Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497267
A. K. Keskin, Mustafa Dagcan Senturk, S. Demirel, A. Kizilay, A. S. Turk
In this paper front-end design for a Ka band milimeter wave (MMW) radar which consists of an antenna, a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a band pass filter is presented. The operation frequency of the designed system is between 24-25 GHz in Ka band. A high gain axially displaced elliptical (ADE) dual reflector antenna is employed on the antenna structure. ADE sub-reflector with 5 cm diameter is illuminated by a feeder horn and a main reflector 30 cm diameter parabola focuses incoming waves from the ADE sub-reflector. According to the simulation results narrow half power beam width (HPBW=30) and high gain (G=35 dBi) are obtained with good efficiency (%58). An HJ-FET that has low noise figure (NF<;1 dB) and high gain (>13 dB) is utilized to design a LNA. Double transistors are connected as cascaded to achieve higher transducer gain (Gt>19 dB). Matching circuits and feeder resonators are designed by microstrip lines to obtain low input and output VSWR (Vin<;2.1, Vout<;2.1). A microstrip band pass filter (BPF) is designed to receive required signals and to suppress other bands. The BPF is formed by combination of a radial stub low pass filter (LPF) and a short stub high pass filter. Low insertion loss (S21>-2.5dB) and low return loss (S11<;-15 dB) are aimed to take signal as lossless as at pass band. The simulated designs are manufactured and measured. It is seen that there are good agreements between measurement and simulation results.
{"title":"Front-end design for Ka band mm-Wave radar","authors":"A. K. Keskin, Mustafa Dagcan Senturk, S. Demirel, A. Kizilay, A. S. Turk","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497267","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper front-end design for a Ka band milimeter wave (MMW) radar which consists of an antenna, a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a band pass filter is presented. The operation frequency of the designed system is between 24-25 GHz in Ka band. A high gain axially displaced elliptical (ADE) dual reflector antenna is employed on the antenna structure. ADE sub-reflector with 5 cm diameter is illuminated by a feeder horn and a main reflector 30 cm diameter parabola focuses incoming waves from the ADE sub-reflector. According to the simulation results narrow half power beam width (HPBW=30) and high gain (G=35 dBi) are obtained with good efficiency (%58). An HJ-FET that has low noise figure (NF<;1 dB) and high gain (>13 dB) is utilized to design a LNA. Double transistors are connected as cascaded to achieve higher transducer gain (Gt>19 dB). Matching circuits and feeder resonators are designed by microstrip lines to obtain low input and output VSWR (Vin<;2.1, Vout<;2.1). A microstrip band pass filter (BPF) is designed to receive required signals and to suppress other bands. The BPF is formed by combination of a radial stub low pass filter (LPF) and a short stub high pass filter. Low insertion loss (S21>-2.5dB) and low return loss (S11<;-15 dB) are aimed to take signal as lossless as at pass band. The simulated designs are manufactured and measured. It is seen that there are good agreements between measurement and simulation results.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115553401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497387
Steffen Heuel, Andreas Reil, Carlo van Driesten
Test, measurement and verification of radar are necessary to ensure function according to specification and meet customer requirements. Extensive field tests are often required to test an entire radar system. This is not only expensive, but also requires a great deal of time. To reduce test complexity and cost, simulation techniques are used to recreate real-world conditions in a laboratory environment. Many subsystems can be tested by radar target generators simulating radar echo signals. They usually consider Swerling models, but struggle to simulate clutter, or in particular sea clutter. This paper introduces an approach to generate sea clutter with a state of the art vector signal generator. It shows common approaches modeling sea clutter and introduces a novel approach to combine the statistical models with a physical ocean surface model. This way, time and spatially correlated data that reproduces real-world sea clutter is generated, thus a cheaper, more time efficient way to conduct sea trials is presented.
{"title":"A hybrid approach on generating correlated sea clutter for maritime radar test","authors":"Steffen Heuel, Andreas Reil, Carlo van Driesten","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497387","url":null,"abstract":"Test, measurement and verification of radar are necessary to ensure function according to specification and meet customer requirements. Extensive field tests are often required to test an entire radar system. This is not only expensive, but also requires a great deal of time. To reduce test complexity and cost, simulation techniques are used to recreate real-world conditions in a laboratory environment. Many subsystems can be tested by radar target generators simulating radar echo signals. They usually consider Swerling models, but struggle to simulate clutter, or in particular sea clutter. This paper introduces an approach to generate sea clutter with a state of the art vector signal generator. It shows common approaches modeling sea clutter and introduces a novel approach to combine the statistical models with a physical ocean surface model. This way, time and spatially correlated data that reproduces real-world sea clutter is generated, thus a cheaper, more time efficient way to conduct sea trials is presented.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115445038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497380
N. Hansen, Jan-Philip Mohncke, Stefan Radzijewski, A. Jacob, H. Mextorf
A major future challenge to providers of nautical equipment and navigational radar systems is to make such systems affordable to cost-sensitive customers in the commercial maritime market. This paper presents an approach for a combined S- and X-band navigational phased array radar. The state of the art as well as expected advantages of the proposed solution are discussed. This study also provides information about the technical details regarding the antenna, TR-modules, beamforming, and signal processing.
{"title":"Concept for an advanced navigational phased array radar","authors":"N. Hansen, Jan-Philip Mohncke, Stefan Radzijewski, A. Jacob, H. Mextorf","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497380","url":null,"abstract":"A major future challenge to providers of nautical equipment and navigational radar systems is to make such systems affordable to cost-sensitive customers in the commercial maritime market. This paper presents an approach for a combined S- and X-band navigational phased array radar. The state of the art as well as expected advantages of the proposed solution are discussed. This study also provides information about the technical details regarding the antenna, TR-modules, beamforming, and signal processing.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127799674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497279
Dong Feng, D. An, Xiaotao Huang, Leping Chen, T. Jin
In this paper, a novel method of spatial resolution analysis for low frequency (LF) ultra-wideband (UWB) bistatic forward-looking SAR (BFSAR) is presented, which is based on the wavenumber domain spectrum support of point target. First, the imaging geometry and signal model of the LF UWB BFSAR are established, and the wavenumber domain spectrum support of the point target is analyzed. Then, the analytical expression of the spatial resolution of LF UWB BFSAR is derived. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out, and the results prove the correctness and validity of the proposed method of spatial resolution analysis.
{"title":"Research on resolution of bistatic forward-looking SAR based on spatial wavenumber of the point target","authors":"Dong Feng, D. An, Xiaotao Huang, Leping Chen, T. Jin","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497279","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel method of spatial resolution analysis for low frequency (LF) ultra-wideband (UWB) bistatic forward-looking SAR (BFSAR) is presented, which is based on the wavenumber domain spectrum support of point target. First, the imaging geometry and signal model of the LF UWB BFSAR are established, and the wavenumber domain spectrum support of the point target is analyzed. Then, the analytical expression of the spatial resolution of LF UWB BFSAR is derived. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out, and the results prove the correctness and validity of the proposed method of spatial resolution analysis.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126196313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497376
K. Borowiec, M. Malanowski
The paper focuses on problem of detection of an agile target - a rocket, using passive radar. The main problem under consideration is improvement of detection capabilities of the radar by extending the integration time. As the target has small radar cross-section, any increase in signal-to-noise ratio is desirable. This can be achieved by extending the integration time used in the calculation of the crossambiguity function. This, however, is limited by the simplified model of target echo used in classical crossambiguity function and its mismatch with the actual target motion. The rocket observed by the radar accelerates very fast, which leads to the so-called velocity cell migration phenomenon, which limits the possible signal-to-noise ratio increase. In the paper extended crossambiguity function taking into account target acceleration is considered. The results of the algorithm are presented on data from DVB-T-based passive radar used for detection of a one-stage supersonic rocket.
{"title":"Accelerating rocket detection using passive bistatic radar","authors":"K. Borowiec, M. Malanowski","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497376","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on problem of detection of an agile target - a rocket, using passive radar. The main problem under consideration is improvement of detection capabilities of the radar by extending the integration time. As the target has small radar cross-section, any increase in signal-to-noise ratio is desirable. This can be achieved by extending the integration time used in the calculation of the crossambiguity function. This, however, is limited by the simplified model of target echo used in classical crossambiguity function and its mismatch with the actual target motion. The rocket observed by the radar accelerates very fast, which leads to the so-called velocity cell migration phenomenon, which limits the possible signal-to-noise ratio increase. In the paper extended crossambiguity function taking into account target acceleration is considered. The results of the algorithm are presented on data from DVB-T-based passive radar used for detection of a one-stage supersonic rocket.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125649481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497349
Ramona Behrendt
In this paper a road traffic monitoring system based on a 24 GHz radar sensor is considered. This radar sensor detects and tracks all moving and stationary objects in the local environment. The object tracking procedure used in the radar sensor can be improved if any road map information about the local environment of the sensor is available to the traffic monitoring system. This step is especially important if vehicles move in a non-linear way and on a curvy road. In this respect all target detections are applied in a self-organized road map calculation. The radar sensor measures automatically the position and direction of all straight and curved streets of the entire road network in the local environment. The road map calculation and the road finding algorithm are presented in this paper.
{"title":"Traffic monitoring radar for road map calculation","authors":"Ramona Behrendt","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497349","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a road traffic monitoring system based on a 24 GHz radar sensor is considered. This radar sensor detects and tracks all moving and stationary objects in the local environment. The object tracking procedure used in the radar sensor can be improved if any road map information about the local environment of the sensor is available to the traffic monitoring system. This step is especially important if vehicles move in a non-linear way and on a curvy road. In this respect all target detections are applied in a self-organized road map calculation. The radar sensor measures automatically the position and direction of all straight and curved streets of the entire road network in the local environment. The road map calculation and the road finding algorithm are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127055153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497294
K. Sainath, F. Teixeira, S. Hensley
We numerically study degradation in the cross-polarized, complex-valued Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence's magnitude (correlation) and phase due to electromagnetic (EM) wave penetration and guidance within planar-layered, (effectively) electrically anisotropic (i.e., electric field direction dependent) geophysical media. Specifically, we examine scenarios involving subsurface layers exhibiting electrical response given by deviated anisotropic tensors exhibiting low loss and high inter-layer dielectric contrast (i.e., strong subsurface wave guidance), as well as predominantly cross-pol specular interface scatter (XSIS)-based subsurface backscatter. We hypothesize that this scenario can occur within myriad layered geophysical structures containing media hosting a distribution of sub-wavelength, non-spherical inclusions with mean non-vertical orientation. Guidance-enhanced, XSIS-based backscatter we predict can dominate cross-pol InSAR observations (particularly at lower frequencies such as P-band) concerning these types of structures, leading (in the limit of stronger wave guidance) to rapid, inverse-quadratic degradation of correlation versus InSAR spatial baseline, as well as high and linearly divergent phase bias. Modeling the dominant cross-pol backscatter mechanisms adds another tool for Polarimetric InSAR (PolInSAR) data interpretation and inversion concerning sea ice and other complex layered geophysical structures which can contain media possessing effective anisotropic dielectric response.
{"title":"Cross-pol InSAR coherence degradation due to wave penetration into layered, anisotropic media","authors":"K. Sainath, F. Teixeira, S. Hensley","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497294","url":null,"abstract":"We numerically study degradation in the cross-polarized, complex-valued Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence's magnitude (correlation) and phase due to electromagnetic (EM) wave penetration and guidance within planar-layered, (effectively) electrically anisotropic (i.e., electric field direction dependent) geophysical media. Specifically, we examine scenarios involving subsurface layers exhibiting electrical response given by deviated anisotropic tensors exhibiting low loss and high inter-layer dielectric contrast (i.e., strong subsurface wave guidance), as well as predominantly cross-pol specular interface scatter (XSIS)-based subsurface backscatter. We hypothesize that this scenario can occur within myriad layered geophysical structures containing media hosting a distribution of sub-wavelength, non-spherical inclusions with mean non-vertical orientation. Guidance-enhanced, XSIS-based backscatter we predict can dominate cross-pol InSAR observations (particularly at lower frequencies such as P-band) concerning these types of structures, leading (in the limit of stronger wave guidance) to rapid, inverse-quadratic degradation of correlation versus InSAR spatial baseline, as well as high and linearly divergent phase bias. Modeling the dominant cross-pol backscatter mechanisms adds another tool for Polarimetric InSAR (PolInSAR) data interpretation and inversion concerning sea ice and other complex layered geophysical structures which can contain media possessing effective anisotropic dielectric response.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124288505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497372
Thomas Huber-Obst
This paper provides an overview of methods to achieve safety relevant aspects within a radar system. It also covers the challenges imposed on the radar processing.
本文概述了在雷达系统中实现安全相关方面的方法。它还涵盖了对雷达处理的挑战。
{"title":"Safety & BIT on ATC radar processing","authors":"Thomas Huber-Obst","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497372","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of methods to achieve safety relevant aspects within a radar system. It also covers the challenges imposed on the radar processing.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127068738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497354
Hugo Seuté, C. Enderli, J. Grandin, A. Khenchaf, J. Cexus
In this paper is described an experimental passive localization system based on SDR (Software Defined Radio) components. This system is designed to measure Time Differences of Arrival (TDOA) of radar pulses between two platforms. For a TDOA system, time error between the two receivers must be kept very low, which requires a very accurate way to synchronize the time bases. In this purpose, a custom offline synchronization method is proposed. The overall performances of the system are analyzed. In a small scale outdoor experiment, it has been shown to perform TDOA measurements accurately. The performances measured during this experiment are then extrapolated to a more realistic electronic warfare scenario.
{"title":"Experimental measurement of time difference of arrival","authors":"Hugo Seuté, C. Enderli, J. Grandin, A. Khenchaf, J. Cexus","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497354","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper is described an experimental passive localization system based on SDR (Software Defined Radio) components. This system is designed to measure Time Differences of Arrival (TDOA) of radar pulses between two platforms. For a TDOA system, time error between the two receivers must be kept very low, which requires a very accurate way to synchronize the time bases. In this purpose, a custom offline synchronization method is proposed. The overall performances of the system are analyzed. In a small scale outdoor experiment, it has been shown to perform TDOA measurements accurately. The performances measured during this experiment are then extrapolated to a more realistic electronic warfare scenario.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-10DOI: 10.1109/IRS.2016.7497270
K. Semenova
In this paper data processing algorithm for the front-side-looking synthetic aperture radar is proposed. This algorithm is based on the Least Square method and the spline model. The real-time algorithm is designed using filter having similar principle of construction as a Savitzky-Golay filter. The filter is designed with Altera DSP Builder using 16-bit elements.
{"title":"Real-time algorithm for the front-side-looking SAR","authors":"K. Semenova","doi":"10.1109/IRS.2016.7497270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRS.2016.7497270","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper data processing algorithm for the front-side-looking synthetic aperture radar is proposed. This algorithm is based on the Least Square method and the spline model. The real-time algorithm is designed using filter having similar principle of construction as a Savitzky-Golay filter. The filter is designed with Altera DSP Builder using 16-bit elements.","PeriodicalId":346680,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"125 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114737909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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