Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Converting biomass tar into N-doped biochar: A promising anode material for enhanced sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Guangxing Wu ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Guan ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia Lu ,&nbsp;Weijuan Lan ,&nbsp;Zaifeng Li ,&nbsp;Shuhua Yang ,&nbsp;Hongying Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensifying fossil fuel crisis has raised significant attention to the utilization of biomass energy, particularly biomass gasification technology, which is pivotal for its large-scale application. However, the generation of biomass tar during gasification remains a major obstacle. Due to the high carbon content of biomass tar and its compositional and property similarities to coal tar and pitch, this study explores the synthesis of nitrogen-doped biochar by combining urea with biomass tar, and evaluates its potential use as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries. The synthesized material, denoted as NT2–1000 (with a urea-to-biomass tar mass ratio of 2:1 and a carbonization temperature of 1000 °C), exhibited a reversible capacity of 257.49 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 25 mA g⁻¹, achieving an initial coulombic efficiency of 59.34 %. After 50 cycles at 50 mA g⁻¹, the capacity almost unchanged. At a higher current density of 1000 mA g⁻¹, the material retained 70.33 % of its initial capacity of over 200 cycles (122.6 mAh g⁻¹), demonstrating excellent rate capability and cycling stability, which is desirable for sodium-ion battery anodes. This research presents a novel method for valorizing carbon from biomass tar, thus promoting the high-value use of waste products generated in energy production processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107051"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydrothermal and hydrothermal oxidation pretreatment on the physicochemical properties of biochar pellet and activated carbon prepared from biomass wastes","authors":"Sen Lang,&nbsp;Shouyu Zhang,&nbsp;Jifan Yang,&nbsp;Yi Zhou,&nbsp;Zihang Xu,&nbsp;Xiuyuan Han,&nbsp;Jiantian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal (HT) pretreatment and hydrothermal oxidation (HTO) pretreatment can change the internal chemical components of biomass wastes to effectively promote the diversified utilization of the biomass resource and upgrade the quality of terminal productions. In this paper, cotton stalk (CS) and Fir wood sawdust (FS) were pretreated firstly at 160–260 °C to prepare the biochar pellets and activated carbon respectively. The effect of evolution behavior of the three components in CS/FS during HT/HTO process on the physicochemical properties of biochar pellets and activated carbon is explored. The results indicate that HT and HTO pretreatment are beneficial to the quality of biochar pellets and activated carbon. Compared with HT pretreatment, HTO process can effectively alleviate the pretreatment intensity of the preparation of high-quality biochar pellets and activated carbon. HTO pretreatment can promotes the significantly decompositions of cellulose and hemicellulose and aromatization growth of CS/FS. The biochar pellets with higher physical properties can be prepared at the HT temperature of 230 °C and at the HTO temperature of 200 °C respectively, and the physical properties of the samples prepared from FS basically higher than CS. Crystalline cellulose is the main contributor to the physical property of biochar pellets. The HHV of biochar pellets prepared from pretreated FS is basically higher than CS, and the cellulose is responsible for the increasing HHV. HT and HTO pretreatment can significantly improve the energy density of CS/FS samples, and the apparent density has the crucial effect on the energy density than HHV. The increasing of cellulose content is conductive to the improvement of combustion performance of biochar pellets, while recondensed lignin in FS prepared by HTO process also has the higher HHV and combustion performance. The total yield of resulted samples was affected by the combination of pretreatment yield and activation yield. Compared with the direct activation, the total yield of pretreated CS activated carbon prepared by HT and HTO pretreatment could up to 166.6 % and 118.4 % respectively, and 189.8 % and 118.9 % for FS samples. CS is the more excellent precursor to prepare high-quality activated carbon than FS. Compared with HT pretreatment, the higher specific surface area and adsorption capacity of resulted activated carbon can be obtained by HTO process, in which the iodine adsorption value of CS-HTO180-A and CS-HTO200-A meet the China standard of activated carbon for water purification (GB/T 13803.2–1999).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ and ex situ catalytic microwave pyrolysis of biomass pellets using Ni/Al2O3 for hydrogen and bio-oil production","authors":"Mahendra Tiwari,&nbsp;Ravikrishnan Vinu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four different biomass feedstocks, viz., rice straw (RS), sugarcane bagasse (BG), pine wood (PW), and <em>Prosopis juliflora</em> (PJ), were pyrolyzed in a microwave reactor at 800 W- 800 °C, and the hydrogen generation potential was assessed under different conditions using Ni/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst. Uniquely, four different configurations were evaluated in this study, which include non-catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in powder and pellet forms, and catalytic pyrolysis of biomass pellets in in-situ and ex-situ modes. The hydrogen yield was high in the case of biomass pellets and in the presence of catalyst. The general trend was: (biomass pellets) _In-situ &gt; (biomass pellets) _Ex-situ &gt; biomass pellets &gt; powder biomass. The heating rates also followed the above trend for all biomass feedstocks. Gas yield increased by 2–10 % with pelletization of biomass, and 18–32 % with the use of catalyst due to efficient cracking of the pyrolysis vapours. The H₂:CO (mol/mol) ratio was higher in the case of in-situ pyrolysis mode, and the trend was: BG (1.60) &gt; PW (1.52) &gt; RS (1.32) ≈ PJ (1.31). In-situ catalytic pyrolysis of PW pellets yielded high amount of hydrogen (39 vol%, 27.7 g/kg_biomass). In-situ catalytic pyrolysis mode was effective for higher hydrogen yield due to better contact of the pyrolysates with the Ni catalyst that effectively promoted water gas shift reaction. Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of biomass pellets produced high yield of CO+CO₂. Detailed bio-oil composition analysis revealed that the selectivity to phenolics in the bio-oil obtained from biomass pellets (64–71 %) was more than that from biomass in powder form (51–61 %). Notably, in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of pellets resulted in a sharp decline in phenolic selectivity (22–45 %) accompanied by increased production of aliphatic oxygenates (38–52 %), and mild increase in aliphatic hydrocarbons. This study proves that microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass pellets is a promising strategy for hydrogen generation at high yields with good potential to reform the gases for further enhancement of hydrogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107044"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water content effect on bituminous pyrolysis product distribution with ReaxFF molecular dynamics and experiment","authors":"Xin-xiao Lu ,&nbsp;Guo-yu Shi ,&nbsp;Guan Wang ,&nbsp;Shuo Wang ,&nbsp;Rui-nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zi-yao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water atmosphere exerts a profound effect on the coal pyrolysis process. The present study dissects the bituminous pyrolysis product distribution at 0 %-24 % water content and traces the N and S atom migration via the ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD). The coal mass ratio exhibits a slow-rapid-slow decline as the temperature rises. The coal mass ratio transfers to the pyrolysis heavy tar, light tar, and gas by 2.65 %, 6.46 %, and 16.51 % at 2700 K. The remaining N and S atoms in char are 62.5 % and 43.3 %, and the migrated atoms mainly distribute in the light tar and gas. The N and S atoms tend to remove from the functional group C₄H₅N and R-S-R. The elevated temperature promotes the conversion from C-N and C-S to H-N and H-S that contributes to more NH₃ and H₂S. The minimum char and maximum gas mass arise at the 6 % water content with the lowest total bond number. The heavy and light tar mass peak appears at 12 % and 18 % water content. The active radicals OH∙ and H∙ rise at a higher water content. The research achievement has positive practical significance for the pollution control and efficiency improvement of coal pyrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107042"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived polyols to light alkanes over boron oxide modified nickel silicate catalysts","authors":"Xin Jin ,&nbsp;Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Pan,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Haonan Chen,&nbsp;Changyi Chen,&nbsp;Caiwei Wang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Ge,&nbsp;Zhili Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal-catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass-derived polyols is a potential route for producing renewable light alkanes, but developing efficient and economical non-precious metal catalysts is still challenging. In this study, a boron oxide moderated layered nickel silicate catalyst Ni-xB₂O₃/NiSi-PS was designed, and its performance and mechanism in the HDO reaction of C3–C6 polyols were systematically investigated. The characterization results showed that the introduction of B₂O₃ inhibited the agglomeration of active Ni⁰, reducing its particle size from 13.8 nm to 7.3 nm and significantly enhancing the Lewis acidity of the catalyst. Under the optimized reaction conditions (300 °C, 5 MPa H₂), high light alkane selectivity ranging from 70.1 % to 94.1 % were achieved for various C3–C6 polyols. Through detailed product analysis, the reaction network of polyol HDO was proposed, and the regulatory mechanism of B₂O₃ was revealed. The catalyst exhibited good stability and reductive regeneration ability, and the activity decreased only slightly after five cycles. This study provides insights into catalyst design for thermal-catalytic conversion processes, which is significant in promoting the sustainable development of the biomass refining industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107043"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of hydrogen in products derived from catalyzed co-pyrolysis of glucose and polypropylene via deuterium labeling using TG-FTIR","authors":"Liwei Ma,&nbsp;Jing Weng,&nbsp;Junjie Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.106994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.106994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and hydrogen donors is one of the important ways to improve the quality of bio-oil. The hydrogen transfer pathways in co-pyrolysis are significant yet remain vague. In this study, an isotopic labeling method to label glucose (G) with deuterium (D) atoms was used to trace the hydrogen. The results show the catalysts influence the hydrogen transformation significantly and selectively. The shift of the infrared (IR) peaks proves that the hydrogen atoms in products - phenols, alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and olefins contain both hydrogen from polypropylene (PP) and deuterium from G. While the hydrogen in aromatic rings, - CH₃ and - CH₂ all come from polypropylene. Furthermore, the deuterium atoms from G only enter the olefin products with catalyst potassium chloride (KCl) or activated carbon (AC). On the other hand, the oxygenated compound products mainly contain hydrogen atoms from polypropylene with any of the three catalysts. The potassium chloride helps the hydrogen from polypropylene transfer to the products of mainly phenols, aldehydes and alcohols. The AC transfers the hydrogen from polypropylene to the products of carboxylic acid, aldehydes, and phenols. For the ZSM-5, it helps the hydrogen from polypropylene transfer to the products of carboxylic acid and aldehydes. The results of this study are useful for improving the effective hydrogen content of the mixed pyrolysis reaction of biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EMI shielding and joule heating applications of woven and nonwoven activated carbon fabrics of Kevlar fibres","authors":"Kuldip Singh,&nbsp;Vijay Baheti","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the impact of fabric type on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and joule heating performance. Kevlar-based nonwoven and woven activated carbon fabrics were prepared using single-stage carbonization and physical activation method at different carbonization temperatures. Due to their anisotropic and electrically conductive porous fibre networks, nonwoven-based activated carbon fabrics exhibited higher electrical conductivity, EMI shielding, and joule heating properties than the woven structures. It was observed that, at higher carbonization temperatures, both the fabric types showed higher EMI shielding and ohmic heating properties. At 1000 °C, the nonwoven structure displayed EMI shielding effectiveness of 26.9 dB and achieved a surface temperature around 180 °C at a power supply of 5 V. However, woven structure achieved EMI shielding effectiveness of 25.4 dB and surface temperature of 124 °C. Moreover, combined woven and nonwoven structures displayed superior ohmic heating and EMI shielding results compared to individual structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107041"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot formation from various coals in a two-stage entrained flow gasifier with detailed chemistry","authors":"Tailin Li ,&nbsp;Kazui Fukumoto ,&nbsp;Lijuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yixiong Lin ,&nbsp;Cheolyong Choi ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Machida ,&nbsp;Koyo Norinaga","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The substitution of air with O₂/CO₂ atmosphere is a promising solution for CO₂ recirculation during coal gasification. However, a comprehensive understanding on the formation mechanism of PAHs and soot under different conditions is necessary to reduce their emissions. This work presents simulation results of a two-stage entrained flow coal gasifier in a 250 MW industrial-scale plant using detailed chemistry. The influences of reductor temperature (1000–1200 ℃) and coal types (bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, and lignite) on PAHs and soot formations from the coal volatiles in the reductor were simulated through a detailed chemical kinetic model under air and O₂/CO₂ atmospheres. Results show that 2- and 3-ring aromatics are main PAHs products. Rising temperature has inhibitory effects on PAHs formation, especially for lignite. The O₂/CO₂ condition reduces the PAHs yield compared with the air condition. Rate of production analysis reveals that conversion of major PAHs occurs mainly between PAHs and their radicals. Vinyl-naphthyl radical and indenyl radical play an important role in the acenaphthylene conversion. In addition, soot production increases with a higher temperature under both air and O₂/CO₂ conditions. The O₂/CO₂ condition effectively suppressed soot production through a weaker HACA surface growth route than the air condition. lignite produces the least soot, and sub-bituminous coal produces the most. This study deeply reveals the formation mechanisms of PAHs and soot in a two-stage entrained flow gasifier through detailed chemical kinetic modeling, giving an insight into the complex PAHs and soot formations to assess the design and the operating condition of gasifier with O₂/CO₂ injection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107027"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis behavior of silicone aerogels with different side groups through experimental and ReaxFF MD","authors":"Mingming Wu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Mingjun Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Niu ,&nbsp;Yue Xing ,&nbsp;Yayun Zhang ,&nbsp;Donghui Long","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicone materials, widely used as ablation thermal protection materials, have complex degradation mechanisms at ultra-high temperatures that remain poorly understood. In this work, we investigate the pyrolysis behavior of silicone aerogels through experiments and ReaxFF molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulations, revealing the impact of silicone side groups on their high-temperature stability. The introduction of methyl, vinyl, and phenyl groups through modifying the crosslinker side chains in aerogels, due to their steric hindrance effects and higher bond energies, inhibits the occurrence of cleavage reactions, thereby improving the thermal stability of the material and providing a basis for material design. We obtained kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process, including activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and reaction mechanism functions, through thermogravimetric analysis, thereby establishing an accurate and reliable decomposition kinetics model. Fast pyrolysis experiments, alongside ReaxFF MD simulations, systematically elucidated the pathways for forming of gaseous, liquid, and solid products during thermal decomposition. Pyrolysis is primarily triggered by the cleavage of Si-C bonds, leading to the cyclization of the Si-O-Si main chain to form cyclic siloxanes. The cleavage of small molecules undergoes a rearrangement reaction, ultimately resulting in the formation of amorphous silica. This study enhances our understanding of the pyrolysis mechanisms of silicone aerogels and provides theoretical insights for improving their thermal stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107038"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of biochar derived from thermochemical processing of food waste digestate: Properties, preparation factors, and applications","authors":"Juan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jingxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Beibei Yan ,&nbsp;Wenzhu Wu ,&nbsp;Guanyi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Cui ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food waste digestate (FWD), a by-product of anaerobic digestion (AD), urgently needs to be properly and effectively disposed of. As a viable solution for FWD disposal and utilization, the preparation, formation mechanisms, influencing factors, and diverse applications of biochar (pyrochar and hydrochar) were reviewed. Specifically, the formation of pyrochar relies on precise control of surface area, porosity, and morphology, with optimal preparation conditions including a temperature range of 500–600 ℃, a low heating rate, and a water content below 30 %. In contrast, the properties of hydrochar are primarily influenced by temperature, residence time, and S/L, with ideal conditions being 150–250 ℃, a residence time of approximately 30 minutes, and an S/L between 1:5 and 1:10. For the applications, pyrochar is mainly used as an adsorbent, catalyst, soil amendment, additive in AD, compost and electrode materials due to its exceptional specific surface (SSA) area and porosity, and remarkable water retention capacity. Conversely, hydrochar, characterized by its high HHV and low ash content, finds use as a solid fuel. This study offers valuable insights and strategic guidance for the sustainable management of FWD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}