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Introduction to the Hungarian Cartel Regulation in the Interwar Period 两次世界大战期间匈牙利卡特尔法规导论
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.015.15718
Norbert Varga
WWI significantly influenced the development of private and trade law. The regulation of economic law institutions came up as a necessity. To protect the consumers’interests, the state interfered with private law affairs and regulated sharking procedures, unfair competition and cartel law. By taking European regulation results into account, cartel regulation organisations were introduced by the Cartel Act; the most important of them was the Cartel Court. This paper shows the most important steps of the antitrust regulation in Hungary’s special attention to the relevant European cartel regulations.
第一次世界大战对私法和贸易法的发展产生了重大影响。经济法制度的规范是必要的。为了保护消费者的利益,国家对私法事务进行了干预,并对回扣程序、不正当竞争和卡特尔法进行了规范。考虑到欧洲的监管结果,卡特尔监管组织是由卡特尔法引入的;其中最重要的是卡特尔法庭。本文展示了匈牙利反垄断监管中最重要的步骤,即特别关注欧洲的相关卡特尔法规。
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引用次数: 1
Attempts to Codify Personal Matrimony Law in the Second Polish Republic. A Fiasco or Perhaps a Success? 波兰第二共和国个人婚姻法法典化的尝试。失败还是成功?
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.018.15721
Z. Zarzycki
After regaining independence in 1918, Poland inherited five different post-partition legal orders from the 19th century, regulating personal matrimony law on its territory, i.e. Prussian, Austrian, Hungarian, Russian and Polish from the times of the Kingdom of Poland. This situation required urgent reform and taking codification steps. The codification task was entrusted to the Codification Commission, established in 1919. Its result was the governmental matrimony law Project adopted in 1929, known as Lutostański’s Project. Unfortunately, it was not passed by the Sejm. It happened because of the opposition of the Catholic Church and other conservative forces. The reasons for this state of affairs were too modern, for those times, legal solutions contained therein, and above all, the possibility of obtaining a divorce. Many legal solutions included in this project can be found in modern matrimony law, i.e. almost a hundred years later. Nevertheless, the very idea of codification and the adopted main principles of matrimony law should be considered a success of Polish legal thought. The more so because many of these solutions were used in post-war Poland in the Decree on matrimony law in 1945 and are known in contemporary matrimony law.
1918年恢复独立后,波兰继承了19世纪分治后的五种不同的法律秩序,即波兰王国时期的普鲁士、奥地利、匈牙利、俄罗斯和波兰,规范了其领土上的个人婚姻法。这种情况需要紧急改革和采取编纂步骤。编纂工作被委托给1919年成立的编纂委员会。其结果是1929年通过的政府婚姻法计划,即Lutostański计划。不幸的是,众议院没有通过。这是因为天主教会和其他保守势力的反对。造成这种状况的原因在当时太现代了,其中包含了法律解决办法,最重要的是,离婚的可能性。这个项目中包含的许多法律解决方案可以在现代婚姻法中找到,即近一百年后。然而,编纂婚姻法的想法和通过的婚姻法主要原则本身应被认为是波兰法律思想的成功。更重要的是,许多这些解决办法在战后波兰于1945年颁布的《婚姻法法令》中使用,并在当代婚姻法中为人所知。
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引用次数: 0
Why Legal History Matters? Opening of the Webinar 为什么法律史很重要?网络研讨会开幕
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.035.16208
B. Brożek
Welcome, ladies and gentlemen. I am honored that, although only in the digital space, this seminar takes place at the Jagiellonian University. I’m very happy that leading scientists from important research centers across Central and Eastern Europe agreed to take part in the project and in this meeting. I would also like to thank the organizers for their effort in putting this event together. I would like to share two short reflections of why I think the history of law is important for lawyers. Since my professional background is in the philosophy of law, and in particular in legal epistemology, it is from this theoretical perspective that I would like to approach this question. As I said, I would like to make two points. The first is that – as in any other area of culture: in science, art, or literature – history of law is a history of problems and attempts to solve them. Thus, the way we understand what the law is, how it functions, how we design the law for the future, always grows out of the past; the past which is filled with problems, attempts – both successful and failed – at solving them, and new problems arising on the basis of the old ones. This is clearly visible in such disciplines as physics. Imagine that at the times of Thomas Aquinas, some medieval scholar – thanks to a miracle involving time-travel – is able to get their hands on the famous article of Heisenberg in which he used the matrix approach to construct his version of quantum mechanics. And let us assume further that the scholar is capable of understanding the mathematics involved in Heisenberg’s theory. Even under these counterfactual conditions, the physical layer of the theory would be
女士们,先生们,欢迎大家。我很荣幸这次研讨会在雅盖隆大学举行,虽然只是在数字领域。我很高兴来自中欧和东欧重要研究中心的顶尖科学家同意参加这个项目和这次会议。我也要感谢主办方为这次活动所做的努力。我想分享两个简短的思考,为什么我认为法律的历史对律师很重要。由于我的专业背景是法哲学,特别是法律认识论,所以我想从这个理论的角度来探讨这个问题。正如我所说,我想谈两点。首先,就像在其他文化领域一样:在科学、艺术或文学领域,法律的历史是一部问题和试图解决问题的历史。因此,我们理解法律是什么,它如何发挥作用,我们如何为未来设计法律的方式,总是源于过去;过去充满了问题,解决这些问题的尝试——有成功的也有失败的——以及在旧问题的基础上产生的新问题。这在物理学等学科中是显而易见的。想象一下,在托马斯·阿奎那的时代,一些中世纪学者——多亏了一个涉及时间旅行的奇迹——能够得到海森堡的著名文章,他在那篇文章中使用矩阵方法构建了他的量子力学版本。让我们进一步假设这位学者能够理解海森堡理论中涉及的数学。即使在这些反事实的条件下,理论的物理层也是
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引用次数: 0
Mental Disorder as a Ground for Divorce in the Czechoslovak Marriage Amendment and Comparison to Hungarian Law 捷克斯洛伐克婚姻修正案中精神障碍作为离婚理由及其与匈牙利法律的比较
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.023.15726
Ingrid Lanczová
The author reviews mental disorder as a ground for divorce in the Czechoslovak Act No. 320 of 1919 Coll. This Act was called the Marriage Amendment and was in effect for the Czech countries until 1950. The author considers the wording of the Act itself, the explanatory report, jurisprudence, and the court practice. The author compares it to the Hungarian marriage law that continued to be effective in Slovakia until 1950. It was Act No. XXXI of 1894 (the so-called Marriage Act), which regulated divorces in Slovakia, despite adopting the Czechoslovak Marriage Amendment. The Hungarian Marriage Act did not recognise mental illness as a ground for divorce. However, it was a controversial topic in both legal environments, the Hungarian and Czechoslovak.
作者回顾了捷克斯洛伐克1919年第320号法令中作为离婚理由的精神障碍。这项法案被称为婚姻修正案,在1950年之前一直对捷克国家有效。作者考虑了该法本身的措辞、解释性报告、法理和法院实践。作者将其与匈牙利婚姻法进行了比较,匈牙利婚姻法直到1950年仍在斯洛伐克有效。这是第一号法案。1894年第XXXI号(所谓的《婚姻法》),尽管通过了《捷克斯洛伐克婚姻修正案》,但它规定了斯洛伐克的离婚问题。《匈牙利婚姻法》不承认精神疾病是离婚的理由。然而,这在匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克这两个法律环境中都是一个有争议的话题。
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引用次数: 0
Continuity and Discontinuity of Czechoslovak Interwar Law. Basic Introduction of the Topic with an Example of Criminal Law 捷克斯洛伐克两次世界大战之间法律的连续性和非连续性。主题基本介绍,以刑法为例
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.013.15716
Vilém Knoll, Tomáš Pezl
The paper deals with the development of law in Czechoslovakia from its inception to the existence of the so-called First Republic, focusing in particular on the development of criminal law. The primary question addressed in the paper is whether there is legal continuity with the previous Austro-Hungarian legal system. Given that there were several legal orders in force in the aftermath of the establishment of Czechoslovakia, the next necessary question is how this situation was addressed. The paper presents examples from selected areas of criminal law, such as juvenile justice, national security laws, or military criminal norms, and intends to document the main legislative trends, namely the introduction of completely new legal regulations, the adoption of the original Austrian regulation and its nationwide application, or, last but not least, the adoption of both Austrian and Hungarian regulations with their simultaneous application. The codification attempts in the Criminal Code, which were not completed in the relevant period, have not been overlooked.
本文论述了捷克斯洛伐克从其成立到所谓第一共和国的存在期间的法律发展,特别侧重于刑法的发展。本文讨论的主要问题是,是否与以前的奥匈法律制度具有法律连续性。鉴于在捷克斯洛伐克成立之后有几项法律命令生效,下一个必要的问题是如何处理这种情况。本文从刑法的选定领域,如少年司法、国家安全法或军事刑事规范中提出了例子,并打算记录主要的立法趋势,即引入全新的法律法规,采用原来的奥地利法规并在全国范围内适用,或者,最后但并非最不重要的是,采用奥地利和匈牙利的法规并同时适用。在有关期间没有完成的《刑法》编纂工作没有被忽视。
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引用次数: 0
Konstytucja polityczna Republiki Portugalii z 11 kwietnia 1933 r.
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.005.15253
J. Maziarz
Political Constitution of the Portuguese Republic of 1933The work consists of two parts. One of them is the first Polish translation of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic of April 11, 1933, and the other is an article devoted to this constitution and the system of government prevailing in Portugal during its period of validity. The Constitution of 1933 had never previously been translated into Polish, although its translation (often anonymous) was published in several other languages, including English, French, German, and Russian. While the circumstances of adopting the constitution of 1933, its sources, and its ideological concepts are reasonably well chronicled in Polish literature, the Estado Novo system is less so, and the author devotes his article to analysing this new regime. It is a synthesis of the constitution’s provisions, against the background of the circumstances in which it was adopted and the ideology on which it was based: corporatism, conservatism, moderate nationalism, and meritocracy. The author also does not ignore the unique role of the architect and originator of the Portuguese system of that time –António de Oliveira Salazar –and his views on the state system.
《1933年葡萄牙共和国政治宪法》全文分为两部分。其中一篇是1933年4月11日葡萄牙共和国宪法的第一部波兰语译本,另一篇是专门介绍该宪法及其有效期间葡萄牙盛行的政府制度的文章。1933年宪法之前从未被翻译成波兰语,尽管它的翻译(通常是匿名的)被出版成其他几种语言,包括英语、法语、德语和俄语。虽然波兰文学对1933年宪法的实施情况、其来源和意识形态概念都有相当详尽的记载,但“新国家”制度却没有这么多记载,作者在文章中专门分析了这个新政权。它是宪法条款的综合,其背景是它被采用的环境和它所基于的意识形态:社团主义、保守主义、温和的民族主义和精英政治。作者也没有忽视当时葡萄牙制度的建筑师和创始人-António de Oliveira Salazar的独特作用,以及他对国家制度的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Nagirnyy, Vitaliy. Urzędnicy Ziemi Kijowskiej od drugiej połowy XI do pierwszej połowy XIII wieku. Studium prozopograficzne. Kraków: Historia Iagellonica, 2021, 390 pp.
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.008.15256
K. Fokt
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引用次数: 0
Profesor Henryk Olszewski (1932–2021)
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.011.15259
Krystyna Chojnicka
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引用次数: 0
Stosunek marszałka wielkiego koronnego Franciszka Bielińskiego do dziesięcin. Przyczynek do dziejów sporu o dziesięciny na Mazowszu w latach pięćdziesiątych XVIII w.
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.002.15250
Łukasz Gołaszewski
Franciszek Bieliński’s Attitude towards Tithes. A Contribution to the History of the Dispute over Tithes in Masovia in the 1750’sThe present article describes Franciszek Bieliński’s attitude towards tithes. He was the Grand Marshal of the Polish Crown and initiated a conflict about tithes between the Masovian nobility and the Catholic clergy, that began in the early 1750’s. In the article I analyse the manifesto that was published under Bieliński’s auspices, along with his correspondence with other dignitaries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as their speeches during the Sejm of 1752 in Grodno. It was no secret that Bieliński initiated this conflict mainly for personal reasons. However, his activity perpetuated the evolution of the practice that courts for nobility were competent to examine cases concerning tithes.
Franciszek Bieliński对什一税的态度。对1750年代马索维亚什一税争议历史的贡献本文描述了弗朗西泽克Bieliński对什一税的态度。他是波兰王室的大元帅,在17世纪50年代早期,他发起了马绍尔贵族和天主教神职人员之间关于什一税的冲突。在这篇文章中,我分析了在Bieliński赞助下发表的宣言,以及他与波兰立陶宛联邦其他政要的通信,以及他们在1752年格罗德诺瑟姆期间的演讲。众所周知,Bieliński发起这场冲突主要是出于个人原因。然而,他的活动延续了贵族法庭有权审查有关什一税的案件这一做法的演变。
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引用次数: 0
Wydawnictwo towarzyszące wystawie „Faszination Stadt” Kulturelle Vernetzung in Europa. Das Magdeburger Recht und seine Städte (Powiązania kulturowe w Europie. Prawo magdeburskie i jego miasta), red. Gabriele Köster, Christina Link, Heiner Lück. Dresden: Sandstein Verlag, 2018, ss. 520, ISBN 978-3-95
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.4467/20844131ks.22.003.15251
Jarosław Reszczyński
The Publication Accompanying the Exhibition “Faszination Stadt” Kulturelle Vernetzung in Europa. Das Magdeburger Recht und seine Städte (Cultural Net in Europe. Magdeburg Law and Its Towns), eds. Gabriele Köster, Christina Link, Heiner Lück. Dresden: Sandstein Verlag, 2018, 520 pp., ISBN 978-3-95498-452-7The overview refers to the publication Kulturelle Vernetzung in Europa. Das Magdeburger Recht und seine Städte (eds. G. Köster, Ch. Link, H. Lück, Dresden: Sandstein Verlag, 2018). It contains 23 articles devoted to the shaping of urban centres in Central-Eastern Europe, based on an interdisciplinary approach. These centres developed from the 13th through the 18th centuries, following the Magdeburg legal model, under the influence of its legal culture. A similar economic and social context shaped comparable circumstances and transformation trends in these centres, regardless of ethnic diversity. Cities established under Magdeburg law shared a network of cultural links, both material and spiritual. The starting point of most of the texts is the history of urban law, and its transfer and adaptation to new areas. However, they also refer to the legal language, the development of written culture in law, the history of the cities’inhabitants and ethnic groups, and the history of urban development, archeology, and art.
欧罗巴“迷人的城市”文化博物馆展览配套出版物。Das Magdeburger Recht und seine Städte(欧洲文化网)《马格德堡法及其城镇》编。Gabriele Köster, Christina Link, Heiner l ck。德累斯顿:Sandstein出版社,2018,520页,ISBN 978-3-95498-452-7概述参考出版物Kulturelle Vernetzung in Europa。《马格德堡研究与发展》Städte(编)。G. Köster, Ch. Link, H. l ck,德累斯顿:Sandstein出版社,2018)。它包含23篇文章,以跨学科的方法为基础,致力于中欧-东欧城市中心的塑造。这些中心从13世纪发展到18世纪,遵循马格德堡的法律模式,在其法律文化的影响下。在这些中心,不论种族多样性如何,相似的经济和社会背景形成了类似的情况和转变趋势。根据马格德堡法建立的城市共享物质和精神文化联系网络。大多数文本的出发点是城市法的历史,以及它在新领域的转移和适应。然而,它们也涉及法律语言、法律文字文化的发展、城市居民和民族的历史以及城市发展、考古和艺术的历史。
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引用次数: 0
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Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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