Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.3
Arsen Budaichiev
The article is devoted to the ceramic bowls study being one of the most exemplary earthenware categories presented in rather large numbers on the Early Bronze Age sites of Dagestan coastal area. The main goal of the study is to develop a typology of the bowls from the settlements (Gheme-tyube I, II, Kabaz-kutan I, II, Torpakh-kala, Ullu-Achi) and the burial grounds (Velikent I, catacomb 8, Velikent II, catacomb 1, Velikent III, catacomb 1, Karabudakhkent II, Kayakent VI) of the region as well as to examine the decor and chronology. According to the shape of the corpus, two main types of bowls are distinguished: type I – bowls in the form of an inverted truncated cone with straight or slightly oval sides at the top; type II – bowls with rounded sides and a slightly everted rim. Type I bowls in the shape of a rim are divided into four subtypes (A, B, C, D). Type II bowls do not have clear varieties. For each type and subtype of the bowls, analogies and parallels are given not only from the regions adjacent to Dagestan, but also from other areas (Eastern and Central Anatolia, Northwestern Iran, etc.), where the Kuro-Arak culture are also widespread. The article identifies common and rare types and subtypes of bowls based on typological analysis and statistical calculations. The paper also deals with the decoration of the bowls which is an episodic phenomenon for them (mortise ornament along the inner edge of the bowl, indented decor). An attempt was made to study the chronology of the bowls, the allocation of early and later types and subtypes on the basis of the monuments’ dating, stratigraphic observations and a series of radiocarbon dating.
{"title":"The Early Bronze Age Bowls from Dagestan Coastal Area (Typology, Dйcor and Chronology Issues)","authors":"Arsen Budaichiev","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the ceramic bowls study being one of the most exemplary earthenware categories presented in rather large numbers on the Early Bronze Age sites of Dagestan coastal area. The main goal of the study is to develop a typology of the bowls from the settlements (Gheme-tyube I, II, Kabaz-kutan I, II, Torpakh-kala, Ullu-Achi) and the burial grounds (Velikent I, catacomb 8, Velikent II, catacomb 1, Velikent III, catacomb 1, Karabudakhkent II, Kayakent VI) of the region as well as to examine the decor and chronology. According to the shape of the corpus, two main types of bowls are distinguished: type I – bowls in the form of an inverted truncated cone with straight or slightly oval sides at the top; type II – bowls with rounded sides and a slightly everted rim. Type I bowls in the shape of a rim are divided into four subtypes (A, B, C, D). Type II bowls do not have clear varieties. For each type and subtype of the bowls, analogies and parallels are given not only from the regions adjacent to Dagestan, but also from other areas (Eastern and Central Anatolia, Northwestern Iran, etc.), where the Kuro-Arak culture are also widespread. The article identifies common and rare types and subtypes of bowls based on typological analysis and statistical calculations. The paper also deals with the decoration of the bowls which is an episodic phenomenon for them (mortise ornament along the inner edge of the bowl, indented decor). An attempt was made to study the chronology of the bowls, the allocation of early and later types and subtypes on the basis of the monuments’ dating, stratigraphic observations and a series of radiocarbon dating.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48185741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.5
A.E. Borisov, N. Kashirskaya, Daria Yurshenas, T. Khomutova, A. Petrosyan, R. Mimokhod
The article is devoted to reconstruction of paleoecological conditions of the steppe zone of the Eastern European Plain in the late Middle Bronze Age. The buried soils of the Kurgan of the Babinskaya culture in the Bogucharsky district of the Voronezh region were studied. It is shown that chemical properties of soil are determined by winter precipitation, while the state of its microbial community reflects the moisture content in the warm season. Annual precipitation trend in the steppe zone in the post-Catacomb period was reconstructed on the basis of findings of a comparative analysis of the chemical and biological properties of soils. It has been established that soils at the end of the 3rd millennium BC showed obvious signs of aridization, which led to a change in soils properties and types causing Southern Chernozems (rich black soils) formation in areas where Ordinary Chernozems is currently located. At the same time, microbial biomass in the buried soils significantly exceeded the current values, and the structure of soil microbial community was dominated by microorganisms involved in plant litter decomposition, which indicates favorable summer conditions and intense summertime precipitation. The research data do not relate to the crisis narrative regarding the paleoecological conditions of the late Middle Bronze Age in the steppe zone of the Eastern European Plain. Furthermore, results obtained do not support the idea of crisis as some kind of comprehensive complex of negative natural and social phenomena. It is more correct to speak of an asynchronous change in the annual course of moisture supply with a decrease in winter and an increase in summer precipitation against the background of general climatic cooling. The article raises the question of the specifics of global climate change manifestation and consequences in the steppe zone generally referred to the “4.2-ka BP aridification event”, which caused drought in the lower latitudes and an increase in precipitation in high latitudes while undergoning a general cooling trend. It is suggested that, under those conditions, climatic fluctuation scale in the steppe zone, located intermediately between the boreal and tropical belts, was not so high. Thus, the steppe remained attractive for communities which managed to adjust their economic model to new conditions.
本文对中青铜时代晚期东欧平原草原带的古生态条件进行了重建。研究了沃罗涅日地区博古恰尔斯基地区巴宾斯卡亚文化的库尔干埋藏土壤。结果表明，冬季降水决定了土壤的化学性质，而暖季土壤微生物群落的状态则反映了土壤的水分含量。在土壤化学和生物特性对比分析的基础上，重建了后地下墓穴时期草原带的年降水趋势。已经确定，公元前3千年末的土壤表现出明显的干旱化迹象，这导致土壤性质和类型的变化，导致在普通黑钙土目前所在的地区形成南部黑钙土(丰富的黑土)。同时，埋地土壤微生物生物量显著超过当前值，土壤微生物群落结构以参与植物凋落物分解的微生物为主，表明夏季条件有利，夏季降水强烈。研究数据与关于东欧平原草原地带中青铜时代晚期古生态状况的危机叙事不相关。此外，所获得的结果并不支持危机是某种消极自然和社会现象的综合复合体的观点。更正确的说法是，在总体气候变冷的背景下，冬季降水减少、夏季降水增加是年供水量的非同步变化。本文提出了全球气候变化在草原带的具体表现和后果问题，即所谓的“4.2 ka BP干旱化事件”，该事件导致低纬度地区干旱，高纬度地区降水增加，但总体上呈降温趋势。在此条件下，介于寒带和热带之间的草原地带的气候波动尺度并不大。因此，草原对设法调整其经济模式以适应新条件的社区仍然具有吸引力。
{"title":"Paleoecological Conditions in the Steppe Zone of the Eastern European Plain at the Post-Catacomb Time","authors":"A.E. Borisov, N. Kashirskaya, Daria Yurshenas, T. Khomutova, A. Petrosyan, R. Mimokhod","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to reconstruction of paleoecological conditions of the steppe zone of the Eastern European Plain in the late Middle Bronze Age. The buried soils of the Kurgan of the Babinskaya culture in the Bogucharsky district of the Voronezh region were studied. It is shown that chemical properties of soil are determined by winter precipitation, while the state of its microbial community reflects the moisture content in the warm season. Annual precipitation trend in the steppe zone in the post-Catacomb period was reconstructed on the basis of findings of a comparative analysis of the chemical and biological properties of soils. It has been established that soils at the end of the 3rd millennium BC showed obvious signs of aridization, which led to a change in soils properties and types causing Southern Chernozems (rich black soils) formation in areas where Ordinary Chernozems is currently located. At the same time, microbial biomass in the buried soils significantly exceeded the current values, and the structure of soil microbial community was dominated by microorganisms involved in plant litter decomposition, which indicates favorable summer conditions and intense summertime precipitation. The research data do not relate to the crisis narrative regarding the paleoecological conditions of the late Middle Bronze Age in the steppe zone of the Eastern European Plain. Furthermore, results obtained do not support the idea of crisis as some kind of comprehensive complex of negative natural and social phenomena. It is more correct to speak of an asynchronous change in the annual course of moisture supply with a decrease in winter and an increase in summer precipitation against the background of general climatic cooling. The article raises the question of the specifics of global climate change manifestation and consequences in the steppe zone generally referred to the “4.2-ka BP aridification event”, which caused drought in the lower latitudes and an increase in precipitation in high latitudes while undergoning a general cooling trend. It is suggested that, under those conditions, climatic fluctuation scale in the steppe zone, located intermediately between the boreal and tropical belts, was not so high. Thus, the steppe remained attractive for communities which managed to adjust their economic model to new conditions.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41483941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.16
A. Timofeev, M. Treister
The article examines five double-sided glass gems found as elements of a bracelet on the left wrist of a child aged 2,5–3 years in the burial no. 13 of the kurgan no. 1 of the “Bogomol’nye peski-I” group near the village of Nikol’skoe, Enotaevskiy District, Astrakhan Region. The inventory of the burial gives grounds for its dating within a broad frame of the 1st – first half of the 2nd century AD. As in the Scythian burials of the Dnieper region, glass gems in the kurgan of the “Bogomol’nye peski-I” group were found in a child’s burial. They were considered by their owners as items of jewelry and amulets, and not as a means for imprinting images. It is worth noting that the images on the sides of the same gem are rarely semantically related to each other, but rather give the impression of a rather random choice of subjects. In many cases, the motives go back to gems of the late Classical and Hellenistic periods. Given the fact that the images on the glass gems were mechanically reproduced from intaglios, there is reason to suppose that these were works of glyptics from the late Hellenistic period, which could theoretically be used for making glass gems at a later period. The uniqueness of double-sided glass gems, on the one hand, and their distribution in the North Pontic region in the 6th–4th centuries BC, on the other hand, give grounds to suggest the possibility of the origin of finds originating from the Sarmatian burials of the Lower Volga region from the workshops of the North Black Sea region, possibly of the Bosporan Kingdom.
{"title":"Double-Sided Glass Gems from the Burial no. 13 of the Kurgan no. 1 of the Group “Bogomol’nye Peski-I”","authors":"A. Timofeev, M. Treister","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines five double-sided glass gems found as elements of a bracelet on the left wrist of a child aged 2,5–3 years in the burial no. 13 of the kurgan no. 1 of the “Bogomol’nye peski-I” group near the village of Nikol’skoe, Enotaevskiy District, Astrakhan Region. The inventory of the burial gives grounds for its dating within a broad frame of the 1st – first half of the 2nd century AD. As in the Scythian burials of the Dnieper region, glass gems in the kurgan of the “Bogomol’nye peski-I” group were found in a child’s burial. They were considered by their owners as items of jewelry and amulets, and not as a means for imprinting images. It is worth noting that the images on the sides of the same gem are rarely semantically related to each other, but rather give the impression of a rather random choice of subjects. In many cases, the motives go back to gems of the late Classical and Hellenistic periods. Given the fact that the images on the glass gems were mechanically reproduced from intaglios, there is reason to suppose that these were works of glyptics from the late Hellenistic period, which could theoretically be used for making glass gems at a later period. The uniqueness of double-sided glass gems, on the one hand, and their distribution in the North Pontic region in the 6th–4th centuries BC, on the other hand, give grounds to suggest the possibility of the origin of finds originating from the Sarmatian burials of the Lower Volga region from the workshops of the North Black Sea region, possibly of the Bosporan Kingdom.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.12
S. Slepchenko, N. Vinokurov, A. Babenko, A. Khrustalev, S. Ivanov
The article presents the results of archaeoparasitological and palynological research of the cultural layers located in the ancient Artesian settlement in the Eastern Crimea. The study revealed the species composition of parasites and palynological spectrum in the cultural layers. Parasite eggs distribution over the layers indicates high content of eggs in almost all periods of the citadel’s existence. High abundance of geohelminth eggs in the studied samples, which might belong to both humans and domestic animals, indicates the unsatisfactory sanitary state of the settlement and the constant risk of infection with geohelminthiasis and intestinal infections possessing the same fecal-oral route of transmission. Features of the studied spore-pollen spectra do not allow a detailed reconstruction of the vegetation dynamics in the vicinity of the Artezian fortress at the turn of the millennium. The major reason is complexity of spectra formation: in addition to pollen deposited from the air (pollen rain), a significant proportion consists of pollen grains brought from other sources. Furthermore, interpretation of the spore-pollen spectra is complicated by presence of a large number of microcharcoals and burnt pollen grains. Despite the above-mentioned challenges in the study of samples from the cultural layers of the Artezian archaeological site using spore-pollen method, we have determined that the inhabitants of the settlement probably used animal dung as fuel, and that at the turn of the millennium, forestless open landscapes covered with steppe vegetation were predominant around the settlement. An important result of the study is the demonstration of unexplored opportunities to investigate cultural layers by archaeoparasitological and palynological methods and of the obtained data use as a source of bioarchaeological information.
{"title":"Results of Archaeoparasitological and Palynological Research Conducted on Cultural Layers of the Artesian Ancient Settlement (Eastern Crimea)","authors":"S. Slepchenko, N. Vinokurov, A. Babenko, A. Khrustalev, S. Ivanov","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of archaeoparasitological and palynological research of the cultural layers located in the ancient Artesian settlement in the Eastern Crimea. The study revealed the species composition of parasites and palynological spectrum in the cultural layers. Parasite eggs distribution over the layers indicates high content of eggs in almost all periods of the citadel’s existence. High abundance of geohelminth eggs in the studied samples, which might belong to both humans and domestic animals, indicates the unsatisfactory sanitary state of the settlement and the constant risk of infection with geohelminthiasis and intestinal infections possessing the same fecal-oral route of transmission. Features of the studied spore-pollen spectra do not allow a detailed reconstruction of the vegetation dynamics in the vicinity of the Artezian fortress at the turn of the millennium. The major reason is complexity of spectra formation: in addition to pollen deposited from the air (pollen rain), a significant proportion consists of pollen grains brought from other sources. Furthermore, interpretation of the spore-pollen spectra is complicated by presence of a large number of microcharcoals and burnt pollen grains. Despite the above-mentioned challenges in the study of samples from the cultural layers of the Artezian archaeological site using spore-pollen method, we have determined that the inhabitants of the settlement probably used animal dung as fuel, and that at the turn of the millennium, forestless open landscapes covered with steppe vegetation were predominant around the settlement. An important result of the study is the demonstration of unexplored opportunities to investigate cultural layers by archaeoparasitological and palynological methods and of the obtained data use as a source of bioarchaeological information.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.13
O. Radyush, A. Vasil’ev
For the first time, the article introduces into scientific circulation the materials obtained during the excavations of the Dal’niy (Vydrin) soil burial ground in the Bolshesoldatsky district of the Kursk region (the upper reaches of the Sudzhа River – the left-bank basin of the Dnieper). In the course of research in 2021, a burial of a man of 35–40 years old was discovered, accompanied by a large amount of pottery, a glass goblet and weapons. The article provides a detailed description of the burial and grave goods, which included 16 vessels (pots, bowls, a jug, a vase, pottery and glass goblets, two brass buckles, a brass fibula, an armchair, an amber mushroom-shaped pendant, a whip part, a cutout blade in a sheath with a belt ring. The data of the anthropological examination of the remains carried out by Irina Reshetova (the Institute of Archeology, Russian Academy of Sciences) demonstrating a physically developed male subjected to regular physical exertion and constant horse riding, which formed a complex of individual signs and features. The blade was placed at the head of the buried individual; due to preservation of the organic matter it was possible to identify it as a dagger in a wooden sheath made from a fragment of a Damascus steel sword with a complex pattern on the blade, the scabbard was suspended using a simple ring with a bracket. These observations introduce new important data into the discussion about the functional purpose of a category of finds widespread in Europe mainly related to the 4th – 5th centuries. Taking into account the traditions of the Chernyakhov funeral rite, the buried individual can be attributed to representatives of the military nobility. As a result of a detailed typological analysis of chronological indicators from the burial, and primarily buckles and a glass goblet, the authors have come to conclusion that the burial date is later relative to the chronology of Chernyakhov antiquities, most likely within late 4th century –early 5th century. The representative of the tribal nobility, as well as some other individuals buried in the burial ground, could have been serving in the court of highest nobility representatives in the barbarian society of the area. In the immediate vicinity of the necropolis, there is a unique single “princely” burial in the village of Bol’shoy Kamenets (known in the literature as the so-called “Starosudzhansky (Old Sudzha) treasures” of 1918/1927). For the present, the discovery of a military burial of such level with weapons and rich inventory is unique for the Dnieper left-bank area of the Chernyakhov culture.
{"title":"Burial with Weapons at the Burial Ground of the Chernyakhov Culture Dal’niy (Vydrin) in the Kursk Region","authors":"O. Radyush, A. Vasil’ev","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, the article introduces into scientific circulation the materials obtained during the excavations of the Dal’niy (Vydrin) soil burial ground in the Bolshesoldatsky district of the Kursk region (the upper reaches of the Sudzhа River – the left-bank basin of the Dnieper). In the course of research in 2021, a burial of a man of 35–40 years old was discovered, accompanied by a large amount of pottery, a glass goblet and weapons. The article provides a detailed description of the burial and grave goods, which included 16 vessels (pots, bowls, a jug, a vase, pottery and glass goblets, two brass buckles, a brass fibula, an armchair, an amber mushroom-shaped pendant, a whip part, a cutout blade in a sheath with a belt ring. The data of the anthropological examination of the remains carried out by Irina Reshetova (the Institute of Archeology, Russian Academy of Sciences) demonstrating a physically developed male subjected to regular physical exertion and constant horse riding, which formed a complex of individual signs and features. The blade was placed at the head of the buried individual; due to preservation of the organic matter it was possible to identify it as a dagger in a wooden sheath made from a fragment of a Damascus steel sword with a complex pattern on the blade, the scabbard was suspended using a simple ring with a bracket. These observations introduce new important data into the discussion about the functional purpose of a category of finds widespread in Europe mainly related to the 4th – 5th centuries. Taking into account the traditions of the Chernyakhov funeral rite, the buried individual can be attributed to representatives of the military nobility. As a result of a detailed typological analysis of chronological indicators from the burial, and primarily buckles and a glass goblet, the authors have come to conclusion that the burial date is later relative to the chronology of Chernyakhov antiquities, most likely within late 4th century –early 5th century. The representative of the tribal nobility, as well as some other individuals buried in the burial ground, could have been serving in the court of highest nobility representatives in the barbarian society of the area. In the immediate vicinity of the necropolis, there is a unique single “princely” burial in the village of Bol’shoy Kamenets (known in the literature as the so-called “Starosudzhansky (Old Sudzha) treasures” of 1918/1927). For the present, the discovery of a military burial of such level with weapons and rich inventory is unique for the Dnieper left-bank area of the Chernyakhov culture.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.8
N. Limberis, I. Marchenko
The paper examines a small series of two-handled gray-clay vases and lekanes from the Maeotian sites of the Kuban region. All the vessels were made on rapidly rotating pottery wheels. Greek amphorae, found together with the vessels in the same burials, allow us to determine precise chronological framework for each complex and vessel type. The main common specific feature of the vases type is two vertical arched handles located on the rim. These vessels were produced under the influence of ancient pottery and come in two types: type 1 – on a high hollow pallet; type 2 – on a low ring pallet. Vases of type 1 date back to the end of the first quarter to the second quarter of the 4th century BC. The chronology of vases of the second type is limited to the end of the first quarter – the end of the 4th century BC. The two double-handled bowls that in details repeat the exact shape of the Greek lekane of the late 5th – early 4th century BC belong to a specific type of the studied tableware. The Maeotian lekanes come from burials of the first quarter of the 4th century BC. The established time frame of the gray-clay vases and lekanes of the Maeotian culture enables their use in determining chronology of the burials which contain no amphorae or other material suitable for precise dating.
{"title":"Maeotian Vases and Lekanes","authors":"N. Limberis, I. Marchenko","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines a small series of two-handled gray-clay vases and lekanes from the Maeotian sites of the Kuban region. All the vessels were made on rapidly rotating pottery wheels. Greek amphorae, found together with the vessels in the same burials, allow us to determine precise chronological framework for each complex and vessel type. The main common specific feature of the vases type is two vertical arched handles located on the rim. These vessels were produced under the influence of ancient pottery and come in two types: type 1 – on a high hollow pallet; type 2 – on a low ring pallet. Vases of type 1 date back to the end of the first quarter to the second quarter of the 4th century BC. The chronology of vases of the second type is limited to the end of the first quarter – the end of the 4th century BC. The two double-handled bowls that in details repeat the exact shape of the Greek lekane of the late 5th – early 4th century BC belong to a specific type of the studied tableware. The Maeotian lekanes come from burials of the first quarter of the 4th century BC. The established time frame of the gray-clay vases and lekanes of the Maeotian culture enables their use in determining chronology of the burials which contain no amphorae or other material suitable for precise dating.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49354682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.18
L. Grinenko
2023 will mark 95 years since the death of Boris Vladimirovich Farmakovsky (1870–1928), an outstanding scholar, researcher of ancient Olbia, art historian and a scientific leader, who did much for the development of archaeology in Russia, for its continuity in the era of change of political system. Archaeologist Lavrentiy A. Moiseev, who was one of B. V. Farmakovsky’s disciples (1882–1946) and the director of the Chersonesos museum, wrote a text in December 1919 that remained unpublished. It is devoted to the 25th anniversary of Boris Vladimirovich’s scholarly activity and is not only an example of an anniversary celebration genre commonly recognised in academic life, not only a document of the epoch reflecting the time when it was composed – “separation of the Crimea and Petrograd” period – but also a fragment of memoirs about the university life and the atmosphere in S.-Petersburg of the early 20th century. The proposed article is devoted to the publication of this text, and also concerns the relationship between the two scholars in the period of the Russian Civil War.
{"title":"Boris Farmakovsky in the Memoir of Lavrentiy Moiseev His Disciple and Friend","authors":"L. Grinenko","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"2023 will mark 95 years since the death of Boris Vladimirovich Farmakovsky (1870–1928), an outstanding scholar, researcher of ancient Olbia, art historian and a scientific leader, who did much for the development of archaeology in Russia, for its continuity in the era of change of political system. Archaeologist Lavrentiy A. Moiseev, who was one of B. V. Farmakovsky’s disciples (1882–1946) and the director of the Chersonesos museum, wrote a text in December 1919 that remained unpublished. It is devoted to the 25th anniversary of Boris Vladimirovich’s scholarly activity and is not only an example of an anniversary celebration genre commonly recognised in academic life, not only a document of the epoch reflecting the time when it was composed – “separation of the Crimea and Petrograd” period – but also a fragment of memoirs about the university life and the atmosphere in S.-Petersburg of the early 20th century. The proposed article is devoted to the publication of this text, and also concerns the relationship between the two scholars in the period of the Russian Civil War.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49664777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.9
S. Monakhov, E. Kuznetsova, N. Churekova
The Krasnodar Museum presents one of the largest amphora collections in the world. Materials from the Maeotian necropolises of the Region near the farms of Prikubanskiy, Lenin, the village of Starokorsunskaya, etc. are stored here. Almost half of the collection consists of vessels from the excavations of the Prikubansky necropolis – 324 amphorae and 101 complexes. Based on the analysis of imports (amphorae and black-glazed pottery) from the burials of this necropolis, we can talk about almost a twofold reduction in the supply of products to the settlement after the middle of the 4th century BC, with a tendency to further decline by the beginning of the 3rd century BC. The materials of the the Prikubanskiynecropolis are characterized by the absence of amphorae of Chios and Peparethos. The containers of these large production centers are represented by a minimum number in the second part of the Krasnodar collection, which includes 349 vessels originating from excavations at least 30 other archaeological sites of the Kuban Region. The existing individual Chios amphorae originate mainly from excavations on the Taman Peninsula. The article discusses several fragmented Chios amphorae with englyphic stamps “A”. At the same time, the Krasnodar collection contains a large number of amphorae of Hellenistic time (in particular Rhodes and the so-called “Prikubanskiy” series), which in other museums are represented by single copies. At the same time, stamped Rhodian vessels from Kuban Region give new, previously unknown combinations of names of eponyms and fabricants.
{"title":"Amphorae Collection of the Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Preserve named after E.D. Felitsyn","authors":"S. Monakhov, E. Kuznetsova, N. Churekova","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The Krasnodar Museum presents one of the largest amphora collections in the world. Materials from the Maeotian necropolises of the Region near the farms of Prikubanskiy, Lenin, the village of Starokorsunskaya, etc. are stored here. Almost half of the collection consists of vessels from the excavations of the Prikubansky necropolis – 324 amphorae and 101 complexes. Based on the analysis of imports (amphorae and black-glazed pottery) from the burials of this necropolis, we can talk about almost a twofold reduction in the supply of products to the settlement after the middle of the 4th century BC, with a tendency to further decline by the beginning of the 3rd century BC. The materials of the the Prikubanskiynecropolis are characterized by the absence of amphorae of Chios and Peparethos. The containers of these large production centers are represented by a minimum number in the second part of the Krasnodar collection, which includes 349 vessels originating from excavations at least 30 other archaeological sites of the Kuban Region. The existing individual Chios amphorae originate mainly from excavations on the Taman Peninsula. The article discusses several fragmented Chios amphorae with englyphic stamps “A”. At the same time, the Krasnodar collection contains a large number of amphorae of Hellenistic time (in particular Rhodes and the so-called “Prikubanskiy” series), which in other museums are represented by single copies. At the same time, stamped Rhodian vessels from Kuban Region give new, previously unknown combinations of names of eponyms and fabricants.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.4
Evgenii Gak
The paper represents an analysis of metal complexes of the Late Middle – Early Late Bronze Age of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eastern Europe within the framework of the three-stage periodization. In the system of radiocarbon dating, this period covers 2300/2200 –1800/1700 cal BC and a number of the Post-Catacomb, the Post-Corded ware, the Chariot and the Srubnaya cultures. The source base of the study is the metal objects of the burial complexes. The most variable widespread numerous and chronologically significant categories of objects in the alterability of which new trends in shaping (fashion) are clearly traced (bladed tools, temple rings, string of beads, bracelets) were subjected to a detailed comparative morphological analysis. The analysis is carried out at the levels “territory – chronology – culture” in the context of data for metal production standards of the previous and subsequent periods. The author comes to conclusion that the metal complex of Post-Catacomb cultures is based on the traditions of the Middle Bronze Age with innovations of the Central European origin, mainly in the west, in the Babino cultural circle, and of the Caucasian origin, mainly in the southeast, in the Lola cultural circle. Metal inventory appearance in the chariot cultures was determined by innovations that spread from the north and east, while maintaining a number of archaic stereotypes of the Caucasian-steppe. At the early stage of the Srubnaya culture, metalworking continues this path of development taking into account actual trends of forming.
{"title":"Continuity and Novelty in Metal Complexes of the South Eastern Europe of the Late Middle – Early Late Bronze Age","authors":"Evgenii Gak","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper represents an analysis of metal complexes of the Late Middle – Early Late Bronze Age of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eastern Europe within the framework of the three-stage periodization. In the system of radiocarbon dating, this period covers 2300/2200 –1800/1700 cal BC and a number of the Post-Catacomb, the Post-Corded ware, the Chariot and the Srubnaya cultures. The source base of the study is the metal objects of the burial complexes. The most variable widespread numerous and chronologically significant categories of objects in the alterability of which new trends in shaping (fashion) are clearly traced (bladed tools, temple rings, string of beads, bracelets) were subjected to a detailed comparative morphological analysis. The analysis is carried out at the levels “territory – chronology – culture” in the context of data for metal production standards of the previous and subsequent periods. The author comes to conclusion that the metal complex of Post-Catacomb cultures is based on the traditions of the Middle Bronze Age with innovations of the Central European origin, mainly in the west, in the Babino cultural circle, and of the Caucasian origin, mainly in the southeast, in the Lola cultural circle. Metal inventory appearance in the chariot cultures was determined by innovations that spread from the north and east, while maintaining a number of archaic stereotypes of the Caucasian-steppe. At the early stage of the Srubnaya culture, metalworking continues this path of development taking into account actual trends of forming.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42286805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.1
A. Vybornov, O. Borisova, M. Kulkova, A. Yudin
The article presents materials enabling to reconstruct the paleogeographic background of the development of the population of the Volga region steppe in the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods. The relevance of the study comes from the need to develop issues of natural and climatic factors influence on the development of cultures. The novelty is determined by the fact that the research presents materials of the 2014–2019 surveys for the settlement of Oroshaemoe I. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the paleogeographic background at the time of interest. The tasks of the study also include identification of the chronological framework, reconstruction of natural and climatic conditions, and determination of the faunal component. In order to achieve these goals, archaeological, palynological and geochemical, radiocarbon and faunistic methods were used. The settlement of Oroshaemoe I is characterized by multi-layers and stratification. The site shows successively located layers of the Orlov, Caspian and Khvalynsk cultures, separated by sterile ones. In addition to ceramic and stone implements, faunal remains were found in the cultural layers which makes it possible to identify the species of animals at different stages of the Neolithic-Eneolithic of this region. Clear chronological frameworks are defined for all complexes. For the first time in recent years, the results of spore-pollen analyses were obtained for all cultural layers. An additional source was the results of geochemical analysis for this site. Certain periods of improvement and deterioration of the climatic situation are traced which influenced the vegetation cover of this area. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that throughout the entire period the vegetation in the surrounding area was similar to modern dry steppes (semi-deserts). An increase in aridity is recorded at a later stage in the development of the Orlov culture. The driest climatic conditions existed during the formation of the Caspian layer; and during the formation of the Khvalyn layer the amount of precipitation began to increase. This resulted in changes in life activity in the Late Stone Age and the Early Metal Age.
{"title":"Paleogeographic Background of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Periods of the Steppe Volga Region","authors":"A. Vybornov, O. Borisova, M. Kulkova, A. Yudin","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2022.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents materials enabling to reconstruct the paleogeographic background of the development of the population of the Volga region steppe in the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods. The relevance of the study comes from the need to develop issues of natural and climatic factors influence on the development of cultures. The novelty is determined by the fact that the research presents materials of the 2014–2019 surveys for the settlement of Oroshaemoe I. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the paleogeographic background at the time of interest. The tasks of the study also include identification of the chronological framework, reconstruction of natural and climatic conditions, and determination of the faunal component. In order to achieve these goals, archaeological, palynological and geochemical, radiocarbon and faunistic methods were used. The settlement of Oroshaemoe I is characterized by multi-layers and stratification. The site shows successively located layers of the Orlov, Caspian and Khvalynsk cultures, separated by sterile ones. In addition to ceramic and stone implements, faunal remains were found in the cultural layers which makes it possible to identify the species of animals at different stages of the Neolithic-Eneolithic of this region. Clear chronological frameworks are defined for all complexes. For the first time in recent years, the results of spore-pollen analyses were obtained for all cultural layers. An additional source was the results of geochemical analysis for this site. Certain periods of improvement and deterioration of the climatic situation are traced which influenced the vegetation cover of this area. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that throughout the entire period the vegetation in the surrounding area was similar to modern dry steppes (semi-deserts). An increase in aridity is recorded at a later stage in the development of the Orlov culture. The driest climatic conditions existed during the formation of the Caspian layer; and during the formation of the Khvalyn layer the amount of precipitation began to increase. This resulted in changes in life activity in the Late Stone Age and the Early Metal Age.","PeriodicalId":34663,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskii arkheologicheskii vestnik","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48052368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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