit) in the all-digital trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) chain of the NA62 experiment at CERN. The exponentially growing interest in using GPUs for general purpose applications is based on the impressive performances achieved (peak performance already exceeding the Teraflop/s), on the high bandwidth to memory (hundreds of GB/s) and on the relatively easy high level programming frameworks available.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121039608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750372
A. Pierro, F. Cavallari, S. Di Guida, V. Innocente, Algirdas Beinaravicius
PJ-SQL-Browser is a free Python-Javascript web-based tool. It relies on jQuery and python libraries, and is intended to provide the CMS software framework a real-time handle to the DB backend inside a local web browser.
{"title":"SQL-jQuery client a tool managing the DB backend of the CMS software framework through Web Browser","authors":"A. Pierro, F. Cavallari, S. Di Guida, V. Innocente, Algirdas Beinaravicius","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750372","url":null,"abstract":"PJ-SQL-Browser is a free Python-Javascript web-based tool. It relies on jQuery and python libraries, and is intended to provide the CMS software framework a real-time handle to the DB backend inside a local web browser.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121304116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750336
M. Turqueti, J. Saniie, E. Oruklu
A common problem in disciplines such as high energy physics, biomedicine and acoustic signal processing is finding a suitable representation of multivariate data. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a recently developed mathematical tool that can recover independent source signals and is now mature enough to be implemented in real-time applications such as photomultipliers signal processing, magnetic resonance imaging and acoustic arrays. This technique is based on the assumption that signals from different sources are statistically independent and statistically independent signals can be extracted from mixture signals. ICA defines a model for the observed data that requires a large number of samples in order to establish the necessary statistics. The model assumes that the data variables are linear combination of unknown variables, the unknown variables are assumed to be non-Gaussian and independent. The goal then becomes to find a transformation in which the components are as statistical independent as possible from each other. This technique is related with methods such as principal component analysis and factor analysis. The ICA algorithm is computing intensive since it must accumulate and go through the signal samples performing complex operations. Efficient versions of the algorithm have being already deployed using different techniques such as the FastICA that can be implemented efficiently in hardware platforms such as DSP processors and FPGA's. In this paper, we present the ICA principles, implementation and current applications.
{"title":"Real-time Independent Component Analysis Implementation and applications","authors":"M. Turqueti, J. Saniie, E. Oruklu","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750336","url":null,"abstract":"A common problem in disciplines such as high energy physics, biomedicine and acoustic signal processing is finding a suitable representation of multivariate data. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a recently developed mathematical tool that can recover independent source signals and is now mature enough to be implemented in real-time applications such as photomultipliers signal processing, magnetic resonance imaging and acoustic arrays. This technique is based on the assumption that signals from different sources are statistically independent and statistically independent signals can be extracted from mixture signals. ICA defines a model for the observed data that requires a large number of samples in order to establish the necessary statistics. The model assumes that the data variables are linear combination of unknown variables, the unknown variables are assumed to be non-Gaussian and independent. The goal then becomes to find a transformation in which the components are as statistical independent as possible from each other. This technique is related with methods such as principal component analysis and factor analysis. The ICA algorithm is computing intensive since it must accumulate and go through the signal samples performing complex operations. Efficient versions of the algorithm have being already deployed using different techniques such as the FastICA that can be implemented efficiently in hardware platforms such as DSP processors and FPGA's. In this paper, we present the ICA principles, implementation and current applications.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121607595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1109/RTC.2010.5750471
I. Mandjavidze, T. Romanteau
This paper presents several test and monitoring techniques that have been deployed in some sub-systems of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter readout electronics. The embedded online testability features of the Selective Readout Processor boards and of the endcap Trigger Concentrator Cards greatly simplified functional validation of the real-time hardware, facilitated development of automated production test benches and played an important role during the commissioning phase of the ECAL readout system. The deployed test and monitoring mechanisms as well as the used remote firmware control schemes are generic enough and look worth to be applied to a wide range of real-time systems with the FPGA-based hardware.
{"title":"Embedding online test and monitoring features in real time hardware systems","authors":"I. Mandjavidze, T. Romanteau","doi":"10.1109/RTC.2010.5750471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTC.2010.5750471","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents several test and monitoring techniques that have been deployed in some sub-systems of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter readout electronics. The embedded online testability features of the Selective Readout Processor boards and of the endcap Trigger Concentrator Cards greatly simplified functional validation of the real-time hardware, facilitated development of automated production test benches and played an important role during the commissioning phase of the ECAL readout system. The deployed test and monitoring mechanisms as well as the used remote firmware control schemes are generic enough and look worth to be applied to a wide range of real-time systems with the FPGA-based hardware.","PeriodicalId":345878,"journal":{"name":"2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122470161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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