Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192708
Y. Fujimoto, E. Kawakami, M. Yoshida, J. Maeda, H. Kan
Broadband fluorescent materials are widely applied to practical uses, for example, generating ultra-short pulse laser, special light sources. Fujimoto et al. discovered a new broadband infrared fluorescence from a bismuth-doped silica glass (BiSG) [1]. This broad fluorescence exists between 1000 nm and 1600 nm, and the absorption is in the visible light region. Its lifetime is 630 µs at room temperature. The optical amplification and the laser oscillation of Bi fluorescent materials are already reported by several researchers [2–4]. This broadband optical light source can also be applied to optical coherence tomography technology (OCT), because higher depth resolution is achieved by wider light source according to Δz∼1/Δv (Δz is the depth resolution, Δv is spectral width in frequency region)[5].
{"title":"A broadband light source in near infrared region generated by a bismuth-doped silica fiber","authors":"Y. Fujimoto, E. Kawakami, M. Yoshida, J. Maeda, H. Kan","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192708","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband fluorescent materials are widely applied to practical uses, for example, generating ultra-short pulse laser, special light sources. Fujimoto et al. discovered a new broadband infrared fluorescence from a bismuth-doped silica glass (BiSG) [1]. This broad fluorescence exists between 1000 nm and 1600 nm, and the absorption is in the visible light region. Its lifetime is 630 µs at room temperature. The optical amplification and the laser oscillation of Bi fluorescent materials are already reported by several researchers [2–4]. This broadband optical light source can also be applied to optical coherence tomography technology (OCT), because higher depth resolution is achieved by wider light source according to Δz∼1/Δv (Δz is the depth resolution, Δv is spectral width in frequency region)[5].","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116803460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196405
H. Karasawa, T. Komori, T. Watanabe, M. Suemitsu, V. Ryzhii, T. Otsuji
Linear dispersion relations for the electron and hole energy spectra with zero energy band gap in graphene [1] provide nontrivial features like negative-dynamic conductivity in far infrared and terahertz (THz) spectral ranges [2]. Due to a very short time of the optical phonon emission τ0 ≈ 10−12s, the photogeneration of electrons and holes leads to the emission of a cascade of optical phonons, so that the photoelectrons and photoholes occupy the states with the energies close to εN = ℏ(Ω / 2 - Nω0 ) ≪ ℏω0 , where ℏΩ the pumping photon energy, ℏω0 the optical phonon energy, and N the number of emitted optical phonons. As a consequence, photoelectrons/holes recombine to radiate THz photons with the energy ℏω = 2εN (inset in Fig. 1(a)) [1]. The incident photon spectra will reflect on the THz photoemission spectra as a proof of occurrence of such a process.
{"title":"Observation of carrier relaxation and recombination dynamics in optically pumped epitaxial graphene heterostructures using terahertz emission spectroscopy","authors":"H. Karasawa, T. Komori, T. Watanabe, M. Suemitsu, V. Ryzhii, T. Otsuji","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196405","url":null,"abstract":"Linear dispersion relations for the electron and hole energy spectra with zero energy band gap in graphene [1] provide nontrivial features like negative-dynamic conductivity in far infrared and terahertz (THz) spectral ranges [2]. Due to a very short time of the optical phonon emission τ<inf>0</inf> ≈ 10<sup>−12</sup>s, the photogeneration of electrons and holes leads to the emission of a cascade of optical phonons, so that the photoelectrons and photoholes occupy the states with the energies close to ε<inf>N</inf> = ℏ(Ω / 2 - Nω<inf>0</inf> ) ≪ ℏω<inf>0</inf> , where ℏΩ the pumping photon energy, ℏω<inf>0</inf> the optical phonon energy, and N the number of emitted optical phonons. As a consequence, photoelectrons/holes recombine to radiate THz photons with the energy ℏω = 2ε<inf>N</inf> (inset in Fig. 1(a)) [1]. The incident photon spectra will reflect on the THz photoemission spectra as a proof of occurrence of such a process.","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116890336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196473
Li Gui, H. Hu, M. García-Granda, W. Sohler
To enhance the efficiency of nonlinear interactions, ridge waveguides can be developed leading to a strong enhancement of the guided mode intensity. If fabricated in a ferroelectric, highly nonlinear material like Lithium Niobate (LN), a periodic domain inversion is required to enable quasi phase matching (QPM) for second order nonlinear processes. Several methods have been used to get periodically poled (PP) ridge structures; they all use a PP substrate for waveguide fabrication [1–3]. In contrast, we report here periodic poling localized in the body of Ti in-diffused ridge waveguides (Ti:PPLN) on X-cut LN and demonstrate the high waveguide quality by efficient second harmonic generation (SHG).
{"title":"Periodically poled ridge waveguide on X-cut LiNbO3 and its application for second harmonic generation","authors":"Li Gui, H. Hu, M. García-Granda, W. Sohler","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196473","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the efficiency of nonlinear interactions, ridge waveguides can be developed leading to a strong enhancement of the guided mode intensity. If fabricated in a ferroelectric, highly nonlinear material like Lithium Niobate (LN), a periodic domain inversion is required to enable quasi phase matching (QPM) for second order nonlinear processes. Several methods have been used to get periodically poled (PP) ridge structures; they all use a PP substrate for waveguide fabrication [1–3]. In contrast, we report here periodic poling localized in the body of Ti in-diffused ridge waveguides (Ti:PPLN) on X-cut LN and demonstrate the high waveguide quality by efficient second harmonic generation (SHG).","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116992817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192679
C. Stephan, K. Sponsel, G. Onishchukov, B. Schmauss, G. Leuchs
With the implementation of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) in optical transmission systems, phase-preserving amplitude regenerators become attractive to prevent the accumulation of nonlinear phase noise which is one of the major impairments in long-distance DSPK transmission systems [1]. We presented in [2] that a Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror (NALM) can provide phase-preserving suppression of amplitude noise of a DPSK signal and, thus, suppress generation of nonlinear phase noise when a signal with deterministic amplitude fluctuations is transmitted. This work reports experimental results on the improved performance of a DPSK transmission system using a NALM when nonlinear phase noise generated by amplified spontaneous emission of optical amplifiers due to the fiber nonlinearity is the main limiting factor.
{"title":"Phase-preserving amplitude regeneration using a Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror in a DPSK transmission system","authors":"C. Stephan, K. Sponsel, G. Onishchukov, B. Schmauss, G. Leuchs","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192679","url":null,"abstract":"With the implementation of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) in optical transmission systems, phase-preserving amplitude regenerators become attractive to prevent the accumulation of nonlinear phase noise which is one of the major impairments in long-distance DSPK transmission systems [1]. We presented in [2] that a Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror (NALM) can provide phase-preserving suppression of amplitude noise of a DPSK signal and, thus, suppress generation of nonlinear phase noise when a signal with deterministic amplitude fluctuations is transmitted. This work reports experimental results on the improved performance of a DPSK transmission system using a NALM when nonlinear phase noise generated by amplified spontaneous emission of optical amplifiers due to the fiber nonlinearity is the main limiting factor.","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"104 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120970188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192335
K. Vahala, M. Herrmann, S. Knunz, V. Batteiger, G. Saathoff, T. Hansch, T. Udem
Cooling of atoms and ions [1,2] using a red-detuned laser has had a profound impact on science and technology [3–5]. In this work simultaneous laser cooling and blue-detuned laser pumping of a Mg+ ion in a Paul trap is studied. Blue-detuned pumping is conventionally referred to as the heating regime, and in early work, remarkably complex behaviors (bistability and limit cycles) have been associated with this regime [6,7]. These behaviors have so far not been fully explained. Here, it is shown that blue-detuned pumping, as opposed to heating, causes stimulated emission of center-of-mass phonons, leading to coherent oscillatory motion of the ion in analogy with a laser. Mechanical amplification is calculated as well as the threshold pumping condition for oscillation. A single ion in a linear radio-frequency trap is studied to verify these predictions (figure 1 left panel). Blue-detuned pumping of the magnesium D2 transition at 279.6 nm provides amplification along the long axis of the ion trap so as to excite only axial oscillations. A slightly off-axis, red-detuned beam cools the center-of-mass motion to approximately 1 mK. The experimental arrangement is identical to that detailed in ref. [8].
{"title":"An ion-trap phonon laser","authors":"K. Vahala, M. Herrmann, S. Knunz, V. Batteiger, G. Saathoff, T. Hansch, T. Udem","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192335","url":null,"abstract":"Cooling of atoms and ions [1,2] using a red-detuned laser has had a profound impact on science and technology [3–5]. In this work simultaneous laser cooling and blue-detuned laser pumping of a Mg+ ion in a Paul trap is studied. Blue-detuned pumping is conventionally referred to as the heating regime, and in early work, remarkably complex behaviors (bistability and limit cycles) have been associated with this regime [6,7]. These behaviors have so far not been fully explained. Here, it is shown that blue-detuned pumping, as opposed to heating, causes stimulated emission of center-of-mass phonons, leading to coherent oscillatory motion of the ion in analogy with a laser. Mechanical amplification is calculated as well as the threshold pumping condition for oscillation. A single ion in a linear radio-frequency trap is studied to verify these predictions (figure 1 left panel). Blue-detuned pumping of the magnesium D2 transition at 279.6 nm provides amplification along the long axis of the ion trap so as to excite only axial oscillations. A slightly off-axis, red-detuned beam cools the center-of-mass motion to approximately 1 mK. The experimental arrangement is identical to that detailed in ref. [8].","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121207247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196318
P. Horák, R. Chapman, F. Poletti, J. Frey, W. Brocklesby
High-power ultrashort laser pulses at near-infrared wavelengths propagating in gas-filled capillaries can form a compact source of XUV/soft X-ray radiation by high-harmonic generation (HHG) [1]. Maximization of the frequency conversion efficiency requires a detailed understanding of the atomic interaction mechanism as well as the propagation properties of both the near-infrared pump in the presence of a partially ionized gas and of the generated XUV. Here we focus on the numerical simulation of pulse propagation in a parameter regime dominated by plasma effects and by the nonlinear properties of ionization, and compare the results with experimental observations.
{"title":"Nonlinear optical mode coupling by ionization in an Ar-filled capillary with high-power short-pulse excitation","authors":"P. Horák, R. Chapman, F. Poletti, J. Frey, W. Brocklesby","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196318","url":null,"abstract":"High-power ultrashort laser pulses at near-infrared wavelengths propagating in gas-filled capillaries can form a compact source of XUV/soft X-ray radiation by high-harmonic generation (HHG) [1]. Maximization of the frequency conversion efficiency requires a detailed understanding of the atomic interaction mechanism as well as the propagation properties of both the near-infrared pump in the presence of a partially ionized gas and of the generated XUV. Here we focus on the numerical simulation of pulse propagation in a parameter regime dominated by plasma effects and by the nonlinear properties of ionization, and compare the results with experimental observations.","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121240694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192791
M. Ams, P. Dekker, G. Marshall, M. Withford
The use of a scanned femtosecond laser focus to create optical waveguide devices is an established and powerful technique with applications in telecommunications, biotechnology, sensing and quantum information. Using a sub-surface focussed femtosecond laser, a dielectric material can be modified at a highly localised point without surrounding material modification. By controlling the laser-interaction parameters the localised change can result in a permanent positive change in the refractive index of the material thereby forming an optical waveguide device [1].
{"title":"Performance studies of directly written high power monolithic ytterbium waveguide oscillators","authors":"M. Ams, P. Dekker, G. Marshall, M. Withford","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192791","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a scanned femtosecond laser focus to create optical waveguide devices is an established and powerful technique with applications in telecommunications, biotechnology, sensing and quantum information. Using a sub-surface focussed femtosecond laser, a dielectric material can be modified at a highly localised point without surrounding material modification. By controlling the laser-interaction parameters the localised change can result in a permanent positive change in the refractive index of the material thereby forming an optical waveguide device [1].","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127093933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5194791
E. Amselem, M. Bourennane
Bell measurement is the corner stone for teleportation and entanglement swapping protocols. Still a complete setup that can distinguish all Bell sates has not been used in the realization of the protocols. We have tested a Bell measurement setup that can distinguish between all Bell states on a Ψ− ⊗ Ψ− product state.
{"title":"Complete Bell measurement on Ψ− ⊗ Ψ−","authors":"E. Amselem, M. Bourennane","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5194791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5194791","url":null,"abstract":"Bell measurement is the corner stone for teleportation and entanglement swapping protocols. Still a complete setup that can distinguish all Bell sates has not been used in the realization of the protocols. We have tested a Bell measurement setup that can distinguish between all Bell states on a Ψ<sup>−</sup> ⊗ Ψ<sup>−</sup> product state.","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127147106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192448
O. Alimov, T. Basiev, M. Doroshenko, P. Fedorov, V. Konyushkin, S. Kouznetsov, A. N. Nakladov, V. Osiko
Trivalent rare-earth ions in fluorides are known to form different optical centers due to non isovalent substitution of divalent cations and different forms of charge compensation. The set of optical centers usually depends on the type of rare-earth ions, their concentration and fluoride host. Existence of wide range of fluoride solid-solutions also allows to influence the process of optical centers formation and thus manipulate the spectroscopic and oscillation properties of rare-earth ions [1].
{"title":"Spectroscopic and oscillation properties of Nd3+ and Yb3+ ions optical centers in BaF2-SrF2-CaF2 crystals and ceramics","authors":"O. Alimov, T. Basiev, M. Doroshenko, P. Fedorov, V. Konyushkin, S. Kouznetsov, A. N. Nakladov, V. Osiko","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192448","url":null,"abstract":"Trivalent rare-earth ions in fluorides are known to form different optical centers due to non isovalent substitution of divalent cations and different forms of charge compensation. The set of optical centers usually depends on the type of rare-earth ions, their concentration and fluoride host. Existence of wide range of fluoride solid-solutions also allows to influence the process of optical centers formation and thus manipulate the spectroscopic and oscillation properties of rare-earth ions [1].","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127257682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196298
P. Marty, J. Morel, T. Feurer
Cavities are widely used in spectroscopy, for example to increase the absorption path and thus the detection sensitivity. With the advent of Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers (HCPCF) it became possible to realize long absorption paths by using long fibres and, moreover, providing high electric field strength due to the small core diameters. In the recent past these fibres have been used to demonstrate saturation spectroscopy of acetylene [1] or stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen [2].
{"title":"All-fiber Fabry-Perot cavity enhanced spectroscopy of acetylene","authors":"P. Marty, J. Morel, T. Feurer","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5196298","url":null,"abstract":"Cavities are widely used in spectroscopy, for example to increase the absorption path and thus the detection sensitivity. With the advent of Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers (HCPCF) it became possible to realize long absorption paths by using long fibres and, moreover, providing high electric field strength due to the small core diameters. In the recent past these fibres have been used to demonstrate saturation spectroscopy of acetylene [1] or stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen [2].","PeriodicalId":346720,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124701719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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